Objective:To study the effects of the secondary metabolites of Rhizotonia leguminicola on cyclophosphamide-induced immunoregulation in immunosuppressed mice.Methods:The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by cyclophosphamide(80 mg/kg) injected into abdominal cavity.The diluent of secondary metabolites of Rhizotonia leguminicola(SW) at the dosage of 8,16 and 32 mg/(kg?d) was intragastrically administered for 11 days respectively.Meanwhile,the normal control group and CTX model control group were established.Blood,thymus and spleen of the mice were collected respectively at 24 h after the last intragastric administration,and the immunological detection was also carried out.Results:CTX was injected constantly into the abdominal cavity at 80 mg/kg for 3 d,which leaded to immunosuppression of the mice.The groups which took SW at 8 and 16 mg/(kg?d) could increase the number of WBC of the mice.Cyclophosphamide induced a decrease of phagocytic activity of the peritoneal macrophages in the mice and a boost of hemolysin level of the peripheral blood,lymphocyte transformation of the spleens and the activity of NK cells,which were especially obvious in the group of SW at 16 mg/(kg?d).Conclusion:The secondary metabolites of Rhizotonia leguminicola have effects of recovery and reinforcement in cyclophosphamide-induced immunoregulation of immunosuppressed mice.

Improving the education quality of graduate students is the new situation of gradu-ate education reform and development to each university of China. During the overall process of ex-ploring and reforming quality control of graduate student talent cultivation, institute of life sciences in Chongqing Medical University put forward that intensively constructing the supervisors' conscious quality control of talent cultivation was the driving force to realize the quality improvement of talent cultivation. The construction and improvement of supervisors' conscious quality control on graduate education was reflected according to the supervisors' professional quality, postgraduates' thought moral education, and postgraduates' scientific literacy training, respectively. This will lay the foundation for the future comprehensive improvement of postgraduates' academic ethics and effective promotion of the educative reform on graduate education quality.

The dissertation review and defense process of medical science degree graduate stu-dents has become a mere formality because of the manner of postgraduates cultivation, cultural factors and objective factors, resulting in poor quality of degree dissertation. This paper deeply analyzed the reasons for the above problems, and proposed five aspects of adjustment through the reviewer choosing, review process, evaluation scale, evaluation content and evaluation opinions to perfect the eval uation system. It also proposed four aspects of adjustment through strengthen the significance, thesis defense, defense supervision content development process and the detalled reply results to perfect defense system.

BACKGROUND: In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that polyetheretherketone (PEEK) polymer is the best cervical fusion cage material due to its good biocompatibility, elastic modulus similar to human bone, and satisfactory plasticity and hardness.OBJECTIVE: To assess the outcomes of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage filled with nano-artificial bone following anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.METHODS: In total 17 patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy were collected from the Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University between May 2007 and September 2009. There were 12 males and 5 females,averaging 55 (range 42-67) years of age. All patients underwent ACDF using PEEK cage filled with nano-artificial bone. Patients'neurological functions were assessed on the basis of Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scoring system. The distance between the midpoint of the upper end plate and lower end plate was measured as interboby height. Radiographs with the neck in lateral flexion and extension were obtained to evaluate fusion results.RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Seventeen patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy participated in the final analysis.Almost all patients had symptomatic improvement. Within postoperative several days, muscle strength of lower limb was increased, and limb was more flexible after surgery than prior to surgery. At 3 months after surgery, JOA scores were significantly increased compared to prior to surgery, the operated segments were stable and disc space height was satisfactory. In addition, no complications were found, and all cases achieved solid fusion, as confirmed by radiographs. These findings suggest that the immediate stability of the operated segments can be obtained by anchoring PEEK cage, and the nano-artificial bone-filled PEEK cage is safe, simple, and with relatively few complications. It is therefore a good choice for patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy.

Aim To investigate the protective effect of compound total flavonoids on atherosclerosis in ApoE -/- knockout mice.Methods Seven-week old C57BL/6 mice considered of the normal group (n =1 5 );seven-week old ApoE -/- mice were fed with high-fat diet and were assigned randomly into 5 groups:model group,simvastatin group,the low com-pound flavonoids group,the middle compound fla-vonoids group and the high compound flavonoids group.After 1 6 weeks,mice serum and aortas were harvested.The formation of atherosclerotic plaque was analyzed by HE staining,The serum level of lipids pro-files and superoxide dismutase (SOD )were deter-rnined.The levels of IL-1 βand NF-κB in serum were detected by ELISA assay.Results Area of atheroscle-rotic lesion was significantly less in the compound fla-vones group than in model.The level of TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1 β,NF-κB in serum of the compound flavonoids group were decreased significantly,while SOD and HDL-C increased significantly compared with the mod-el group,and the difference was significant (P <0.05).Conclusion The compound flavonoids have a good protective effect on early atherosclerosis in mice, which may be due to its alleviating effects on hyperlipi-demia and inflammation and oxidation.

0.05). In the anatomic plate group,2 cases developed loose of internal fixation,1 case of nail withdraw,without breakage,1 case of knee joint stiffness,1 case of traumatic arthritis in the knee joint. In the limited invasive stabilization system group,1 case affected traumatic arthritis in the knee joint. CONCLUSION:The therapeutic effects of anatomic plate and limited invasive stabilization system were similar in the treatment of complex tibial plateau fractures. Fixation materials should be selected according to the state of injury,bone conditions and economic status.

Objective To investigate the effects ofamiodarone (AMD) on simvastatin (SV) in human liver microsomes and the possible underlying mechanisms. Methods Time-, NADPH- and concentration-dependent inhibitions were tested in HLM. The logarithm of relative inhibition values was plotted versus preincubation time (0, 5, 10, 15, 20min) for a series concentration of AMD used (0, 2, 5,25, 50 μ mol/L), and the slopes determined by linear regression. These slope values represente the observed inactivation rate constants (kobs). A double-reciprocal plot was then constructed using the reciprocal of the ko～ (y-axis) and the reciprocal of the associated inhibitor concentration (x-axis) to estimate the values ofkinact and K, which were two principal kinetic constants that were specific for mechanism-based inhibition (MBI).drug-drug interactions (DDI) potential was predicted based on in vitro data and by using the in vitro-in vivo extrapolation. Results The time-, concentration- and NADPH-dependent charactga'istics confirmed that when SV was the substrate of CYP3A4, the inhibition of AMD to CYP3A4 is MBI. Kj and kinact value were calculated to be 5.1 μ mol/L and 0.018min-1 The Clint of SV was reduced 2.96-5.63 fold when it was administrated with AMD. Conclusion Based on the results, AMD would inhibit SV metabolism via the mechanism-based manner, which would lead to DDI when they are taken together. Careful clinical observation is recommended when AMD and SV have to be simultaneously prescribed.

Objective To explore the pathway relationship among self consistency and congruence,life events and mental health,and to supply dependable data to psychotherapy and counseling about pilots.Methods Altogether 428 air force pilots were evaluated in air force Hangzhou sanatorium using self consistency and congruence scale (SCCS),life events scale(LES)and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90).Spearman correlation analysis, one-sample t-test analysis and pathway analysis were used by soft package for social science version 15.0(SPSS 15.0)and AMOSv7.0.Results The results showed that there were significant relationships between all factors of self consistency and congruence and some factors of stressful life events(r=0.134～0.445);there were significant relationships between all factors of self consisteney and congruence and all factors of SCL-90(r=0.110～0.446); and negative life events of family,negative life events of work and negative life events of social communication were all had highly significant relationships with all factors of SCL-90(r=0.248～0.628).The pathway coefficient between life event and mental health Was B=0.39,P<0.01.The pathway coefficient among self consistency and congruence, life event and mental health were B=0.38,B=0.35,P<0.01,and the total adjust effects was 13.3%.Conclusion Self consistency and congruence is a important adjust variable between life events and mental health, can lighten the impact between life events and mental health.

Traditional herbal medicines, Panax ginseng, Panax quinquefolium and Panax notoginseng, attract our attention for their extensive and powerful pharmacological activities. Ginsenosides are the main active constituents of these medicinal herbs. The related glycosyltransferases involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis are the key enzymes which catalyze the last important step. Modification of ginsenoside aglycones by glycosyltransferases produces the complexity and diversity of ginsenosides, which have more extensive pharmacological activity. At present, ginsenoside aglycones and compound K have been obtained by synthetic biology. As the last step of ginsenoside biosynthesis, glycosylation of ginsenoside aglycones has been studied intensively in recent years. This review summarizes the basic strategies and research advances in studies on glycosyltransferases involved in ginsenoside biosynthesis, which is expected to lay the theoretical foundation for the in-depth research of biosynthetic pathway of ginsenosides and their production by synthetic biology.
Biosynthetic Pathways ; Ginsenosides ; biosynthesis ; Glycosyltransferases ; metabolism ; Panax ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Synthetic Biology

Pichia pastoris is one of the most important systems used in the field of molecular biology for the expression of recombinant proteins. The system has advantages of high expression, high stability, high secretion, easy high-density fermentation and low cost. Many factors affect the expression of recombinant protein, such as gene copy number, codon usage preference, type of promoter, molecular chaperones, glycosylation, signal peptide and fermentation process. In this review, research advances of the above aspects are summarized, which lay a foundation for improving the expression of recombinant proteins in P. pastoris.
Fermentation ; Gene Dosage ; Glycosylation ; Molecular Chaperones ; Pichia ; metabolism ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Sorting Signals ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis