Aged ; Aortic Valve Insufficiency ; diagnostic imaging ; Echocardiography ; Humans ; Male

AIM:To determine the optimal extraction of effective component from Swertia chirayita(Roxb.ex Flemi) Karsten in Tibet. METHODS: HPLC method was used to determine the yield rate and mango glucoside content,the preference extract methods,extraction solvents and extraction method of Swertia chirayita(Roxb.ex Flemi) Karsten were chose by parallel comparative method. RESULTS: 75% ethanol was used to extract medicine materials by Percolate,the flow rate was 4 mL/min/kg,collecting 6 times liquor after percolate. CONCLUSION: The extraction method is simple and convenient,furthermore the extract stability is good too.

Educational Measurement ; Humans ; Inservice Training ; Pneumoconiosis ; diagnosis ; Reference Standards

Objective To explore the effect of the treatment for the old deltoid ligament injuries by TwinFix suture anchors fixation along with overlap suturing.Methods Totally the data of 17 patients with old deltoid ligament injury was retrospectively reviewed who received treatment from January 2007 to December 2011.There were 11 males and 5 females,with an average age of 32.1 years (range,18-58 years).All of them had ankle sprain histories with the duration ranging from 7-25 months (average,14.2 months).All patients received weight-bearing X-ray,bilateral anterior-posterior (AP) and oblique radiography,MRI and ultrasound examinations before operation.Further arthroscopic examination was performed to confirm the diagnosis and debrided the intra-articular proliferative synovial tissue as well as injured articular cartilage for the patients after they were diagnosed with deltoid ligament injury.Open surgeries were performed though an incision on the medial ankle space.Residual ligament and scar tissue were cleaned.Old avulsion fractures of medial ankle tip were removed in 2 cases.The deep layer of ruptured deltoid ligament was sutured onto the tip of medial malleolus while the superficial layer was overlapped and sutured to the periosteum of medial ankle.Anchors were then utilized to fix the ligament.The clinical outcomes were evaluated based on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) ankle and hiodfoot score system.Results The follow-up duration of the 17 patients were 12-34 months with an average of 20.1 months.Both image evidences and intraoperative findings revealed the injury and scarring of deltoid ligament.The angle between long axis of talus and first metatarsal and the angle of hindfoot alignment in Saltzrnan view reduced from 5.4°±1.8°,8.2°± 2.6° before surgery to 4.0°±0.9° and 5.3°±1.3° after surgery respectively.The mean AOFAS hindfoot score before operation was 76.8±7.0 and increased to 94.1±3.3 at the last follow-up.There were ten cases receiving excellent effect,6 good and 1 moderate.The good and excellent rate was 94.1％ (16/17).All the 17 patients achieved paiu relief and none had recurrent injury till the last follow-up.Conclusion TwinFix suture anchor fixation along with overlap suturing was an effective way in dealing with old deltoid ligament injury cases.

Polymorphism, Genetic ; Gene Frequency ; China ; Genetics, Population ; Microsatellite Repeats/genetics*

Objective:To investigate the changes of thymic lymphocyte procyanidin(TSLP)and interleukin-4(IL-4),interleukin-10(IL-10)and interleukin-13(IL-13)in the lung tissue of young rats infected with respiratory syncytial virus,and to investigate the changes of TSLP and Th2 Correlation.Methods:18 Wistar rats were randomly divided into RSV infection group and normal group,9 rats in each group.Application of RSV virus droplets nasal modeling,saline diarrhea as a control.The lung tissue of rats was taken for pathological observation;the load of syncytial virus at different time points and the expression of TSLP in lung tissue were detected by Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(q-PCR);at the same time,the expression of TSLP at the protein level was detected by Western blot.The levels of cytokines IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13 in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).And the relationship between TSLP and IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13 was analyzed by Spearman correlation.Results:Compared with the normal control group,the rats in the model group showed symptoms such as poor mental state,rough hair,decreased activity and shortness of breath after intranasal infection,and the symptoms were aggravated.Pathological observation showed that the alveolar wall was thickened in the model group,and a large number of lymphocytes,plasma cells,eosinophil infiltration.q-PCR was used to detect the syncytial virus load in model group,and reached the peak at about 5 days,then decreased gradually.RSV infection increased the secretion of TSLP in rat respiratory tract.q-PCR and Western blot showed that TSLP concentration in model group was higher than that in control group(P<0.05).The levels of IL-4,IL-10 and IL-13 in the serum of the model group were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Spearman correlation analysis showed that TSLP was positively correlated with IL-4 and IL-10 expression in RSV model group,and there was no correlation between TSLP and IL-13 expression.Conclusion:RSV infection in rat lung tissue can induce increased expression of TSLP,while promoting the occurrence of Th2 type of inflammatory response and the expression of related cytokines,in order to further study of RSV infection caused by bronchiolitis and asthma and other respiratory diseases,the mechanism of action and clinical treatment laid the foundation.

Objective To study the localizations and the quantity of GnRH receptor in stomach of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats under stress.Methods The model of stress SD rats was established by fear. Then, stomachs were taken from the rats in acute stress group (2h-12h), chronic stress group (1d-4w) and the control group respectively.The localizations and the quantity of GnRH receptor in stomachs were detected using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting.Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that immunoreactivity of GnRH receptor was displayed in the gastric parietal cells and the epithelial cells of the gastric pits in stomachs of rats in all groups. The immunoreactive materials were distributed in membrane and cytoplasm of all positive cells, but not in nuclei. Meanwhile, the results of Western blotting showed that the number of GnRH receptor decreased significantly when SD rats were in stress from 2h to 2w (P

Adult ; Dental Implantation, Endosseous ; instrumentation ; Dental Implants ; Female ; Humans ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; Orthodontic Appliance Design

OBJECTIVEIn recent years, abnormal changes in the endocannabinoid system have been found in schizophrenia. The superior temporal gyrus (STG) is strongly implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, particularly with regards to auditory hallucinations. In this study, we investigated the binding density of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the STG of schizophrenia patients compared to control subjects.

METHODSQuantitative autoradiography was used to investigate the binding densities of [(3)H]SR141716A (a selective antagonist) and [(3)H]CP-55940 (an agonist) to the CB1 receptors in the STG. Post-mortem brain tissue was obtained from the NSW Tissue Resource Centre (Australia).

RESULTSContrasting to previous findings in the alterations of CB1 receptor densities in the prefrontal, anterior and posterior cingulate cortex of schizophrenia, which were suggested to be associated to impairment of cognition function, no significant difference was found between the schizophrenia and control cases in both [(3)H]SR141716A and [(3)H]CP-55940 binding.

CONCLUSIONWe suggest that CB1 receptors in the STG are not involved in the pathology of schizophrenia and the auditory hallucination symptom of this disease.

Adult ; Aged ; Autoradiography ; Case-Control Studies ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors ; metabolism ; Reference Values ; Schizophrenia ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Temporal Lobe ; metabolism

BACKGROUND: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) is one of important cytokines to promote the maturation of dendritic cells. Blockage of TNF-α action by binding with soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNFR1) may arrest dendritic cells in an immature state and induce stable, long-term tolerance. OBJECTIVE: To construct the lentiviral vectors carrying sTNFR1 gene and investigate sTNFR1 expression in immature dendritic cells. METHODS: Total RNA of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was taken as a template. The sTNFR1 gene fragment was amplified by RT-PCR, subcloned to the lentiviral vectors pXZ208, and ligated to the enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) reporter gene to establish lentiviral vector, called pXZ9-sTNFR1. DNA sequencing was performed for lentiviral vector identification. Lentivirus was prepared by transfection of 293 FT cells with pXZ9-sTNFR1. Viral titer was determined by eGFP expression. C57BL/6 mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells were in vitro cultured with low-dose granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factors and interleukin 4. On day 5 of culture, immature dendritic cells were transfected with pXZ9-sTNFR1 recombinant lentiviral supernatant, sTNFR1 transcription was detected by RT-PCR, sTNFR1 protein expression by Western blot analysis. Following sTNFR1 gene modification and lipopolysaccharide stimulation, the phenotype characteristics of dendritic cells were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Recombinant plasmid pXZ9-sTNFR1 was successfully constructed. Twenty-four hours after 293 FT cell transfection, eGFP expression was observed and viral titer was over 10<'6> U/L. RT-PCR demonstrated that pXZ9-sTNFRl-transfected immature dendritic cells showed sTNFR1 positive expression. Western blot analysis revealed that sTNFR1 protein appeared in the immature dendritic cells and supernatant following 293 FT cell transfection. On day 5 of culture, dendritic cells expressed low level of class Ⅱ major histocompatibility complex (MHC Ⅱ), as well as CD40, CD86, CD80, molecules. However, following lipopolysaccharide stimulation, dendritic cells expressed high level of MHC Ⅱ, as well as CD40, CD80, and CD86, molecules, exhibiting the phenotype characteristics of mature dendritic cells. But after sTNFR modification, the expression level of MHC Ⅱ, as well as CD40, CD80, and CD86, molecules was not altered obviously. Lentiviral vectors carrying sTNFR1 gene and eGFP reporter gene were successfully constructed, and recombinant lentiviral plasmids with high titer were acquired. Following high efficacy of lentiviral gene transfection, immature dendritic cells stably express sTNFR1 mRNA and protein, which prevents immature dendritic cells from activation by exogenous lipopolysaccharide and maintains the immature state.