Science Spirti play a important role in promoting moral standardization and the comcept development.The implication of science to seek truth,rational,criticize and suspicion,freedomand creating,which possesses important significance to cllture value sense of professional ethics of physicians to save life by loveheart,uphold truth,dedceating ond self to medical cause,and to promote sociatist medical moral progress.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplantation recipients.Method The clinical data of 8 renal transplantation recipients suffering from pulmonary tuberculosis infection were retrospectively analyzed.Result Fever,cough and expectoration were the most common symptoms,however,lacking typicality.Images of chest Xray and CT scan were various and couldn't verify TB infection from pneumonia.Seven of 8 cases were diagnosed through invasive methods,either bronchofibroscope or fiberthoracoscopy.Immunosuppressants were decreased in all cases.Three-drug regimens,including isoniazide,rifampicin and ethambutol or pyrazinarnide,were administrated as anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy.All the cases were cured,without episodes like acute rejection and liver function impairment.Conclusion Routine examinations are not sufficient to diagnose pulmonary tuberculosis in kidney transplantation recipients.While,invasive methods like bronchofibroscope and fiberthoracoscope are helpful.When diagnosed,patients should receive normative anti-tuberculosis treatment and immunosuppressive agents adjustment,which can benefit the prognosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in renal transplantation recipients.

ObjectiveTo study the relationship between 18F-FDG uptake and tumor cell density,glucose transporter expression,cellular proliferation and angiogenesis before and after radiotherapy in C6 glioma rats.MethodsThirty C6 glioma-bearing male SD rats were randomly divided into three groups:A,B and C ( 10 rats in each group).Two weeks later,18F-FDG PET/CT was performed in group A.In groups B and C,18 F-FDG PET/CT was performed at 48 h and 1 week after radiotherapy,respectively.The ratio of SUVmax of tumor to muscle (T/M) was calculated.HE staining,immunohistochemical staining and Western blot were used to measure tumor cell density,Ki67 labeling index ( LI),microvessel density ( MVD),Glut-1 and VEGF expression quantitatively.The one-way analysis of variance and bivariate correlation analysis were used to compare the changes of each indicator and evaluate the correlation between T/M and biological indicators,respectively.Results Significant differences of T/M,tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD,Glut-1 and VEGF among groups A,B and C were observed ( F =6.77,60.66,104.56,95.49,9.13,24.48,respectively,all P ＜0.05).Least significant difference (LSD) test showed that there was no significant difference between group A and B in T/M,tumor cell density and Ki67 LI ( 10.86 ± 3.31,730.50 ± 78.93,20.02 ± 2.14 vs 9.23 ± 4.56,672.70 ± 92.98,18.56 ± 2.26).However,the indicators of group C (5.16 ± 2.52,355.60 ± 72.62,7.81 ± 1.76 ) were significantly decreased compared with those of groups A and B (all P ＜0.05 ).MVD and Glut-1 expression of group B increased slightly compared with those of group A ( 19.50 ± 1.96,0.20 ± 0.09 vs 17.90 ± 2.02,0.15 ± 0.04),but the difference was not statistically significant.Nevertheless,the two indicators were significantly decreased in group C ( 8.40 +1.84 and 0.07 ±0.06,P ＜0.05).VEGF expression in group B (0.42 ±0.13) was significantly higher than that in groups A and C (0.17 ±0.04 and 0.16 ± 0.09) ( both P ＜ 0.05 ).The changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density between groups A and B ( r =O.81,P ＜ 0.05 ).Changes of T/M were positively correlated with the changes of tumor cell density,Ki67 LI,MVD and Glut-1 between groups A and C (r =O.83,0.71,0.68,0.62,all P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionsThe changes of 18 F-FDG uptake in C6 glioma rats were only correlated to the changes of tumor cell density at 48 h after radiotherapy.However,the changes of 18F-FDG uptake closely correlate to the changes of a variety of biological indicators at 1 week post radiotherapy.

Objective To investigate the relationship between concentration change of serum 5‐hydroxy tryptamine and clinical symptoms improvement in primary premature ejaculation with the treatment of paroxitine .Methods 81 cases of lifelong PE and an intra‐vaginal ejaculation latency time (IELT ) ≤60 s were included in this study .Subjects were divided into 2 groups according to the IELT ,group A (IELT≤30 s) and group B (30 s

Objective To investigate the comparison of volume of epicardium adipose tissue and calcification score on evaluating the degree of coronary artery stenosis(CHD).Methods Two hundred and ten cases with suspected coronary artery disease scanned by the 64 multi slice CT (MSCT) were selected as our subjects.One hundred and forty-five cases were diagnosed non coronary heart disease by with ＜ 50％ coronary artery stenosis by coronary angiography and served as non-CHD group.Other 55 cases were diagnosed as CHD with coronary artery stenosis ≥ 50％ and served as CHD group.The volume of epicardium adipose tissue and calcification score of all cases were calculated with Siemens definition workstation.Results The volume of epicardium adpose tissue and calcification score in patients of CHD group were (117.3 ± 57.6) cm3 and (413.3 ± 670.5) ％,significant different from that of non-CHD group ((100.0 ± 46.5) cm3,(36.2 ± 118.5).The differences were statistically significant (t =2.316,6.564; P ＜ 0.05,P ＜ 0.01).ROC curves showed that the sensitivity and specificity of calcification score were higher than the methods of volume of epicardium adipose tissue in terms of the diagnosis of stenosis and coronary artery disease.Conclusion Calcification score is proved to be a better method of predicting the coronary artery stenosis.

OBJECTIVEEndothelial apoptosis plays an important role in the initiation of atherosclerosis. It would be useful to clarify whether activation of non-neuronal muscarinic receptor (NNMR) could prevent endothelial apoptosis and atherosclerosis. We investigated the effects of NNMR activation on regulating rat aortic endothelial cells (RAECs) apoptosis induced by homocysteine, an independent risk factor of atherosclerosis, and further studied its molecular mechanism.

METHODSRAECs were incubated using homocysteine at the concentration of 2.7 mmol/L for 36 h. RAECs were also pre-treated with carbachol or arecoline to examine their effects. RT-PCR was used to assess changes in the gene expression related to cell apoptosis.

RESULTSIncubation of RAECs with homocysteine at the concentration of 2.7 mmol/L resulted in morphologic changes, such as cellular shrinkage, membrane blebbing, chromatin condensation and margination. These could be attenuated by pretreatment with carbachol and arecoline at the concentration of 10 micromol/L for 12 h. Homocysteine induced apoptosis in RAECs and the molecular mechanisms were associated with the regulation of fas, fas-L and caspase-8 in the death receptor pathway, bcl-2, bcl-xL and bax in the mitochondrial pathway, caspase-12 in the endoplasmic reticulum pathway and caspase-3, caspase-6 and p53 as downstream effectors. Carbachol and arecoline attenuated the effects of homocysteine on genes in the death receptor pathway, in the mitochondrial pathway and in the downstream pathway. Atropine could reverse all of the effects of arecoline.

CONCLUSIONActivation of NNMR by carbacol and arecoline inhibits homocysteine-induced endothelial cell apoptosis mainly through regulation of death receptor pathway, mitochondrial pathway and downstream effectors.

Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Apoptosis ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Arecoline ; Carbachol ; Cell Cycle ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Homocysteine ; adverse effects ; Mitochondria ; metabolism ; Rats ; Receptors, Muscarinic ; metabolism

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of progressive hemorrhagic injury (PHI) after traumatic brain injury. Methods The medical records of 127 patients with traumatic brain injury (n=49 in PHI group and n=78 in non-PHI group) were reviewed. The relationship between PHI and influencing factors including sex, age, Glasgow coma scale, time from injury to first CT, traumatic subaraehnoid hemorrhage (tSAH), prothrombin time(PT),activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) was analyzed. Results The time for first CT was(1.39± 1.27) h in PHI group and (2.91±1.85) h in non-PHI group (t=2.14, P<0.05). 35 cases of PHI group developed tSAH and 37 of non-PHI group developed tSAH (χ2=7.06, P<0.05). Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that the time for first brain CT after injury and the patients accompanied with tSAH were associated with PHI after traumatic brain injury (OR=0.558,95 % CI 0.329-0.946, OR=13.000,95 % CI 1.187-142.354, P<0.05 for each). Conclusions Time from injury to first CT and tSAH can be prognostic factors for PHI.

China ; Information Systems ; Occupational Health Services ; organization & administration ; standards

Objective To investigate the role of potassium channel in remifentanil-induced prolongation of monophasic action potential duration (MAPD) in the myocardium of rabbits.Methods Eighteen adult rabbit hearts successfully perfused in a Langendorff apparatus were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =6 each) using a random number table:control group (group C),remifentanil group (group R),and K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium group (group T).After 15 min stabilization with K-H solution,group C was continuously perfused with K-H solution for 60 min,and R and T groups were perfused with KH solution containing 12 ng/ml remifentanil and 10 ng/ml tetraethylammonium,respectively,for 60 min.At 15 min of stabilization,and 15,30 and 60 min of perfusion,heart rate,MAPD of all the three layers of the myocardium in the anterior wall of the left ventricular was recorded.MAPD at 50％ and 90％ repolarization (MAPD50,MAPD90) were calculated.Results Compared with group C,heart rate was significantly decreased,MAPD50 and MAPD90 were prolonged in R and T groups (P ＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which remifentanil prolongs MAPD in the myocardium of rabbits is associated with blockade of the potassium channels.

Objective To investigate the change of serum Tg levels of DTC patients with positive stimulated Tg (Tg ≥ 10.00 μg/L),negative 131I-diagnostic whole body scan(Dx-WBS) and no distant metastasis 6 months after initial 131I therapy.Methods Fifty-six DTC patients (20 males,36 females,average age 43.11 (21-70) y) with intermediate or low risk of recurrence according to American Thyroid Association (ATA) guideline were enrolled into the retrospective study.All patients were grouped according to stimulated Tg level after initial 131I therapy:group with positive Tg (Tg+ group,n =19) and group with negative Tg (Tgˉ group,n=37).Changes of suppressed Tg at 1 year and 2.5 years (Tg1ysup and Tg2.5ysup) after initial therapy were compared between the two groups.Serum TSH level,TgAb level,neck ultrasound and chest CT results were also evaluated.The two-sample t test and x2 test were used for statistical analysis with SPSS 17.0.Results Stimulated Tg and Tglysup levels in Tg+ group were remarkably higher than those in Tgˉ group:(24.27±4.10) μg/L vs (2.73±3.01) μg/L,t=7.191,P＜0.05(6 months after initial 131I therapy) ; (2.21±0.55) vs (0.48±0.10) μg/L,t=3.102,P＜0.05(1 year after initial 131I therapy),respectively.In Tg+ group,suppressed Tg level decreased with time in 68.4％ (13/19) of patients,of whom the Tg2.5ysup level was much lower than Tglysup level ((0.53±0.15) μg/L vs (1.38±0.50) μg/L).Tg2.5sup level in Tg+ group became comparable to that in Tgˉ group ((1.44±0.52) μg/L vs (0.38±0.07) μg/L; t =2.001,P＞0.05).In each group,one case of recurrence with suppressed Tg of 1.4 μg/L and 0.1 μg/L respectively,was observed using neck ultrasound after 2 years of follow-up.Conclusions Serum Tg levels decreased with time for Tg+/131I-Dx-WBS-DTC patients with intermediate or low risk of recurrence.It might not be necessary to follow up these patients with Tg and 131 I-DxWBS after 6 months of initial 131I therapy.