Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Hemangioma, Cavernous ; surgery ; Humans ; Infant ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; surgery

Objective To develop a sinusoidal alternating magnetic field therapy system in order to overcome the disadvantages of the single output frequency and the low effective value of the output magnetic field strength of the alternating magnetic field therapy system in the market,of which the frequency and magnetic density both were continuously adjustable. Methods Multi winding Helmholtz coil was used as the magnetic field generator.On the basis of inverter technology,bipolar equivalent area method considering dead zone and variable speed integral incremental PID control algorithm were used to achieve the accuracy control of magnetic frequency and density in the coil.The accuracy of the resulting waveform and the accuracy of the magnetic field strength was verified by simulation calculation and system current and magnetic field strength test.Results The magnetic field treatment system gained high performance,total harmonic distortion (THD)of sine wave met the requirements of international standards.The obtained magnetic density was as expected of the simulation and calculation. Conclusion The device provides continuously adjustable magnetic field,which has a positive effect on the research for the medical staff, and technical references are provided to the research of magnetic field therapy system.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the delayed cardioprotection induced by remifentanil in intact rat ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) models.

METHODSTotally 42 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-300 g were randomly divided into 7 groups (n = 6 in each group): In Group I, rats were injected with normal saline via tail vein, performed with the regimen of 3 x 5-min intravenous (i.v.) infusion at a rate of 0.1 ml x kg(-1) min(-1) 24 h before I/R; In Group II, rats were treated according to the same experimental protocols as in Group I except receiving additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before normal saline pretreatment; In Groups III, IV, V, and VI, rats were treated with remifentanil via tail vein, performed with the regime of 3 x 5-min i.v. infusion at a rate of 2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h before I/R; In Group VII, the rats were treated according to the same experimental protocols as in Group IV except that they received additional naloxone (0.1 mg/kg) 10 minutes before remifentanil pretreatment. Heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), and a lead II electrocardiogram were continuously monitored during IR process. To determine plasma concentration of creatine kinase myocardial isoenzyme-MB (CK-MB), arterial blood samples were obtained immediately before ischemia, and at the end of ischemia and reperfusion. After a 120-min reperfusion, heart was removed for the measurement of myocardial infarct size. Infarct size (IS) was expressed as percentage of the area at risk.

RESULTSHR, MAP, and rate-pressure product were not significantly different at each time points among all groups (P > 0.05). Compared with Group I, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion and myocardial infarct size were significantly lower in Groups IV and V (P < 0.05). Compared with Group IV, plasma concentrations of CK-MB at the end of ischemia and reperfusion were significantly higher and myocardial infarct size was significantly larger in Group VII (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONRemifentanil preconditioning induces delayed cardioprotection in intact rat ischemia-reperfusion model, which may be triggered via opioid receptors.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Ischemic Preconditioning, Myocardial ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDThe use of traditional techniques (such as landmark techniques, paresthesia and peripheral nerve stimulator) for upper-limb anesthesia has often been restricted to the expert or enthusiast, which was blind. Recently, ultrasound (US) has been applied to differ blood vessel, pleura and nerve, thus may reduce the risk of complications while have a high rate of success. The aim of this study was to determine if the use of ultrasound guidance (vs. peripheral nerve stimulator, (PNS)) decreases risk of vascular puncture, risk of hemi-diaphragmatic paresis and risk of Horner syndrome and improves the success rate of nerve block.

METHODSA search strategy was developed to identify randomized control trials (RCTs) reporting on complications of US and PNS guidance for upper-extremity peripheral nerve blocks (brachial plexus) in adults available through PubMed databases, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Embase databases, SinoMed databases and Wanfang data (date up to 2011-12-20). Two independent reviewers appraised eligible studies and extracted data. Risk ratios (OR) were calculated for each outcome and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI) with the software of Review Manager 5.1.0 System (Cochrane Library).

RESULTSSixteen trials involving 1321 adults met our criteria were included for analysis. Blocks performed using US guidance were more likely to be successful (risk ratio (RR) for block success 0.36, 95%CI 0.23 - 0.56, P < 0.00001), decreased incidence of vascular puncture during block performance (RR 0.13, 95%CI 0.06 - 0.27, P < 0.00001), decreased the risk of complete hemi-diaphragmatic paresis (RR 0.09, 95%CI 0.03 - 0.52, P = 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONSUS decreases risks of complete hemi-diaphragmatic paresis or vascular puncture and improves success rate of brachial plexus nerve block compared with techniques that utilize PNS for nerve localization. Larger studies are needed to determine whether or not the use of US can decrease risk of neurologic complications.

Brachial Plexus ; Humans ; Nerve Block ; methods ; Peripheral Nerves ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Ultrasonography, Interventional ; methods

Objective To explore the role of Santulli procedure enterostomy in treatment of high unformed small bowel fistula in children.Methods From May 2007 to Oct.2011,6 cases suffered with high unformed small bowel fistula were treated with Santulli procedure enterostomy.Five male and 1 female were involved and their ages were ranged from 15 days to 5 years.Results The mean time from final diagnosis of intestinal fistula to the definite operation was (52.33 ± 19.03) h,the distance between fistula to the ligament of Treize was (17.33 ± 4.68)cm,the output of enterostomy was (760.00 ± 107.56) mL/d.In the surgical explore,6 cases suffered intestinal adhesions but none of the cases could be separated,5 cases suffered severe and 1 case with moderate intra-abdominal pollution.The preoperative complications included 6 cases with incision infection,1 case with a fully dehiscence of incision,6 cases with generalized peritonitis,2 cases with impaired renal function,1 case with liver dysfunction,3 cases with systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome and sepsis respectively,1 case of incision infection appeared in post-operation.The pediatric critical illness scores and serum albumin of postoperative 3 days and 7 days were higher than those of preoperative (all P ＜0.05).None of the cases suffered the anastomotic leak.The nutrition and growth were normal during the follow-up period of 8 months to 2 years.Conclusions Santulli procedure enterostomy is suitable in treatment of high unformed small bowel fistula in children,and the early performance will improve prognosis.

Objective To explore the clinical data of the pediatric malignant solid tumor and to summarize the experiences of the pediatric malignant solid tumor treatment in Guangxi.Methods The clinical data of 323 cases of pediatric malinant solid tumor,treated surgically in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from Dec.1988 to Dec.2008.Pathology,sex,age,clinical characteristics,diagnosis and treatment were analysed respectively.Results The most frequent histological types were malignant lymphoma,Wilms tumor,neuroblastoma and malignant germ cell tumor.There was a male prevalence with a sex-ratio of 1.99 ∶ 1.The peak incidence in embryo tumor was under 3 years,and epithelium cancer was between the ages of 10-13 years.The main symptoms were palpable mass (56.3) and a few were found in health examination ;64.2％ of the pediatric malignant solid tumor was of stage Ⅲ or Ⅳ ;the complete tumor resection rate was 78.4％.Conclusions The characteristics of pediatric malignant solid tumor is different from those of adults.To detect as soon as possible and treat the pediatric malignant tumor as soon as possible depends on screening.Combined modality therapy can improve the patients complete resection rate and survival quality of the patients.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms in different genders, age groups and seasons in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and the relationship between the distribution of pathogenic microorganisms and clinical features.

METHODSA total of 1,155 children with CAP were enrolled, among whom there were 670 boys and 485 girls, with a mean age of 3.1±2.8 years (range: one month to 14 years). Indirect immunofluorescence assay, particle agglutination test, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, colloidal gold method. and bacterial culture were applied to determine common respiratory pathogenic microorganisms in sputum, throat swabs, blood samples, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and urine.

RESULTSA total of 758 specimens (65.63%) were tested positive by pathogen detection. The top three dominant pathogens were Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP, 43.64%), bacteria (15.12%), and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV, 9.26%), and the rate of mixed infection was 16.02%. The rates of MP infection between boys and girls with CAP were different (40.8% vs 47.6%; P<0.05). The MP detection rate was the highest in the age group of 6-14 years (77.4%) and the lowest in children younger than 1 year (11.2%), while the detection rates of bacteria and RSV were the highest in children younger than 1 year (21.2% and 17.2%, respectively). The MP detection rate was significantly higher in summer and autumn than in winter and spring, while the detection rates of bacteria and RSV in summer and autumn were significantly lower than those in winter and spring. Among children who were MP positive, fever, chills, cough, crackles were more likely to appear; children with RSV infection were more likely to have wheezes; children with bacterial infection were less likely to have cough. Serum levels of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin were associated with bacterial infection (OR=1.747 and 1.418, respectively; both P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSMP plays a more and more important role in the pathogenic microorganisms of CAP in children. Prevalence and outbreaks of MP infection among children should be alerted in summer and autumn. There are differences in the detection rate of various pathogenic microorganisms in CAP children with various age groups. The clinical features of children with CAP caused by different pathogenic microorganisms are different.

Adolescent ; Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; C-Reactive Protein ; analysis ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Community-Acquired Infections ; microbiology ; virology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pneumonia ; microbiology ; virology ; Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ; isolation & purification ; Seasons

Objective To study distributions of the residual stresses on blood vessel, and to provide the biomechanical basis for the finite element research on stress changes in blood vessel. Methods The semi-inverse method was used for getting distributions of residual stresses on blood vessel and the result was compared with that from Commercial Software ABAQUS. On that basis, the interaction between the vessel and implanted stent was simulated to get the influence of residual stress on blood vessel. Results Distributions of three normal stresses on blood vessel obtained from the two methods were almost consistent. It is the residual stress that led to the change of vessel stress distributions, and the position of maximal stress was transformed from the inside to the outside of the vessel. Conclusions Assuming that the vessel has homogeneity and isotropic, both the semi-inverse method and the finite element method would get the similar residual stress distributions; significant differences existed between the stress states of vessel with or without considering residual stress. The stress at the inside of vessel was reduced obviously. Consideration of residual stress will be helpful for understanding the real stress state of vessel after stent deployment and providing references for the optimization design of stent.

Tetramethylpyrazine is the main component of Ligusticum chuanxiong. Studies have found that tetramethylpyrazine has a good protective effect against cardiovascular diseases. In the heart, tetramethylpyrazine can reduce myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting oxidative stress, regulating autophagy, and inhibiting cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Tetramethylpyrazine can also reduce the damage of cardiomyocytes caused by inflammation, relieve the fibrosis and hypertrophy of cardiomyocytes in infarcted myocardium, and inhibit the expansion of the cardiac cavity after myocardial infarction. In addition, tetramethylpyrazine also has a protective effect on the improvement of familial dilated cardiomyopathy. Besides, the mechanisms of tetramethylpyrazine on blood vessels are more abundant. It can inhibit endothelial cell apoptosis by reducing oxidative stress, maintain vascular endothelial function and homeostasis by inhibiting inflammation and glycocalyx degradation, and protect vascular endothelial cells by reducing iron overload. Tetramethylpyrazine also has a certain inhibitory effect on thrombosis. It can play an anti-thrombotic effect by reducing inflammatory factors and adhesion molecules, inhibiting platelet aggregation, and suppressing the expression of fibrinogen and von Willebrand factor. In addition, tetramethylpyrazine can also reduce the level of blood lipid in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, inhibit the subcutaneous deposition of lipids, inhibit the transformation of macrophages into foam cells, and inhibit the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells, thereby reducing the formation of atherosclerotic plaque. In combination with network pharmacology, the protective mechanism of tetramethylpyrazine on the cardiovascular system may be mainly achieved through the regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt), hypoxia-inducible factor 1(HIF-1), and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) pathways. Tetramethylpyrazine hydrochloride and sodium chloride injection has been approved for clinical application, but some adverse reactions have been found in clinical application, which need to be paid attention to.
Mice ; Animals ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism* ; Myocardial Infarction ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; Thrombosis ; Inflammation ; Apoptosis

BACKGROUNDCerebral arteriovenous malformation (cAVM) is a type of vascular malformation associated with vascular remodeling, hemodynamic imbalance, and inflammation. We detected four angioarchitecture-related cytokines to make a better understanding of the potential aberrant signaling in the pathogenesis of cAVM and found useful proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage.

METHODSImmunohistochemical analysis was conducted on specimens from twenty patients with cAVM diagnosed via magnetic resonance imaging and digital subtraction angiography and twenty primary epilepsy controls using antibodies against vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). Western blotting and real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were performed to determine protein and mRNA expression levels. Student's t-test was used for statistical analysis.

RESULTSVEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS expression levels increased in patients with cAVM compared with those in normal cerebral vascular tissue, as determined by immunohistochemical analysis. In addition, Western blotting and real-time PCR showed that the protein and mRNA expression levels of VEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS were higher in the cAVM group than in the control group, all the differences mentioned were statistically significant (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSVEGFR-2, MMP-9, VCAM-1, and eNOS are upregulated in patients with cAVM and might play important roles in angiogenesis, vascular remodeling, and migration in patients with cAVM. MMP-9, VEGFR-2, VCAM-1, and eNOS might be potential excellent group proteins in predicting the risk of cerebral hemorrhage at arteriovenous malformation.