BACKGROUNDEarly enteral feeding (EF) may result in fever, elevated white blood cell count, increased serum levels of liver enzymes, and diarrhea. We name the complications "enteral refeeding syndrome", as a subtype of refeeding syndrome, because they are likely to result from long-term lack of lumen nutrition. The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of enteral refeeding syndrome after long-term total parenteral nutrition (TPN), and the solution for the disease.

METHODSWe collected the clinical data of 100 patients with gastrointestinal fistula, who were cured from Apirl 2001 to July 2002. Their fasting time, daily stool frequency, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, levels of transaminases, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), and gamma-glutamylcyclotransferase (gamma-GT), white blood cell count, and systemic inflammatory reaction syndrome (SIRS) score were recorded before and 1, 3, 5, 10, and 15 days after EF. Student's t test and analysis of variance were used to analyze the data.

RESULTSOf the 100 patients, 56 were cured after selective resection of intestinal fistula, 15 were cured by emergency operation, and 29 recovered spontaneously. The levels of AKP and gamma-GT increased significantly on the 3rd day after EF [On the 3rd day after EF, (243.0 +/- 121.6) U/L and (177.2 +/- 109.9) U/L vs. before EF (181.5 +/- 127.5) U/L and (118.4 +/- 94.2) U/L, P < 0.05], and decreased gradually afterwards. The SIRS scores on the 1st day (1.05 +/- 1.08) and 3rd day (0.96 +/- 1.11) after EF were significantly higher than that before EF (0.72 +/- 0.84), then decreased to 0.83 +/- 0.91, 0.49 +/- 0.73 and 0.32 +/- 0.60 on the 5th, 10th and 15th days after EF. The number of patients with diarrhea at 1, 3, 5, 10 and 15 days post-EF were 31, 26, 12, 13, and 7, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe longer the TPN lasts, the more severe the enteral refeeding syndrome becomes. Continuous EF is effective for the syndrome. Early enteral nutrition is useful in preventing it.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea ; etiology ; Enteral Nutrition ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Jaundice ; etiology ; Leukocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Parenteral Nutrition, Total ; adverse effects ; Syndrome ; Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome ; etiology ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood

OBJECTIVETo investigate the etiology and management of tertiary peritonitis in the patients with intestinal fistula.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-three cases of intestinal fistula complicated with tertiary peritonitis were reviewed. The microbiological characteristics, treatment Methods and outcomes were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 114 males and 39 females with a mean age of (42+/- 19) years. The main causes of intestinal fistula included gastrointestinal surgery (40.5%), trauma (31.4%) and severe pancreatitis (14.4%), etc. The most common cultured bacteria of 157 specimens from 79 patients with tertiary peritonitis were Escherichia coli (24.2%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.1%), Staphylococcus aureus (10.8%), Enterobacter cloacae (10.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (8.3%). Debridement of the necrotic tissues, drainage of the abscess, continuous rinsing plus negative pressure drainage and antibiotics treatment were performed in 52 cases. Nineteen patients only changed from simple tube drainage to continuous rinsing plus negative pressure drainage. Twenty- eight patients changed to continuous rinsing plus negative pressure drainage and received antibiotics as well. Thirty- six patients received antibiotics and ecoimmune nutrition, while 18 patients only received ecoimmun nutrition.

CONCLUSIONSIntestinal fistula complicated with tertiary peritonitis was mainly caused by residual infectious focus and inappropriate drainage. The rational treatments include reoperation for debridement of the necrotic and infectious tissues, changing drainage to continuous rinsing plus negative pressure drainage, appropriate usage of antibiotics, and ecoimmune nutrition.

Abdominal Cavity ; microbiology ; Adult ; Bacterial Infections ; complications ; therapy ; Drainage ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Intestinal Fistula ; complications ; microbiology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Peritonitis ; complications ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Objective To explore features and clinic values of LNR anatomy with multiple planar reconstruction techniques with 16-slice spiral CT at the same slice.Methods The lumbar vertebrae with normal adults of 55 cases and 23 cases with abnormal ENR caused by 8 cases with protrusion of lumbar disc, 5 cases with spinal stenosis,4 cases with malignant tumor,5 cases with trauma and 1 case with lumbar TB confirmed by operation were scanned with 16-slice spiral CT made in American GE company in routine posture of the lumbar vertebrae,reconstructed LNR with UNIX system in workstation (ADW 4.1),and analyzed their normal and abnormal anatomic manifestations at the same slice.Results All of LNR can symmetrically showed on oblique and coronal planes according to different segments:one segment from L1 to L5(55,100% ),two segments: from L1 to L2,L2 to L3 and L3 to L4(55,100% ),three segments: from L1 to L3 (49,88%),from L2to L4(46,84% )and from L3 to L5(20,36% ),four segments: from L1 to L4 (15,27% )and five segments:(8,15% ),respectively.Each LNR,including their whole shapes of passage from starting to end,direction,size,shape,tension and peripheral relationship and so on can showed clearly on oblique and coronal planes and on other planes. However,the later planes can increase LNR but decreasing numbers of LNR and especially increase very long one LNR reconstruction.Primary manifestation of all diseases can be showed on oppressing along its walking line,meanwhile,20 cases with adhesion, 14 cases with displacement,13 cases atrophy and 9 cases with increasing diameter.Conclusions Image anatomy features of full LNR with 16-slice spiral CT with the multiple plane reconstruction techniques is very ideal ways at the same slice.It is a very valuable way to make diagnosis and treatment of LNR diseases.The concept of"road sing"and showing"at the same slice"of LNR are tried to rise from in order to make foundation for studying their image.

Cord Blood Stem Cell Transplantation ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Osteopetrosis ; therapy

OBJECTIVE: Clinical presentation and physical signs may be unreliable in the diagnosis of stercoral colitis (SC). This study evaluates the value of computed tomography (CT) in distinguishing fatal from non-fatal SC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients diagnosed as SC were obtained from inter-specialist conferences. Additional 13 patients with suspected SC were identified via the Radiology Information System (RIS). These patients were divided into two groups; fatal and non-fatal SCs. Their CT images are reviewed by two board-certified radiologists blinded to the clinical data and radiographic reports. RESULTS: SC occurred in older patients and displayed no gender predisposition. There was significant correlation between fatal SC and CT findings of dense mucosa (p = 0.017), perfusion defects (p = 0.026), ascites (p = 0.023), or abnormal gas (p = 0.033). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of dense mucosa were 71%, 86%, and 81%, respectively. These figures were 75%, 79%, and 77% for perfusion defects; 75%, 80%, and 78% for ascites; and 50%, 93%, and 78% for abnormal gas, respectively. Each CT sign of mucosal sloughing and pericolonic abscess displayed high specificity of 100% and 93% for diagnosing fatal SC, respectively. However, this did not reach statistical significance in diagnosing fatal SC. CONCLUSION: CT appears to be valuable in discriminating fatal from non-fatal SC.
Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Colitis/mortality/*radiography ; Contrast Media/diagnostic use ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Fecal Impaction/mortality/*radiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Sensitivity and Specificity ; Statistics, Nonparametric ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/*methods