OBJECTIVETo explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution features of Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses.

METHODSRecruited were 277 patients with confirmative diagnosis of JE from Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Fifth People's Hospital of Guiyang City, Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, and Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases between July to September 2012. Chinese medical syndrome distribution features were summarized from their general materials and detailed records of clinical data, including medical history, symptoms and signs, tongue fur, and pulse figures.The frequency of symptoms and signs was calculated according to mild, ordinary, severe, extreme severe degrees. The distribution of Chinese medical syndromes was summarized. And its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses were analyzed.

RESULTSAfter clustering analysis, Chinese medical syndromes of JE could be categorized as four groups: toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei syndrome (TAFWS), brain collateral impaired by poison syndrome (BCIPS), depression of toxicity in the pericardium syndrome (DTPS), exhaustion of yin and yang syndrome (EYYS). BCIPS and DTPS were dominated, accounting for 74.0% (205 cases). The main causes covered evil of summer heat [accounting for 92.42% (256/277 cases)], heat [accounting for 87.73% (243/277 cases)], and toxin [accounting for 99.64% (276/277 cases)].

CONCLUSIONSThe four Chinese medical syndrome types of JE met Chinese medical clinical features of encephalitis. It is induced by infestation of dampness-heat, resulting in toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei, brain collateral impaired by poison, depression of toxicity in the pericardium. Yin fluid and blood is exhausted as time goes by. Qi and yin are impaired to form intermingled deficiency and excess, and finally causing exhaustion of yin and yang.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

Objective To study the clinical effect of minimally invasive resection of spleen in the upper margin of the spleen pedicle. Methods 152 patients underwent splenectomy were enrolled in this study from June 2012 to June 2017. All patients underwent laparoscopic splenectomy. Among the 118 patients, the spleen pedicle was removed from the spine pedicle of the spleen pedicle and the spleen pedicle was taken as the control group. Comparison of the two groups of patients with perioperative period, 7 d postoperative hematological indicators and complications occurred. Results The intraoperative blood loss (51.85 ± 27.14) ml, the operation time (69.39 ± 19.34) min and the transfer rate (0.84%) were lower in the observation group than those in the control group (82.67 ± 36.29) ml, (119.44 ± 23.73) min and (8.82%), the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in the time of first anal exhaust, food time and hospitalization time (P > 0.05). The levels of blood white blood cell count (WBC) (4.32 ± 1.14) ×109/L, hemoglobin (Hb) (125.37 ± 18.28) g/L and platelet (PLT) were significantly higher than those in the observation group (378.28±112.94) (P < 0.05) were significantly higher than those in the control group (3.28 ± 1.05) ×109/L, (97.23 ± 22.43) g/L and (239.42 ± 134.82) ×109/L, respectively. The incidence of pancreatic fistula, abdominal hemorrhage, portal vein thrombosis, infection and intestinal obstruction was significantly lower in the observation group than in the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Splenectomy of splenic pedicle in spleen splenectomy can reduce the intraoperative blood loss and transfer rate, reduce the operation time and reduce the incidence of postoperative complications. It can be further promoted in clinical and use.

This study aims to investigate the targets and targets-involved mechanism for the macrophage activation of low molecular weight saccharides from Cistanche deserticola (LMSC). The phagocytic activity and NO release of RAW264.7 cells were detected, and results showed that LMSC exerts immune activation effect by significantly increasing the phagocytic activity and NO release. LMSC-conjugated epoxy-activated sepharose beads were prepared as affinity reagent to capture the target proteins. Twenty-four proteins such as Eef2 were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis. Pathway enrichment analysis showed LMSC activated RAW264.7 cells by regulating Fcgamma receptor dependent phagocytosis, TNF-alpha NF-κB signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and the citric acid cycle and respiratory electron transport pathway.

To investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanism of Cistanche tubulosa ethanol extract( CTEE) against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion( OGD/R)-induced PC12 cells neuronal injury. In this study,OGD/R-induced PC12 cells were used to explore the neuroprotective effects of CTEE( 12. 5,25,50 mg·L-1) by detecting cell viability with MTT assay,apoptosis with AO/EB and Hoechst 33258,mitochondrial membrane potential changes with JC-1 staining,mitochondrial oxidative stress with MitoSOX staining,as well as the apoptosis-related protein expression( PARP,cleaved PARP,caspase-3,cleaved caspase-3,Bax,Bcl-2) with Western blot. RESULTS:: showed that CTEE effectively protected OGD/R-induced neuronal injury and increased the survival rate of PC12 cells.AO/EB and Hoechst 33258 staining showed that CTEE could effectively inhibit apoptosis. Moreover,JC-1 and MitoSOX staining results showed that CTEE decreased mitochondrial stress and mitochondrial membrane potential imbalance in PC12 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Meanwhile,CTEE could obviously suppress the activation of key proteins in mitochondrial apoptosis pathway such as caspase-3 and PARP,and significantly inhibit the rise of Bax and down-regulation of Bcl-2. In conclusion,CTEE has obvious protective effects on OGD/R-induced PC12 cells neuronal injury,potentially via inhibiting mitochondrial oxidative stress and apoptosis-related signaling pathway.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cistanche ; chemistry ; Ethanol ; Glucose ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Oxidative Stress ; Oxygen ; PC12 Cells ; Plant Extracts ; pharmacology ; Poly (ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

To investigate the immune activation effect and mechanism of low molecular weight saccharides from Cistanche deserticola(LMSC) on mouse peritoneal macrophages, RAW264.7 cells. The RAW264.7 cells were divided into the normal control group, LPS positive control group, and LMSC treatment groups. The RAW264.7 cells were treated with various concentrations of LMSC from 3.91 to 62.5 g•L ⁻¹. The neutral red assay was employed to detect the phagocytic activity of macrophages. NO release was detected by using NO kit, and macrophage activation associated protein expression levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IKKβ, p-IKKβ, IκBα, p-IκBα, NF-κB, and p-NF-κB) were detected by Western blot. Results showed that LMSC had an activation effect on macrophages; it can significantly increase the release of NO in RAW264.7 cells and promote the expression of cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, LMSC significantly increased the phosphorylation of IKKβ, IκBα, and NF-κB p65. Furthermore, mannitol's one of the main constituents in LMSC significantly enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. These results showed that LMSC could activate macrophages by up-regulating the NF-κB signaling pathway, and mannitol may be one of the main active components in LMSC.

Oligoasthenoteratozoospermia (OAT) refers to the combination of various sperm abnormalities, including a decreased sperm count, reduced motility, and abnormal sperm morphology. Only a few genetic causes have been shown to be associated with OAT. Herein, we identified a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in meiosis-specific nuclear structural 1 (MNS1; NM_018365: c.603_604insG: p.Lys202Glufs*6) by whole-exome sequencing in an OAT proband from a consanguineous Chinese family. Subsequent variant screening identified four additional heterozygous MNS1 variants in 6/219 infertile individuals with oligoasthenospermia, but no MNS1 variants were observed among 223 fertile controls. Immunostaining analysis showed MNS1 to be normally located in the whole-sperm flagella, but was absent in the proband's sperm. Expression analysis by Western blot also confirmed that MNS1 was absent in the proband's sperm. Abnormal flagellum morphology and ultrastructural disturbances in outer doublet microtubules were observed in the proband's sperm. A total of three intracytoplasmic sperm injection cycles were carried out for the proband's wife, but they all failed to lead to a successful pregnancy. Overall, this is the first study to report a loss-of-function mutation in MNS1 causing OAT in a Han Chinese patient.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) in China and to provide scientific evidence for the adjustment of preventive strategy and control measures.

METHODSDemographic and epidemiologic information on human cases were collected from both reported data of field epidemiological investigation and the reporting system for infectious diseases.

RESULTSA total of 433 cases including 163 deaths were reported in mainland China before June 4, 2014. Two obvious epidemic peaks were noticed, in March to April, 2013 and January to February, 2014. Confirmed cases emerged in 14 areas of China. Five provinces, including Zhejiang, Guangdong, Jiangsu, Shanghai, and Hunan, reported about 85% of the total cases. Median age of the confirmed cases was 58 years (range, 1-91), with 70% as males. Of the 418 cases with available data, 87% had ever exposed to live poultry or contaminated environments. 14 clusters were identified but human to human transmission could not be ruled out in 9 clusters.

CONCLUSIONHuman infections with avian influenza A (H7N9) virus showed the characteristics of obvious seasonal distribution, with certain regional clusters. The majority of confirmed cases were among the elderly, with more males seen than the females. Data showed that main source of infection was live poultry and the live poultry market had played a significant role in the transmission of the virus.

Adaptation, Psychological ; Aged ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Environmental Pollution ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; Influenza, Human ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Male ; Meat ; Poultry ; Research Design