Objective To observe absorption of exogenous nerve growth factor(NGF) between normal newborn rats and newborn rats with hypoxidosis.Methods Thirty-two healthy newborn rats(7 days of age) were divided into experiment group and normal group.Experiment rats were made into hypoxic-ischemic brain damage(HIBD) model.NGF labeled with()~(125)I or()~(125)I was injected into the rats abdominant.All of the rats were killed and brain was removed after 30 minutes.The brain was dissected into basal forebrain,forehead cortex,hippocampus,thalamus,cerebellum,smellorb,pituitary tissue samples were assayed for radioactivity in a two-channel gamma counter.Results Absorptions of two groups(()~(125)I-NGF) were significantly higher than those of()~(125)I in basal forebrain,cortex,hippocampus,cerebellum.Absorptions of hypoxic group were significantly higher than those of control group in cortex,hippocampus,cerebellum.Conclusions NGF can penertrate blood brain barrier of newborn rats into brain regions by means of peripheral administration.Early application of NGF for treating hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE) is feasible.

Objective To investigate the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) and CD_(74), the receptor of MIF, in preeclamptic placenta and its correlation with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.Methods From March 2008 to November 2008,69 preeclamptic women who delivered in the Department of Obstetrics, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University Medical College,were recruited,including 33 women with mild preeclampsia (MPE group) and 36 women with severe preeclampsia (SPE group).Another 43 healthy pregnant women were taken as control group.Immunoturbidimetry was applied to measure the concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP) in maternal blood.The expressions of MIF and CD_(74) in placenta were tested with immunohistochemistry and the expressions of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA were detected by semiquantitative RT-PCR.The relationship between maternal blood level of CRP and MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in placenta was analyzed in the MPE and SPE group.Results (1) MIF and CD_(74) were expressed in the placenta of all pregnant women in the 3 groups, as shown in brown-yellow color, and significantly higher expression was found in the MPE and SPE group.(2) The expression of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in the MPE group (0.70±0.13 and 0.96±0.16), SPE group (0.88 ± 0.12 and 1.08 ± 0.15) were significantly higher than in the control group (0.67 ± 0.11 and 0.83 ± 0.14) (P < 0.01), and statistical significance was also found between the MPE and SPE group (P <0.01).(3)The maternal blood concentrations of CRP in the MPE and SPE group were significantly higher than in the control group [(15.3±7.0) mg/L and (21.6±9.1)mg/L vs (4.8 ± 1.8) mg/L, P <0.01] , and significant difference was also found between the MPE and SPE group (P <0.01).(4) In the two preeclamptic groups, the blood concentrations of CRP were positively correlated with the expression of both MIF mRNA(r =0.67 ,P <0.01)and CD_(74) mRNA(r =0.83 ,P <0.01) in placenta.Positive correlation was also found between the levels of MIF mRNA and CD_(74) mRNA in placenta (r =0.93 ,P < 0.01).Conclusions Overexpression of MIF and CD_(74) in the placenta may up-regulate the CRP level in maternal blood, resulting in systemic inflammatory reaction and vascular endothelium damage which may be involved in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia.

Cytomegalovirus Infections ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Skin Diseases ; etiology

This study aimed to investigate the drug susceptibility of wild-type and mutant avian influenza A (H7N9) virus neuraminidase (NA) to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Codon optimized DNA of H7N9 (A/ Hangzhou/1/2013) NA was synthesized and constructed into the pcDNA3.1/His vector (NA(H7N9-WT)). Mutant NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) plasmids were constructed by directed mutagenesis PCR using NA(H7N9-WT) plasmid as the template followed by sequencing. NA plasmids were transfected into 293T cells and cell lysates containing NAs were collected 48 h post-transfection. Wild-type and mutant NAs were analyzed by Western blotting and their activities were tested by the 4-MUNANA-based assay. All three NAs were expressed and enzymatic activities were confirmed. The effects of oseltamivir and zanamivir on all three NAs were then tested. It showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of oseltamivir carboxylate on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.6 nM, 15.1 nM, and > 1 000 nM with fold changes of 9 and > 625, respectively. The IC50 values of zanamivir on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y), and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.1 nM, 1.4 nM, and 38.0 nM with fold changes of 1.3 and 34, respectively. These results indicated that oseltamivir and zanamivir could significantly inhibit NA(H7N9-WT). NA(H7N9-R292K) showed high-level resistance to both drugs (34-fold and 625-fold) and NA(H7N9-H274Y) was sensitive to both (1.3-fold and 9-fold). These results indicated that both oseltamivir and zanamivir could be used for patients infected with the H7N9 virus. However, when patients carried the H7N9 virus with a NA R292K mutation, other medications would be preferred over oseltamivir or zanamivir.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oseltamivir ; pharmacology ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Zanamivir ; pharmacology

The nutritive value of different heat processed textured soybean proteins was measured by means of chemical and biologic methods. The experiment was divided into four groups (10 rats, each): (1) High heat treated textured soybean protein group; (2) Low heat treated textured soybean protein group; (3) Casein group; (4) Protein free group. The former three groups contained 10% protein, the latter contained less than 0.56% protein. The preperations were fed to 4 groups of weanling male rats for 4 weeks. The results showed that the body weight increments in the three groups were 146.4,158.1,188.7g; the protein effeciency ratio (PER) 2.17, 2.23, 2.74; the net protein ratio (NPR) 3.52, 3.51, 3.84; the true digestibility 84.5, 83.4, 95.8; the biological value 68.7, 64.6, 68.9 and net protein utilization 58.1, 54.0, and 66.1 respectively.Those results indicated that there was no significant difference between the high and low heat treated textured soybean protein.

Objective:To analyze the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women,and to study the relationship between BMD and the estrogen,cytokines,and serum levels of bone metabolism.Methods: 135 postmenopausal women were divided into the OP group (n=54),Osteopenia group (n=43) and normal group (n=38) according to the results of lumbar spine bone mineral density (BMD) scan.To detected the concentration of serum estradiol (E2),bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (BGP),tartrate resistant acid phosphatase-5b (TRAP-5b),interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β1) and IL-10 of research objects in the three groups.And to analyze the relationship between BMD and the levels of E2,BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6,TNF-α,TGF-β1 and IL-10.Results: In the OP group and the Osteopenia group,BMD and the levels of E2,TGF-β1 and IL-10 were obviously lower than that in the normal group (P<0.05),and the levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were obviously higher than that in the normal group (P<0.05).When compared with the Osteopenia group,the BMD and E2 level in the OP group was more lower (P<0.05),and the levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were more higher (P<0.05).E2 and TGF-β1 showed the significant positive correction with BMD (P<0.05),and the BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were all negatively corrected with BMD (P<0.05).However,no significant difference of relevance was seen between IL-10 and BMD (P>0.05).The low serum E2 levels and high serum levels of BALP,BGP,TRAP-5b,IL-6 and TNF-α were the independent factors affecting the reduction of BMD (P<0.05).Conclusion: The E2 level in patients with PMOP decreased obviously,which caused the imbalance of bone remodeling and inflammatory reaction,and which was related to the decrease of BMD.

Female ; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell ; pathology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn

OBJECTIVETo identify independent risk factors influencing the survival time of patients with chronic liver failure and construct a predictive model.

METHODSRetrospective analysis was applied to clinical data of 362 patients with chronic liver failure treated with artificial liver in Tianjin third centre hospital between May 2002 and May 2007. Data were analyzed with SPSS 13.0 statistic software, t test and rank test were used on quantitative data, chi-square test was used on qualitative data, Cox regression analysis was used to select the independent risk factors influencing the survival time. According to independent risk factors from Cox regression model, a prognostic model was established.

RESULTS1. Independent risk factors (P less than 0.05) influencing the survival time were: Child-Pugh score, bilirubin separation ALT, ascites, arginine, age, tyrosine and serum sodium. 2. By receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) analysis, the area under ROC (AUR) to predict the outcome of chronic liver failure patients was 0.782, and the cutoff score was 27.69.

CONCLUSIONS1. Child-Pugh score, bilirubin separation ALT, ascites, arginine, age, tyrosine and serum sodium are independent risk factors affecting survival time of patients with chronic liver failure. 2. Cox model we constructed can reliably predict the survival time of patients with chronic liver failure.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect of different indications of blood transfusion on the treatment and complications in anemia of prematurity, and to investigate the suitable and reasonable indication of blood transfusion for our country.

METHODSNinety six hospitalized premature infants with birth weight less than 1500g and stay in hospital equal or more than 2 weeks were enrolled in the retrospective study and divided into two groups according to different indications of blood transfusion. There are 54 cases in observation group 1 (with strict indications for transfusion) and 42 cases in observation group 2 (with loose indications for transfusion).

RESULTSIn the observation group 1, the total amount of blood transfusion \[M(P25, P75):71.0(43.25, 107.25) ml\] and the times of blood transfusion \[3.00 (2.00, 4.00) times\] are both higher than those of the observation group 2 \[36.0 (29.50, 56.25) ml and 1.50 (1.00, 2.25) times, respectively, P = 0.00 1\]. The days of mechanical ventilation and the days of continuous positive airway pressure were more in the observation group 1, but oxygen supplement in the two groups had no significant difference. In observation group 1, the incidence of intracranial hemorrhage, fungal infection rate and mortality were higher than those of the observation group 2 (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAnemia of prematurity easily led to the complications, and had obvious influence on the survival of premature infants. Clinician should consider concrete conditions of every patient before blood transfusion. It has positive significance on the survival of premature infants to loosen the indication properly and make the use of blood scientifically and rationally.

Bacteremia ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Listeria monocytogenes ; isolation & purification ; Male