Objective To observe the alteration of skin complexion after UVA and UVB exposure.Methods The back skin of ten females with skin type Ⅲ was subjected to single exposure to solar-simulated UVA of double minimal persistent pigment darkening (MPPD) or UVB of double minimal erythema dose (MED). Skin reflectance was assessed with clinical grading, spectcolometer and Mexameter MX 18 before irra-diation, 6 hours, 1, 7 and 14 days after the irradiation. Results After UVB irradiation, a~* value and erythema index (EI) abruptly increased at 6 hours and peaked on day 2; L~* value sharply declined on day 1; ITA° markedly decreased on day 7; melanin index (MI) declined within the first 2 days, but notably increased on day 7. After UVA irradiation, a~* and El value experienced no apparent changes; L~* value obviously declined at 6 hours; ITA° reached its lowest value on day 14; MI increased only on day 1. Conclusions There is a significant difference in the kinetics and extent of skin complexion changes after UVA and UVB irradiation. EI and a~* value are sensitive and accurate indices for evaluating sunburn, and MI and ITA ° for analyzing tanning.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of Flos Daturae alkaloids (FDA) on TGF-beta1-1uuuu;U epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of human pulmonary adenocarcinoma A549 cells.

METHODSA549 cells in vitro cultured were randomly divided into 5 groups, i.e., the blank control group, the TGF-beta1 group, the low dose FDA group, the medium dose FDA group, and the high dose FDA group. The morphologies of A549 cells were observed. Expressions of cytokeratin (CK)-19 and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) were detected by Western blot and real-time PCR at 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively.

RESULTSA549 cells in the TGF-beta1, group turned from cobblestone to spindle shape gradually. Those in low, medium and high dose FDA groups showed similar shapes to those of the TGF-beta1 group. There was no statistical difference in the morphology of A549 cells among the 3 dose FDA groups (P > 0.05). Western blot showed that, when compared with the blank control group, the expression of CK-19 was down-regulated, but the expression of alpha-SMA was up-regulated in the TGF-beta1 group (P < 0.01). Compared with the TGF-beta1, group, the expression of CK-19 was up-regulated, but the expression of alpha-SMA was suppressed in low, medium and high dose FDA groups (P < 0.01). The CK-19 expression obviously increased, but the alpha-SMA expression was suppressed in high dose FDA group at 72 h (P < 0.01). Real-time PCR results showed, as compared with the TGF-beta1 group, the mRNA expression of CK-19 was increased, but the mRNA expression of alpha-SMA was reduced in low, medium and high dose FDA groups (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSFDA had no effect on EMT morphological changes of TGF-beta1 induced A549 cells. FDA could reverse characteristic markers of A549 cells during EMT to some extent, such as expressions of CK-19 and alpha-SMA. The expression of CK-19 (as the epithelium marker) increased and the expression of alpha-SMA (as the mesenchymal marker) was reduced. Besides, they were most obviously seen in the high dose FDA group at 72 h in a dose- and time-dependent manner.

Actins ; Adenocarcinoma ; Alkaloids ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Datura ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Epithelial Cells ; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition ; Epithelium ; Humans ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; metabolism

Objective To study the results of repeat hepatectomy,followed by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and percutaneous microwave coagulation therapy (PMCT),but with or without portal vein chemotherapy (PVC) in patients with recurrence of hepatocelluar carcinoma (HCC) after partial hepatectomy.Methods The data of 33 patients were analyzed retrospectively.All these patients received repeat hepatectomy.They were then divided into two groups:the PVC group (n =19) was treated with PVC + TACE + PMCT,and the non-PVC group (n =14) with TACE + PMCT.Results For the 33 patients,13 (39.4％) developed tumor recurrence ＞2 years from the initial resection while 20 patients (60.6％) developed recurrence within ≤ 2 years.The tumor recurrence consisted of local recurrence in 14 patients (42.4％),and heterochronous recurrence in 19 patients (57.6％).There was a significantly difference in the cumulative survival rates between the two groups (x2 =4.319; P =0.038).The 1y,3y,5y survival rates were 84.2％,42.1％,31.6％ in the PVC Group,and 71.4％,28.6％,14.3％ in the Non-PVC Group respectively.28 sessions of PMCT and 97 sessions of TACE were performed postoperatively (the medians were 1,0.5; 3,3 respectively,the mean ranks were 17.68,16.07; 15.05,19.64 respectively,and the P values were 0.612,0.163 respectively between the two groups).Conclusions For patients with recurrence of HCC after hepatic resection,after repeat hepatectomy PVC + TACE + PMCT gave better survival than those with TACE + PMCT but without PVC.

To unvestugate the evolutuon law and unfluenced factors of dussolved organuc matter for electron transfer capacuty durung unutual landfull stage, dussolved organuc matter ( DOM ) was extracted from landfull wastes at dufferent depth. Shewanella oneudensus MR-1 and cutrate uron ( FeCut ) were respectuvely used as electron donor and electron acceptor to measure electron donatung capacuty, electron acceptung capacuty and electron shuttlung capacuty. Afterwards, the unfluenced factors of electron transfer capacuty were studued by analyzung spectral unformatuon. The results showed that proteun-luke components and humuc-luke components were able to transfer electrons, and they also accepted electrons from mucroorganusms. Electron donatung capacuty and electron acceptung capacuty uncreased furstly and then decreased. However, the electron shuttlung capacuty uncreased persustently durung the landfull process. Proteun-luke components were the maun components of dussolved organuc matter durung the unutual landfull stage, and ut was maunly responsuble for the electron donorung capacuty and electron acceptung capacuty of DOM. Electron shuttlung capacuty resulted from humuc-luke components durung the cycluc redox process. Electron shuttlung capacuty persustently uncreased durung the landfull process based on humuc-luke components generated durung the stage.

Objective To investigate the prevalence and clinical features of fulminant type 1 diabetes.Methods Using data retrieved from Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,all patients diagnosed with type 1 diabetes from Jan.1,2001 to Dec.31,2007 were identified.The patients were divided into fulminant type 1 diabetes (F1D) group,typical type 1 diabetes (T1A) group,and idiopathic type 1 diabetes(T1B) group.Their clinical features were compared.Results Eight patients (9.1%) fulfilled the criteria for fulminant type 1 diabetes among 87 newly diagnosed type 1 diabetes,and the percentage of fulminant type 1 diabetes reached 14.0% among type 1 diabetic patients with age of onset of 18 years or older.Patients of F1D group had a markedly higher plasma glucose concentration compared with patients of T1A group and T1B group(P=0.004).Serum amylase was higher in F1D group than that in T1A group(P = 0.021).Four (50%) patients were GADA positive,among whom 1 patient was Coxsackie B virus (CVB) IgM positive and 1 patient was Herpes Simplex virus 1 (HSV1) IgM positive.Conclusions Fulminant type 1 diabetes accounts for about 10% of the type 1 diabetes in the Chinese individuals with ketosis-or ketoacidosis-onset.Patients with this subset of diabetes had severe metabolic derangement.Viral infection and autoimmunity may be involved in the pathogenesis of fulminant type 1 diabetes.

AIMTo investigate the effects of polarizing cardioplegia solution with sodium channel inhibitor tetrodotoxin (TTX) on intracellular free Na+ concentration ([Na+]i) in isolated cardiomyocytes of rat.

METHODSVentricular myocytes with beating were isolated from adult rat hearts by enzymatic dissociation, randomly created in group base, group STH2 (contrast group of ischemia/reperfusion) and group TFX (treated group). Both Group STH2 and group TTX were arrested by St. Thomas No. 2 cardioplegia solution and TTX cardioplegia solution respectively, the arrest/re-beating cell model imitating MIRI being established, and imaged by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM) for measuring [Na+]i of cardiomyocytes in different period. The morphology of cardiomyocytes was observed under the inverted microscope.

RESULTS[Na+]i of cardiomyocytes in both group TTX and group STH2 after re-beating was higher than that in group base (P < 0.01), and [Na+]i in group TTX was lower than that in group STH2 (P < 0.01). During arrest, the elevation of [Na+]i in group TTX was lower than that in group STH2. During arrest, the elevation of [Na+]i in group TTX was lower than that in group STH2. Morphologically, after re-beating, the ratio of active cardiomyocytes with normal form in group TTX was higher than that in group STH2 (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONContrast depolarized cardioplegia solution, TTX cardioplegia solution could alleviate ischemia reperfusion injury and intracellular Na+ overload of cardiomyocytes.

Animals ; Cardioplegic Solutions ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Heart Arrest, Induced ; Male ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; cytology ; metabolism ; Rats ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Sodium Channel Blockers ; pharmacology ; Tetrodotoxin ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVEGas chromatography (GC) was used to investigate the cellular fatty acid (CFA) composition of 141 Acinetobacter baumannii and 32 A. calcoaceticus isolates from different locations in China and to find chemical markers to differentiate these two closely related bacteria.

METHODSWhole cell fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) were obtained by saponification, methylation, and extraction for GC analysis, followed by a standardized Microbial Identification System (MIS) analysis.

RESULTSAll A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains contained some major fatty acids, namely, 18:1 ω9c, 16:0, Sum In Feature 3, 12:0, 17:1ω8c, 3-OH-12:0, 17:0, Sum In Feature 2, 2-OH-12:0, and 18:0 compounds. Although most of the total CFAs are similar between A. baumannii and A. calcoaceticus strains, the ratios of two pairs of CFAs, i.e., Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus 16:0/18:1 ω9c and Sum In Feature 3/18:1 ω9c versus unknown 12.484/18:1 ω9c fatty acids, could differentiate these two closely related bacteria. A. baumannii could be easily classified into two subgroups by plotting some ratios such as Sum In Feature 3/16:0 versus 17:0 and Sum In Feature 3/2-OH-12:0 versus 17:0 fatty acids.

CONCLUSIONThe ratios of some CFAs could be used as chemical markers to distinguish A. baumannii from A. calcoaceticus.

Acinetobacter baumannii ; classification ; cytology ; metabolism ; Acinetobacter calcoaceticus ; classification ; cytology ; metabolism ; Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Fatty Acids ; metabolism ; Species Specificity

OBJECTIVETo characterize the genetic background of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (A. baumannii) from China, and the population structure of this pathogen.

METHODSA previously reported MLST scheme was applied to a collection of 33 multidrug-resistant strains of A. baumannii from China, and the data of all the strains in the A. baumannii MLST database were downloaded for the population structure analysis. The sequence types and clonal complexes were identified, the presence or absence of recombination was analyzed for each MLST locus, and the values of I(A)(S), and recombination/mutation ratio were calculated for the whole strain collection. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using all the allelic profiles in the database.

RESULTSA total of six sequence types were identified from the 33 Chinese strains tested, and 29 of these strains belonged to the CC92 clonal complex. Three (gdhB, gpi, and rpoD) of the seven MLST loci (gltA, gyrB, recA, cpn60, gdhB, gpi, rpoD) had undergone recombination with statistical evidence. For all allele profiles in the MLST database, the I(A)(S) value was 0.155 and the recombination/mutation ratio was 6.083. Sequence types from each clonal complex were grouped closely in the phylogenetic tree, which gave an overview of the microevolution of this pathogen.

CONCLUSIONThe spread of multidrug-resistant A. baumannii in China was closely related to the CC92 clonal complex. A. baumannii had an 'epidemic' population structure, i.e., a superficially clonal structure with high levels of recombination, in which successful epidemic clones arise especially including worldwide dissemination of the CC92 clonal complex to cause a widespread occurrence of multidrug-resistant infections.

Acinetobacter baumannii ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Bacterial Typing Techniques ; China ; Cluster Analysis ; DNA, Bacterial ; genetics ; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial ; Genetic Variation ; Genetics, Population ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multilocus Sequence Typing ; Phylogeny

Objective To evaluate the safety and efficacy of endovascular intervention to revise peripheral bypass problems through prosthetic approach.Methods Among 17 cases undergoing graft bypass anastomotic stenosis and graft thrombosis was identifled in 16 cases(inflow or outflow obstructive lesions in 10),inflow obstructive lessions in 1(without anastomotic and graft thrombosis).All revision procedures were taken under local anesthesia,16 patients were treated by means of surgical thrombectomy followed by endovascular intervention through prosthesis itself in addition to one who had no thrombectomy.The graft patency and clinical outcome were observed.Resuits Thirteen stents were implanted in 13patients with distal anastomotic stenosis and 1 with proximal anastomotic stenosis including 10 stentings/PTAs in iliac popliteal,posterior tibial or anterior tibial arteries.One stent was implanted in 1 patient with common femoral stenosis.Stenting were not used(abandoned)in 2 patients,of which one underwent a foot amputation and calf gangrene occurred a week later,and the other had a redo of grafting.Follow-up time is 1-35 months.with an average of 12±4 months.One had a below-knee amputation two months after intervention,the other had symptoms recurred and treated with a redo 3 months afterwards.the third died of myocardial infarction six months later.Grafts remained patent in the rest 13 patients at follow-up.Conclusions Endovascular intervention through prosthesis is a safe and effective method,which offers an alternative means to treat anastomotic stenosis.inflow or outflow obstructive lesions.

OBJECTIVETo compare the effect between mini-traumatic bone-grafting and non-bone-grafting in percutaneous K-wire fixation for treating the calcaneal fractures.

METHODSFrom 2002 to 2006, 112 patients with the type II (Paley type) fractures of calcaneus were studied. There were 56 cases in bone-grafting group involving 36 males and 20 famales,aged from 21 to 65, averaged (42.0 +/- 2.3) years; 11 cases were in type II a and 45 were in type II b; the course was from 3 to 14 days, averaged (6.0 +/- 1.2) days. And there were 56 cases in non-bone-grafting group involving 38 males and 18 famales,aged from 22 to 67, averaged (43.0 +/- 2.5)years; 13 cases were in type II a and 43 were in type II b; the course was from 2 to 15 days, averaged (5.0-2.1) days. All the cases were treated by closed reduction and percutaneous K-wire fixation, and bone-grafting group(56 cases) were treated by mini-traumatic bone-grafting, but the other group (56 cases) were not. The collapsing rate and fineness rate were compared.

RESULTSAll the cases were followed up from 5 to 52 months. There were no collapsing cases in the bone-grafting group after operation, but 3 cases occurrenced re-collapsing in the non-bone-grafting group. According to the Zhang Tie-liang's evaluation criterion, in the bone-grafting group,the results were excellent in 43 cases, good in 12, fair in 1, the fineness rate was 98.2%. In the non-bone-grafting group,the results were excellent in 37 cases, good in 16, fair in 2, poor in 1, the fineness rate was 94.7%.

CONCLUSIONTreatment of the type II fracture of calcaneus with closed reduction, percutaneous K-wire fixation and mini-traumatic bone-grafting can prevent the posterior talar articular surface of caltaneus from collapsing again after operation, enhance the union of fracture, elevate the curative effect, thus it should be taken with the standard therapeutic regimen.

Adult ; Aged ; Bone Transplantation ; methods ; Bone Wires ; Calcaneus ; injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult