Objective Post-transcription RNA interference (RNAi) is more and more widely applied in multigene therapy.This study aimed to establish an subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor (SXT) model of human HT-29 colon carcinoma in nude mice and investigate the effects of the survivin shRNA-APC double gene co-expression lentiviral vector on the growth of SXT.Methods Thirty-five nude mice were equally divided into five groups, double-gene survivin shRNA, survivin shRNA, APC, empty vector, and blank, and injected into the left anterior axillary with respective stably transfected cell lines and human HT-29 colon carcinoma cells, all at 2×106/mL, to establish an SXT model of human HT-29 colon carcinoma.The inhibition rate of tumor growth was calculated by measuring the size and weight of the SXT, the expressions of survivin mRNA and protein in the tumor tissue detected by real time PCR and immunohistochemistry respectively, and the apoptosis of the HT-29 colon carcinoma cells determined by TUNEL.Results The mean size and weight of the SXT were significantly reduced in the double-gene survivin shRNA-APC, survivin shRNA, and APC groups as compared with the blank and empty vector groups (P<0.05), though increased in the survivin shRNA and APC groups in comparison with the double-gene group (P<0.05).The expressions of survivin mRNA and protein in the tumor tissue were remarkably lower in the double-gene survivin shRNA-APC, survivin shRNA, and APC groups than in the blank and empty vector groups (P<0.05), even lower in the double-gene group than in the survivin shRNA, and APC groups (P<0.05).The apoptosis rate of the HT-29 colon carcinoma cells was markedly up-regulated in the double-gene survivin shRNA-APC ([56.72±3.17]%), survivin shRNA ([33.64±2.03]%), and APC groups ([31.19±1.79]%) as compared with the blank ([9.89±0.31]%) and empty vector groups ([10.06±0.43]%) (P<0.05), even more significantly in the double-gene than in the survivin shRNA and APC groups (P<0.05).Conclusion The survivin shRNA-APC double gene co-expression lentiviral vector can reduce the expression level the survivin gene, promote the apoptosis of colon carcinoma cells, and suppress the growth of the subcutaneous xenotransplanted tumor.

OBJECTIVETo further select the items based on the pre-test version of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis.

METHODSTotally 100 patients with viral myocarditis were enrolled in this study. Methodologies including frequency distribution, discrete trend, t-test, Cronbach's α coefficient, correlation coefficient and factor analysis were applied to select items from different perspectives.

RESULTSA total of 17 items were selected by frequency distribution method from the perspective of central tendency, 15 items were selected by discrete trend method from the perspective of sensitivity, 16 items were selected by t-test method from the perspective of sensitivity and discrimination, 16 items were selected by Cronbach's α coefficient method from the perspective of internal consistency, 12 items were selected by correlation coefficient method from the perspective of representation and independence, and 18 items were selected by factor analysis method from the perspective of representation.

CONCLUSIONItem selection of quality of life scale in patients with viral myocarditis was successfully conducted based on the clinical epidemiological data using a variety of statistical methods.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Myocarditis ; virology ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

Female ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Neoplasms ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Thoracic Wall ; pathology ; Young Adult

BackgroundOur previous study showed that erythropoietin (EPO) protects the photoreceptor from apoptosis in retinal detachment(RD) rat,but its signal transduction pathway remains unknown.Objective The present study was to investigate the effects of EPO on signal transduction pathway in RD.MethodsTwentyfour albino clean Sprague-Dawley(SD) rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.5 μl PBS was injected into vitreous cavity of rats in RD+PBS group,and 400 ng EPO(5 μl) was used at the same way in RD+EPO group.Three days later,the rats were sacrificed and the retina was isolated in each group.The expression levels of Janus kinase 2 (JAK2),p-JAK2,Akt,p-Akt,extracellular regulated protein kinase-1/2 ( ERK-1/2 ),p-ERK-1/2,signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 ( STAT5 ),p-STAT5,nuclear factor-kB (NF-sB) and p-NF-kB were detected by Western blot assay.The administration of experimental animals followed the Standard of ARVO.ResultsThree days after RD,the expression levels of JAK2,Akt and ERK-1,ERK-2 in retinas among normal group,RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were statistically insignificant different ( F =0.298,P =0.826 ; F =0.681,P =0.588 ; F =0.978,P=0.450;F=1.115,P=0.399 ),but the levels of p-JAK2,p-Akt,p-Erk-1 and p-Erk-2 among these 4 groups were significant difference ( F=24.435,P =0.000; F=48.163,P =0.000;F =19.092,P =0.001; F =14.393,P=0.001 ),and those in RD+EPO group was significantly higher than that in RD and RD+PBS groups( P＜0.05 ).The expression levels of STAT5 and NF-kB among the 4 groups were no significantly differences (F =1.136,P=0.391 ;F=0.696,P=0.580),but after the phosphorylation of STAT5 and NF-kB,the differences was significant ( F =14.189,P =0.001 ; F =40.103,P =0.000 ).Those in RD,RD + PBS,RD + EPO groups did not increase either (P＞0.05).Although the levels of p-STAT5 and p-NF-kB in RD,RD+PBS,RD+EPO groups were significantly higher than those in normal control group( P＜0.05 ),the level of p-STAT5 in RD+EPO group was not significantly higher than that in RD and RD + PBS groups (P ＞ 0.05 ). Conclusions PI3K/Akt and MAPK/ERK-1/2 signal transduction pathways might participate in the protecting process of EPO to photoreceptor in RD rats.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the pelvic injury mechanisms in road traffic fatalities (RTFs) according to Young-Burgess classification and its practical value in forensic medicine. METHODS: Retrospective study was performed on pelvic X-ray radiographs of adult RTFs outside the automobiles in 128 cases. Pelvic injury mechanisms were investigated according to Young-Burgess classification and then were analyzed statistically combined with the real circumstance. RESULTS: The accuracy of pelvic injury mechanism identification using APC subtype (94.1%) and LC subtype (92.9%) were significantly higher than that without using subtypes (63.6% and 70.7%) (P<0.05). LC subtype was helpful to discriminate the direction of force, for example the rear lateral force, anterior lateral force or continuous anterior lateral force. CONCLUSION Young-Burgess classification discriminated by various methods of medical imaging may be helpful to study the pelvic injury mechanisms and provide reliable reference for road traffic accidents reconstruction.
Accidents, Traffic ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Forensic Medicine/methods* ; Fractures, Bone/diagnostic imaging* ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Observer Variation ; Pelvic Bones/injuries* ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed/methods* ; Trauma Severity Indices ; Young Adult

Objective:To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) pretreatment on adenine nucleotides in the myocardial tissues of the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury (MIRI) rats, and to explore the mechanism of EA pretreatment on myocardial prevention and protection in MIRI rats. Methods:Forty SPF male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: a blank group, a sham operation group, a model group, an EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group and an EA at Hegu (LI 4) group, with 8 rats in each group. Rats in the blank group only received binding to the rat plate, 30 min/time, once a day for 7 d; on the 7th day, rats in the sham operation group were subjected to threading for 40 min at the left anterior descending coronary artery without ligation, and then the rats were allowed to stand for 60 min before collection of the specimens; on the 7th day, rats in the model group were subjected to threading at the left anterior descending coronary artery with ligation, for 40 min before the blood flow was restored, and then the rats were allowed to stand for 60 min before collection of the specimens; on the 7th day of pretreatment with EA at Neiguan (PC 6) or Hegu (LI 4) for 30 min per day (once a day for 7 d), rats in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group and EA at Hegu (LI 4) group were subjected to modeling and sample collection same as in the model group. The left ventricular myocardium of the lower left anterior descending coronary artery was collected from rats in all 5 groups. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and transmission electron microscope (TEM) were used to observe the changes in myocardial pathological morphology. The change in the adenine nucleotide level of myocardial tissue was measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results:The HE staining and ultrastructure showed that the myocardial injury was severer in the model group compared with the sham operation group. Compared with the model group, the myocardial injury in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and the EA at Hegu (LI 4) groups was mild or hardly any. The adenine nucleotide levels in the sham operation group and the model group were all decreased compared with the blank group (allP<0.05); compared with the sham operation group, the adenine nucleotide level of the model group was also decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05); compared with the model group, the adenine nucleotide level in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group was increased (P<0.05), and the adenine nucleotide level in the EA at Hegu (LI 4) group was significantly increased (P<0.01). The adenine nucleotide level in the EA at Hegu (LI 4) group was higher than that in the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group, but the difference was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Compared with the EA at Neiguan (PC 6) group, the levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in the EA at Hegu (LI 4) group were significantly increased (allP<0.01). Conclusion:Both EA at Neiguan (PC 6) and Hegu (LI 4) can alleviate the pathological damage to myocardium in MIRI rats, and increase the adenine nucleotide level in myocardial tissues, and thus protect MIRI rats. EA at Hegu (LI 4) has a better protective effect than Neiguan (PC 6).

Objective To explore the current profile of drowning related high risk behaviors among the floating children inNingbo City and to identify the risk factors on these behaviors.Methods A total of 7 600 students from grade 1 -9 ineight urban migrant workers'children schools were recruited and surveyed by the questionnaires.And the logistic regressionmodel was used for the analysis of risk factors.Results In last one year,without adult supervision,the incidence rate ofdrowning related high risk behaviors was 27.53%.The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that males (OR =2.30,95%CI:1.99 ~2.65),senior grade (OR =1.23,95%CI:1.18 ~1.27),other juvenile companion on the way toschools (OR =1.26,95%CI:1.06 ~1.51),being able to swim (OR =2.09,95%CI:1.77 ~2.46)and there being theopen water around school and home (OR =1.75,95%CI:1.52 ~2.00)could increase the incidence of drowning relatedhigh risk behaviors.And higher awareness of drowning prevention (OR =0.99,95%CI:0.98 ~0.99),higher rate ofcorrect attitude (OR =0.99,95%CI:0.98 ~0.99),getting along well with schoolmates (OR =0.69,95%CI:0.51 ~0.95)and with family members (OR =0.33,95%CI:0.24 ~0.46)could reduce the incidence of drowning related highrisk behaviors.Conclusion The incidence rate of drowning related high risk behaviors was high among the floatingchildren in Ningbo City,and males,being able to swim might increase the occurrence of high risk behaviors.

OBJECTIVETo determine the optimum treatment for viral myocarditis (VMC).

METHODSA total of 126 VMC patients were randomly divided into the control group (42 cases) that was treated with conventional Western medicine, and the intervention group (84 cases) that was treated with a combination of Chinese medicine (CM) and Western medicine intervention termed optimum proposal of integration of disease and syndrome (OPIDS). Before and after 4 weeks of treatment, the integral of CM syndrome, self-rating depression and anxiety scales (SDS and SAS, respectively), echocardiograms (ECGs), heart rate variability and left ventricular systolic function were observed.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant reductions on the SDS and SAS (P <0.05); improvement of premature ventricular beats, atrioventricular blocks, ST-segment abnormalities, and significant T wave changes (P <0.05); greater reductions in standard deviation of NN intervals (SDNN), standard deviation for per 5 min averages NN intervals (SDANN), and root-mean-square of successive difference of NN intervals (rMSSD) (P <0.05); and increases in cardiac output, stroke volume, and ejection fraction, the last of which was statistically significant (P <0.05). Overall, the treatment efficacy rate was significantly better P<0.05) in the intervention group (75.61%) compared with the control group (69.70%).

CONCLUSIONOPIDS is quite effective in treating VMC and improves symptoms such as anxiety and depression, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, premature ventricular contraction, and cardiac autonomic nervous system dysfunction. [

REGISTRATIONChinese clinical trial center (No. ChiCTR-TRC-00000298)].

Adolescent ; Adult ; Anxiety ; complications ; Depression ; complications ; Electrocardiography ; Female ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Myocarditis ; diagnostic imaging ; physiopathology ; therapy ; virology ; Syndrome ; Systole ; Ultrasonography ; Ventricular Function ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) in the preoperative staging of early gastric carcinoma.

METHODSEUS was performed in 149 gastric carcinoma patients proved by biopsy (including 33 patients with early gastric cancer), of which the results were compared with postoperative pathologic findings.

RESULTSThe accuracy of EUS in determining the T stage of gastric carcinoma was 80.3% (T1 81.8%, T2 70.4%, T3 88.9%, T4 71.4%). The accuracy of EUS in differentiating early gastric carcinoma from advanced ones was 95.1%, and the accuracy of EUS in differentiating mucosal cancer from submucosal cancer was only 63.6%. The diagnostic accuracy of EUS for mucosal and submucosal cancer was 52.9% and 75%, with positive predictive value of 90% and 70.6%, respectively. The accuracy of invasion depth of EUS for the bulging and flat type of early gastric carcinoma was 100%, whereas the accuracy was only 58.6% for the depressed type. The accuracy of invasion depth of the differentiated and undifferentiated early cancer was 71.4%and 57.9%, without any significant difference (P > 0.05). The accuracy of invasion depth of EUS for early gastric carcinoma decreased as tumor size increased. The diagnostic accuracy of lymph node status of early gastric carcinoma by EUS was 90.9%, and the sensitivity and specificity of lymph node metastasis was 66.7% and 96.3%, respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe clinical value of endoscopic ultrasonography in the preoperative staging of early gastric carcinoma is relatively high.

Adenocarcinoma ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Biopsy ; Endosonography ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Preoperative Care ; Stomach ; pathology ; Stomach Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery

Background: Abnormal glucose metabolism is a risk factor for colorectal cancer (CRC). However, association of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) with CRC risk remains under-reported. We examined the association between glycemic indicators (HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, 2-hour glucose, 2-hour insulin, and homeostasis model of risk assessment-insulin resistance index) and CRC risk using prospective analysis and meta-analysis. Methods: Participants (n=1,915) from the Guangzhou Biobank Cohort Study-Cardiovascular Disease Substudy were included. CRC events were identified through record linkage. Cox regression was used to assess the associations of glycemic indicators with CRC risk. A meta-analysis was performed to investigate the association between HbA1c and CRC risk. Results: During an average of 12.9 years follow-up (standard deviation, 2.8), 42 incident CRC cases occurred. After adjusting for potential confounders, the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval [CI]) of CRC for per % increment in HbA1c was 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.63) in overall population, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.13 to 2.02) in women and 1.06 (95% CI, 0.68 to 1.68) in men. No significant association of other measures of glycemic indicators and baseline diabetes with CRC risk was found. Meta-analyses of 523,857 participants including our results showed that per % increment of HbA1c was associated with 13% higher risk of CRC, with the pooled risk ratio being 1.13 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.27). Subgroupanalyses found stronger associations in women, colon cancer, Asians, and case-control studies. Conclusion Higher HbA1c was a significant predictor of CRC in the general population. Our findings shed light on the pathology of glucose metabolism and CRC, which warrants more in-depth investigation.