Objective To compare the therapeutic effects of recurrent pterygium treated by microsur- gical management.Methods Sixty-two cases(67 eyes)with recurrent pterygiumwere randomly divided into limbal stem cell autograft transplantation comblined with mitomycin C(34 cases38 eyesand limbal stem cell autograft transplantation(28 cases29 eyes)The post operative follow-up period was 6 to 30 months.Re- suits One eye recurrence was noted in the trial groupthe recurrent rate was 2.63%Three eyes recurrence was noted in the control groupthe recurrent rate was 10.34%There was statistical significant difference be- tween two groups(P0.05).Conclusion Limbal stem cells autograft transplantation combined with mitomycin C can decrease the recurrent rate.It is an ideal methods of recurrent pterygium surgical procedureis worth spreading.

To analysis the differences between Tripterygium wilfordii and T. hypoglaucum, specimens of their leaves were collected from five production regions and analyzed by ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). The data were analyzed by multivariate statistical method, such as hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal signal correction partial least square discrimination (OPLS-DA). Potential markers with VIP values above 5.0 and corresponding r values above 0.85, were selected and further tested by combining mann-Whitney nonparametric. Those with P < 0.001 and AUC = 1 were confirmed as metabolite markers to discriminate them from each other. Results revealed that the two species were obviously different in their leaf metabolites. Based on their mass spectra, 23 potential metabolite markers were identified to distinguish T. wilfordii from T. hypoglaucum.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Mass Spectrometry ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Tripterygium ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism

AIM: To investigate the clinical effect for treating bullous keratopathy ( BK ) by anterior corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation.
METHODS: Totally 35 patients ( 35 eyes ) with bullous keratopathy were treated by corneal stromal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation. All patients preoperative and postoperative underwent anterior segment OCT, corneal topography, corneal sensitivity and confocal microscopy. To observe postoperative ocular symptoms in patients with BK, recurrence of bulla, changes in corneal thickness, corneal sensitivity and changes in the organizational structure of the layers of the cornea.
RESULTS: Thirty-five were followed up for 6-18mo. The symptom of pain disappeared in 32 cases ( 91%) in the first day after operation and did not recur during follow-up. The symptom of pain relieved in 3 cases (9%) in the first day after operation and disappeared in 3 days. Corneal epithelium of 9 cases ( 26%) were all healed within 1wk, 21 cases (60%) were all healed within 2wk, and 5 cases (14%) were all healed within 3wk. Following up for 6-18mo, there was no recurrence of symptoms or bulla. A small amount of tiny bubbles in the surrounding area appeared in 2 cases after 3 and 4wk. All patients had no neovascularization, and had smooth corneal surface. The amnions of 30 cases (86%) were thinning after 2mo, partially dissolved and absorped, not seen with the naked eye after 3mo. Thirty-four cases (97%) had no changes in vision, one case (3%) was from the light to front of the manual. After 2mo, corneal sensation decreased in 30 cases ( 86%) , corneal thickness increased from preoperative 788±35μm to 940±43μm. After 12mo, corneal thickness increased to 1060±27μm. Results of confocal microscopy: after 3mo, the number density of the trigeminal nerve fibers under corneal basement membrane reduced, shallow stromal cells became into fibrotic stroma, deep stroma was more loose, and cells swelled significantly. The number of endothelial cells reduced and form swelled more obviously compared with preoperatively.
CONCLUSION: Corneal acupuncture combined with amniotic membrane transplantation can effectively control the symptoms of BK, prevent the recurrence of BK, and especially it is a simple, safe and practical way for patients with poor visual function.

Objective To explore the activation and function of Janus protein-tyrosine kinase (JAK)/ signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT1) signal transduction pathway in kidney,lung and brain of MRL/lpr mice.Methods MRL/lpr mice with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were studied at the age of 12 weeks up.Non-SLE MRL/lpr mice were used as controls.We used phosphospecific antibodies to detect STAT1 activation in kidney,lung and brain by immunohistochemistry and Western blots.Gene expression of the STAT induced feedback inhibitors of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS-1) was investigated by SYBR green I real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Results Phosphorylation of STAT1 protein was markedly activated in these three organs,although renal and pulmonary STAT1 activation were much more evidently activated.SOCS-1 gene expression increased in all three organs,while renal SOCS-1 gene expres- sion increased less than lung and brain.Conclusion The activation of JAK/STATI signal transduction path- way may be pathogenic in the organ involvement and progression of SLE.The pathogenesis of lupus nephritis may also be associated with the down-regulation of SOCS-1 feedback inhibition.

Triterpenes, which have large application potential in the treatment of cancer, are the main active components of genuine medicinal material Alisma orientale (Sam.) Juzep. Farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (FPPS) is one of the important rate-limiting enzymes in the synthetic pathway of triterpenes. In this study the FPPS full length cDNA of the A. orientale, was cloned via homology-based cloning approach and rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). The full length of the FPPS cDNA was 1 531 bp (accession no. HQ724508), which contained a full 1 032 bp ORF that encoded 343 amino acids. The deduced protein sequence exhibited five conserved motifs, two of which is riched of Asp (DDXXD). The result of real-time quantitative PCR (QRT-PCR) showed that FPPS gene was expressed in different organs of A. orientale. The expression increased from October to the first ten-day period of December, and then decreased. The FPPS gene expression was higher in leaves but lower in leafstalk, tuber and root. HPLC analysis of active components 23-acetyl-alismol B of A. orientale. during different periods indicated that its change trend should be consistent with FPPS gene expression. It can be primarily deduced that FPPS gene should be an important control point in the synthetic pathway of Alisma terpenes. This study may facilitate the quality of medicinal plants through gene engineering in the future.
Alisma ; enzymology ; genetics ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cloning, Molecular ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA, Complementary ; genetics ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Gene Amplification ; Geranyltranstransferase ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Plant Leaves ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plant Roots ; enzymology ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; enzymology ; genetics ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods

OBJECTIVEPulmonary vascular structural remodeling induced by high pulmonary blood flow is an important pathologic basis of pulmonary hypertension with congenital heart disease of left-to-right shunt. However, the mechanism is still not clear. The present study aimed to examine the alteration of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) pathway in high pulmonary blood flow-induced pulmonary vascular structural remodeling, so as to explore the role of NO pathway in pulmonary hypertension induced by high pulmonary blood flow.

METHODSSixteen male SD rats were randomly divided into control group (n = 8) and shunting group (n = 8). Aortocaval shunting was produced for 11 weeks in shunt rats. Pulmonary artery mean pressure (mPAP) of each rat was evaluated using right cardiac catheterization. The ratio of right ventricular mass to left ventricular plus septal mass [RV/(LV + S)] was detected. Pulmonary vascular micro-and ultra-structure was examined by using a light microscope and a transmitted electronic microscope. Meanwhile, the concentration of plasma NO was measured by spectrophotometry. The expressions of endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) mRNA and protein by pulmonary arteries were detected by in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, respectively.

RESULTSAfter 11-week aortocaval shunting, mPAP was significantly increased [(22.5 +/- 2.6) mmHg vs. (15.8 +/- 2.8) mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa, t = 4.97, P < 0.01], and RV/(LV + S) was also markedly increased (0.267 +/- 0.022 vs. 0.221 +/- 0.016, t = 4.85, P < 0.01). The percentage of muscularized arteries was obviously increased in shunt rats compared with controls [(23.2 +/- 2.4)% vs. (13.5 +/- 2.1)%, t = 7.82, P < 0.01], and relative medial thickness of pulmonary arteries was obviously increased in shunt rats [median pulmonary artery: (7.76 +/- 0.56)% vs. (4.82 +/- 1.03)%, t = 6.23, P < 0.01; small pulmonary artery: (11.94 +/- 0.66)% vs. (6.91 +/- 0.53)%, t = 14.96, P < 0.01]. Ultrastructural changes, such as hyperplasia and degeneration of endothelial cells, irregularity of internal elastic laminar and hypertrophy and the increased number of synthetic phenotype of smooth muscle cells, were found in intrapulmonary arteries of shunt rats. Meanwhile, plasma NO concentration was increased [(30.2 +/- 7.9) micromol/L vs (19.7 +/- 5.7) micromol/L, t = 3.05, P < 0.01) and eNOS mRNA and protein expressions by pulmonary arteries were significantly augmented in rats of shunting group.

CONCLUSIONThe upregulation of eNOS/NO might be an adaptive response of pulmonary circulation to an increased blood flow in the development of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular structural remodeling.

Animals ; Blood Flow Velocity ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; physiopathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; In Situ Hybridization ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; blood ; genetics ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiopathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo determine the prevalence of Streptococcus suis and major pathogenic serotypes in middle part of Jiangsu province.

METHODSTonsillar specimens from 303 slaughtered pigs aged 6 to 8 months were investigated for the presence of Streptococcus suis and major pathogenic serotypes by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Bacteriological examination compared with molecular genetics identification for three Streptococcus suis isolates were also done.

RESULTSThe overall carrier rate of Streptococcus suis was up to 88.0%, with the percentages of serotype 1(14), 2(1/2), 7 and 9 were 9.6%, 8.5%, 11.3% and 29.5% respectively in 2005. While in 2006, the prevalence of Streptococcus suis was 82.5%, with capsular types 1 (14), 2 (1/2), 7 and 9 were accounted for 17.6%, 2.4%, 25.8% and 20.0% of all the specimens. All the three isolates belonged to Streptococcus suis serotype 2,named 2a, 2f and 14e, which exhibiting the virulent phenotype cps2+/gdh+/mrp-/lepf-/sly-/fbps+/orf2+/89k-, cps2+/lgdh+/mrp-/epf-/sly-/fbps-/orf2-/89k- and cps2+/gdh+/mrp-/epf-/sly-/fbps/orf2-/ respectively. These isolates were all susceptible to amoxicillin, ampicillin, penicillin and resistant to amikacin and tetraycline. Clinical signs were not noted in BALB/c mice and rabbit.

CONCLUSIONPrevalence of the Streptococcus suis among the healthy herds in the areas was very high, with various capsule types of Streptococcus suis involved in the same herds, and the virulent phenotype of these 3 isolates were very different from those prevalent Streptococcus suis serotype 2 virulent isolates frequently discovered from the epidemic areas.

Amikacin ; therapeutic use ; Amoxicillin ; therapeutic use ; Ampicillin ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; China ; epidemiology ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Molecular Epidemiology ; methods ; Penicillins ; therapeutic use ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Streptococcal Infections ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; microbiology ; Streptococcus suis ; classification ; drug effects ; genetics ; pathogenicity ; Tetracycline ; therapeutic use ; Virulence

[Objective] We assessed the associations between protein intake and T2D in different dietary patterns.[Methods] We conducted a population-based cross sectional study of 5 956 women and 2 298 men in middle-aged and elderly population in the community of Guangzhou city,Guangdong province.Cluster analysis was used to category subjects into mutually exclusive group by major sources of protein.Logistics regression analysis and substitution models were used to estimate T2D risks according to protein intake.[Results] The mean age of subjects was 55.51 year.Subjects were divided into four dietary protein food patterns (coarse cereals,red meat,refined grain,and sea food).Overall,extreme quantile of total protein intake was significantly and positively associated with T2D [odds ratio 1.58 (95％ CI 1.25,2.02)].In subgroup analysis by dietary patterns,extreme quantile of total protein intake was also positively related to T2D in the "red meat" [3.00(1.36,7.01)] and "refined grain" [2.25 (1.40,3.61)] dietary pattern group.However,this association was revered in the "coarse cereals" group [0.48 (0.23,0.97)];and protein intake was not related to T2D in the "seafood" group.[Conclusions] The association between protein intake and T2D varies by dietary pattern.Dietary pattern should be considered into the recommendation of protein intake for diabetes prevention.

Repeated acute intermittent hypoxia promotes the expression of growth factors and neurotrophic factors, as well as the key molecules for neural protection and plasticity. Hypoxic preconditioning may improve the survival rate of transplant-ed stem cells and protect the neural function. Meanwhile, acute intermittent hypoxia can be an approach to improve re-spiratory function after spinal cord injury. Hyperbaric oxygen may improve the neural tolerance to hypoxia and isch-emia, to protect the structure of cells and tissues, and promote the neuranagenesis. It is important to study the role of hy-poxic and hyperoxic preconditioning in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a disabling disease usually caused by trauma. The treatment and nursing of SCI patients has brought great economic burden to the society. This article introduced the mechanism of riluzole in treating spinal cord in-jury, including blocking Na+channels, reducing glutamate-mediated excitotoxicity, promoting the expression of neuro-trophic factors, and alleviating cellular oxidative stress damage and apoptosis, and the research progress on clinical trials of riluzole.