Objective To explore the effect of isochronous health education for family on improving the swallowing ability of stroke patients with dysphagia. Methods 90 patients were divided into the observation group and the control group using the lottery method, with 45 cases in each group. The control group received the routine therapy and the health edcuation, while the observation group was carried out the isochronous health education for family on the above-mentioned basis. The swallowing ability of patients was examined at admission and 8 weeks after admission, and the occurrence rate of complications, the satisfaction degree and the average hospitalized day were compared. Results The difference of swallowing ability when admission had no obviously statistical meaning. The swallowing ability of the observation group was higher than that in the control group after 8 weeks. The occurrence rate of pulmonary infection was lower than that in the control group, while the satisfaction degree and the average hospitalized day were lower than those in the control group. Conclusions Carrying out the isochronous health education for family on swallowing ability of stroke patients with dysphagia can improve the patients' swallowing ability, reduce the occurrence rate of complications, and shorten the hospitalized days.

OBJECTIVETo compare the differences in intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) and arterial oxygenation between selective left lower lobar blockade by Coopdech endobronchial blocker tubes (BB) and one lung ventilation (OLV) by left-sided double-lumen endobronchial tubes (DLT) in patients with normal pulmonary function.

METHODSThirty-six patients (aged 32-64 years) scheduled for lower esophageal surgery were allocated randomly into BB and DLT groups (n=18). Anesthesia was induced and maintained with Propofol by target controlled infusion with intravenous administration of sufentanil and cisatracurium if needed. A 35 to 39 French tube was placed in the DLT group, and an 8.0-mm (internal diameter) single-lumen endotracheal tube was used in the BB group where a 9 French Coopdech BB was advanced into the left lower lobar bronchus guided by a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The variables recorded were blood gas analysis data from the venous and arterial blood samples at 20 min after two-lung ventilation in supine position (T(1)), 20 min after initiation of one-lung ventilation or selective left lower lobar blockade by inflating BB balloons in the right lateral decubitus position (T(2)), total collapse of the left lung or the left lower lobe after the pleura was opened (T(3)), and before tracheal extubation (T(4)). Qs/Qt was calculated using a standard formula based on the three-compartment model. Upon pleura opening, the effectiveness of lung collapse was evaluated by the surgeon who performed the surgery. Chest radiograph and arterial blood gas analyses were performed the day after the operation.

RESULTSBoth of the groups were similar with regard to rank of the surgical exposure, pH, PaCO(2), hemoglobin from T(1) to T(4), Qs/Qt, PaO(2), PO(2), and oxygenation index at T1. In BB group, a significant reduction of Qs/Qt and greater improvements in PaO(2), PO(2), oxygenation index at T(2), T(3) and T(4) were observed in comparison with those in DLT group (P<0.05 or <0.01). No lobe collapse was observed postoperatively in BB group, but 2 patients in DLT group showed left lower lobe atelectasis. The patients in BB group showed better postoperative arterial oxygenation and shorter postoperative hospital stay (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSelective left lower lobar blockade by Coopdech endobronchial blocker tube during lower esophageal surgery provides a lower intraoperative intrapulmonary shunt and a better intra- and postoperative arterial oxygenation..

Adult ; Blood Gas Analysis ; Bronchoscopes ; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure ; instrumentation ; methods ; Esophageal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Female ; Fiber Optic Technology ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; methods ; Lung ; physiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oxygen ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacology ; Pulmonary Ventilation ; Thoracic Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To investigate the effect of cnrcumin on the expression of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG) in glioma C6 cell line. Methods Glioma C6 cells were allocated into the control group and 3 cttrcnmin treatment groups with curcumin treatment at 10, 20 and 30 μmol/L for 24 h. After the treatments, PTTG mRNA and protein expressions in the cells were detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Results The expression levels of PTTG mRNA in the 4 groups, showed significant differences between any two groups (P<0.01). Significant differences were also found in PTTG protein expressions between the 4 groups of C6 cells after the treatment (P<0.01). Conclusions Cureumin can down-regulate PTTG expression at both the mRNA and protein levels in glioma C6 cells in a dose-dependent manner.

Objective To investigate the chemotherapeutic sensitivity of glioma cells influenced by RNA interference of pituitary tumor transforming gene (PTTG). Methods The glioma U251 cell line was divided into normal control group, TMZ treatment group, PTTG shRNA infection group and PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ treatment group. Cells in the later 2 groups were treated with PTTG shRNA and PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ. MTT assay and flow cytometry were employed to detect the cell proliferation and apoptosis of U251 cell line, respectively. Results The outcome of MTT assay showed that the growth and survive abilities were influenced after treating with PTTG shRNA and PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ; the optical density (OD) value of the control group, TMZ group,PTTG shRNA treatment group and PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ treatment group were (0.85±0.07),(0.58±0.06), (0.55±0.07) and (0.41 ±0.05), respectively. The inhibitory rate of cell proliferation in the TMZ treatment group, PTTG shRNA treatment group and PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ treatment group were (31.56±5.51 )%, (35.53±4.60)%, (51.49±6.74)%, respectively; statistical significance between control group and both PTTG shRNA group and TMZ group was noted (P＜0.05); and statistical significance between group PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ and both PTTG shRNA group and TMZ group was noted too. The apoptosis rate in the control group, TMZ group, PTTG shRNA group and PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ group were (6.29±0.78)%, (33.63±4.88)%, (39.61 ±4.95)% and (66.23±7.60)%, respectively, 48 h after the treatment; significant differences were found between the control group and both PTTG shRNA group and TMZ group (P＜0.05); and statistical increased apoptosis rate in the PTTG shRNA combined with TMZ group was noted as compared that in the PTTG shRNA group and TMZ group (P＜0.05). Conclusion PTTG RNA interference, by inhibiting the cell proliferation and inducing the apoptosis of glioma cells, up-regulates the chemotherapeutic sensitivity and improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of transcription factor SOX4 in lung cancer tissues of female patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province, and explore its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of the female patients.

METHODSReal-time PCR was applied on lung cancer specimens and their corresponding normal lung tissues from 96 female cases of Xuanwei area to assess the expression of SOX4 mRNA. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to investigate the SOX4 protein expression, and further to elucidate its correlation with clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis.

RESULTSThe expression level of SOX4 mRNA in the cancer tissues (2.53 ± 1.65) was significantly higher than that of matched normal tissues (1.43 ± 1.14, P = 0.003). Immunohistochemical staining showed that there were 53.1% (51/96) positive expression of SOX4 protein in the cancer tissue and only 26.0% (25/96) in matched normal tissue (P < 0.001). The expression of SOX4 protein had a significant correlation with clinical stage, lymph node metastasis and differentiation of tumor (P < 0.05). The survival analysis by Kaplan-Meier method showed that patients with positive expression of SOX4 protein, lymph node metastasis and advanced tumor stage had a significantly shorter median survival time (P < 0.05). Cox regression survival analysis showed that pathological grade was a significant independent factor affecting prognosis.

CONCLUSIONSThe expressions of SOX4 mRNA and protein are significantly up-regulated in Xuanwei female lung cancer patients. Patients with positive SOX4 expression have a shorter median survival time. SOX4 protein expression level combined with pathological grade can be used as a prognostic indicator of female lung cancer patients in Xuanwei area, Yunnan Province.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; China ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Proportional Hazards Models ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; SOXC Transcription Factors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Survival Rate ; Up-Regulation

Objective To understand the forming cause of the Oncomelania hupensis snail-existent non-endemic areas of schistosomiasis(SENEAS),and to verify the conclusion of previous studies,so as to provide the evidence for schistosomiasis monitoring in such areas in Nantong City,Jiangsu Province. Methods The controlled field tests were carried out to observe the O. hupensis snails artificially infected by schistosome miracidia in SENEAS. The influence of the soil from SENEAS and the en-demic areas on O. hupensis snails artificially infected by miracidia were observed. Results All the experimental snails could be infected by schistosome miracidia except the smooth-shell snails from Tangyuan Village in the controlled field test environment of SENEAS or the endemic areas. The infection rates of the smooth-shell snails were lower than those of the ribbed-shell snails , but there were no statistically significant differences. The mortality rates of the smooth-shell snails were higher than those of the ribbed-shell snails,which were statistically significant (χ2Xindian = 135.118,χ2Shuangdian = 122.836,χ2Baipu =154.436,χ2Dingyan =138.288,χ2Control=151.923,all P<0.01). There were no significant differences in the infection rates of snails between each test group of the soil from SENEAS and the endemic areas(χ2Rugao=0.071,χ2Rudong=0.216,both P>0.05). Also there was no signifi-cant difference between each test group and the control group without soil(χ2=7.148,P>0.05). Conclusion It is likely to form the spread of schistosomiasis in SENEAS in Nantong City with sufficient amount of infection source of schistosomiasis im-ported. It is still necessary to implement the surveillance of schistosomiasis and O. hupensis snails in Nantong City.

BACKGROUNDThe interaction between activated microglia and T lymphocytes can yield abundant pro-inflammatory cytokines. Our previous study proved that thymus immune tolerance could alleviate the inflammatory response. This study aimed to investigate whether intrathymic injection of myelin basic protein (MBP) in mice could suppress the inflammatory response after co-culture of T lymphocytes and BV-2 microglia cells.

METHODSTotally, 72 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 24 in each): Group A: intrathymic injection of 100 μl MBP (1 mg/ml); Group B: intrathymic injection of 100 μl phosphate-buffered saline (PBS); and Group C: sham operation group. Every eight mice in each group were sacrificed to obtain the spleen at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively. T lymphocytes those were extracted and purified from the spleens were then co-cultured with activated BV-2 microglia cells at a proportion of 1:2 in the medium containing MBP for 3 days. After identified the T lymphocytes by CD3, surface antigens of T lymphocytes (CD4, CD8, CD152, and CD154) and BV-2 microglia cells (CD45 and CD54) were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of pro-inflammatory factors of BV-2 microglia cells (interleukin [IL]-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], and inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]) were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference test were used for data analysis.

RESULTSThe levels of CD152 in Group A showed an upward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with a downward trend from the 7th to 14th day (20.12 ± 0.71%, 30.71 ± 1.14%, 13.50 ± 0.71% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P < 0.05). The levels of CD154 in Group A showed a downward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with an upward trend from the 7th to 14th day (10.00 ± 0.23%, 5.28 ± 0.69%, 14.67 ± 2.71% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P < 0.05). The ratio of CD4+/CD8 + T in Group A showed a downward trend from the 3rd to 7th day, with the minimum at postoperative day 7, then an upward trend from the 7th to 14th day (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of CD45 and CD54 in Group A were found as the same trend as the ratio of CD4+/CD8 + T (CD45: 83.39 ± 2.56%, 82.74 ± 2.09%, 87.56 ± 2.11%; CD54: 3.80 ± 0.24%, 0.94 ± 0.40%, 3.41 ± 0.33% at postoperative days 3, 7, and 14, respectively, P < 0.05). The expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and iNOS in Group A were significantly lower than those in Groups B and C, and the values at postoperative day 7 were the lowest compared with those at postoperative days 3 and 14 (P < 0.05). No significant difference was found between Groups B and C.

CONCLUSIONSIntrathymic injection of MBP could suppress the immune reaction that might reduce the secondary immune injury of brain tissue induced by an inflammatory response.

Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; pharmacology ; Antigens, Surface ; analysis ; Brain Injuries, Traumatic ; drug therapy ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Coculture Techniques ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microglia ; immunology ; Myelin Basic Protein ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo establish a quantitative method of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) for determining ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re and notoginsenoside R1 for the purpose of the quality control of Panax notoginseng.

METHODThe relative correction factors (RCFs) between the five active saponins were determined by HPLC-DAD. With any of the five consituents as reference, a QAMS method was established for detect the quantitation of the other four consituents. The durability of the method was evaluated with five different HPLC instruments, five different Cis18 chromatographic columns and four detective wavelengths. Subsequently, the new QAMS method was used to determine the contents of five saponins contained in 43 batches of notoginseng samples, and compare with external standard methods, in order to evaluate the accuracy of the QAMS method.

RESULTWhen the five saponins were taken for reference, there was no significant difference between the contents of Rg1, Rb1, Rd, Re and R1 contained in the 43 batches of medicines calculated by the QAMS method (Wf) and the content determination result of the external standard method (Ws). The ratio of their results was (Ws/Wr) (94.02 +/- 2.11)%-(99.75 +/- 0.79)%, suggesting that the method was highly accurate. Their relative correction factors showed good durability, ranging between 0.42%-3.7%, 0.52%-3.5% and 0.79%-4.9%, respectively, with different chromatographic columns, different instruments and different detective wavelengths. The relative retention value method could be adopted for accurately position the chromatographic peak of the five consituents, with their values ranging between 0.18%-13%.

CONCLUSIONAn accurate, rapid and highly durable QAMS method is established for simultaneous determination and location of five saponins, so as to provide reliable basis for the application of the QAMS method in quality control of traditional Chinese medicines.

China ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Ginsenosides ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Molecular Structure ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Quality Control

Treatment of large bone defects caused by trauma, osteomyelitis, and tumors has been a major challenge in clinical. In the past, there have been many ways to repair and reconstruct the large bone defects. However, there is a long period of treatment, high technical requirement and complications such as ununion. After Masquelet reported the induced membrane technology in 2000, the technique was widely used in treatment of trauma, osteomyelitis, and large bone defects caused by tumors. It has been obtained good results. It has the advantages of short course, high healing rate, easy operation and easy to master. The induced membrane has unique structural characteristics and biological characteristics. There are many kinds of osteogenic factors that are included in the membrane, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, and morphogenetic protein-2, transforming growth factor-β1, etc. These osteogenic factors contribute to accelerate bone healing. With the development of induced membrane technology. The technology of Reamer Irrigator Aspirator technology, engineering tissue technology and internal fixation is used in clinic.It can provide bone source, promote bone defect reconstruction, improve long-term limb function and reduce complications.This paper retrospectively summarizes the experimental research and clinical progress of Masquelet technique in the treatment of large bone defects.

Objective: To review the surgical modality with pterional keyhole approach in treatment of anterior circulation aneurysm.Methods: Three hundred and thirteen patients with ruptured anterior circulation intracranial aneurysm treated surgically with pterional keyhole approach between January 2009 and June 2014 in Department of Neurosurgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, were included in the analysis. Complete occlusion rate of aneurysms and incidence of major complications including delayed cerebral ischemia and chronic hydrocephalus were documented.Surgical outcomes at 6-month follow up were assessed by modified Rankin Scale.Results: Totally 348 aneurysms were treated with pterional keyhole approach, 326 aneurysms were completely clipped, 16 aneurysms were partly clipped, and 6 aneurysms were wrapped with gauze material. Among 313 patients, 15 patients (4.79%) suffered from delayed cerebral ischemia, and 10 patients (3.19%) suffered from hydrocephalus.At the 6-month follow up, the rate of good outcome was 66.77% (209/313).Conclusions: The pterional keyhole approach can be used to clip most of anterior circulation aneurysms, and it seems to have advantages over the traditional approaches with lower incidence of complications and similar outcomes.