The composition of intestinal microflora is closely related to the occurrence and development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Among them, Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn) has been proved directly related to the recurrence, metastasis and chemotherapy resistance of CRC. Therefore, it is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer by the exploration potential anti-Fn drug targets and discovery small molecule drugs. However, no selective anti-Fn small molecule inhibitors have been reported so far as well as their anti-Fn thereby "anti-Fn further anticancer" mechanisms are unclear. Herein, this article reviews the potential therapeutic targets and small molecule ligands of Fn in order to provide a reference for the development of anti-Fn and anti-CRC small molecule drugs.

ObjectiveTo explore the Apolipoprotein-E （ApoE） gene polymorphism in patients with Alzheimer's disease （AD）, vascular dementia (VD) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI). MethodsPeripheral blood was taken from patient with AD, VD or MCI to determine the ApoE genotypes. ResultsThe most of the patients were ε3/ε3 genotype, while the ε2/ε2 and ε4/ε4 could not be detected. ε3/ε4 genotype （P=0.001） and ApoE ε4 allele （P=0.013） was more frequent in AD than in MCI. ApoE ε4 was more frequent in VD than in MCI （P=0.044）. ConclusionApoE ε4 allele is a risk factor in AD, and may be associated with VD and MCI.

Objective To understand the correlation of enterovirus 71 (EV71), P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSG L-1), and scavenger receptor B2 (SCARB2) and to explore the possible pathway and mechanismof EV71 infection by observing the expression of EV71, PSG L-1 and SCARB2 in tissues of infants with brain stemencephalitis. Methods T he organs and tissues of infants with EV71-VP1 positivi-ty in their brain stems were chosen. Expression and distribution of EV71-VP1, PSG L-1, and SCARB2 were detected and compared by immunohistochemistry. Results Strong staining of EV71-VP1 was ob-served in the neuron, glial cells, the inflammatory cells of perivascular cuffing, parietal cells of the gas-tric fundus gland while alveolar macrophages, intestinal gland epitheliumcells, mucosa lymphoid nodule and lymphocyte of palatine tonsil showed moderate staining and weak staining were displayed in mesen-teric lymph nodes and lymphocyte of spleen. PSG L-1 expression was detected in parietal cells of the gastric fundus gland, tonsillar crypt squamous epithelium, alveolar macrophages and leukocytes in each tissue. SCARB2 expression was observed in all the above tissues except the intestines and spleen. Con-clusion T he distribution of EV71 correlates with SCARB2 expression. SCARB2 plays an important role in virus infection and replication. Stomach may be an important site for EV71 replication.

Natural products are important sources for the discovery of anti-tumor drugs. Evodiamine is the main alkaloid component of the traditional Chinese herb Wu-Chu-Yu, and it has weak antitumor activity. In recent years, a number of highly active antitumor candidates have been discovered with a significant progress. This article reviews the research progress of evodiamine-based antitumor drug design strategies, in order to provide reference for the development of new drugs with natural products as leads.

Adult ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Hamartoma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male

To compare the effects of inoculated or non-inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the steroidal saponin component in root of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis. By pot experiments, steroid saponin component in root of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was determined and compared by HPLC. The results showed there was difference in the effects of different AM fungal on the secondary metabolite steroid saponin in P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. After elicitors treatment, AM fungal did not change the chemical backgrounds of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis, but can improve partly the content of chemical compositions in roots. In conclusion, there was selectivity between AM fungal and P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. Glomus intraradices was the most appropriate strain for inoculation P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis.
Liliaceae ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Mycorrhizae ; growth & development ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; microbiology ; Saponins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the single nucleotide polymorphism of NOS1AP gene with sudden unexpected death (SUD) during daily activities. METHODS: The heart blood samples were collected from 60 SUD cases in normal daily activities as SUD group and the peripheral blood samples from 80 random unrelated cases as control group. The genome DNAs from all cases were isolated and the gene sequences were analyzed from specific primers of some SNP (rs10494366, rs10918859, rs12143842, rs12742393, rs3751284, and rs348624) of NOS1AP. The allele frequency and genotype frequency were calculated and the difference in these SNP between SUD group and control group were analyzed. RESULTS: The allele frequency and genotype frequency of rs3751284 which located at the sixth exon domain had significant statistical differences between the two groups (P<0.05). The minor allele frequency of rs3751284 was 0.325 in SUD group and was 0.475 in control group. CONCLUSION rs3751284 might be a susceptibility locus for SUD.
Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/genetics* ; Asian People/genetics* ; Death, Sudden ; Exons ; Gene Frequency ; Genotype ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

OBJECTIVE: To understand the correlation of enterovirus 71 (EV71), P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), and scavenger receptor B2 (SCARB2) and to explore the possible pathway and mechanism of EV71 infection by observing the expression of EV71, PSGL-1 and SCARB2 in tissues of infants with brain stem encephalitis. METHODS: The organs and tissues of infants with EV71-VP1 positivity in their brain stems were chosen. Expression and distribution of EV71-VP1, PSGL-1, and SCARB2 were detected and compared by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS: Strong staining of EV71 -VP1 was observed in the neuron, glial cells, the inflammatory cells of perivascular cuffing, parietal cells of the gastric fundus gland while alveolar macrophages, intestinal gland epithelium cells, mucosa lymphoid nodule and lymphocyte of palatine tonsil showed moderate staining and weak staining were displayed in mesenteric lymph nodes and lymphocyte of spleen. PSGL-1 expression was detected in parietal cells of the gastric fundus gland, tonsillar crypt squamous epithelium, alveolar macrophages and leukocytes in each tissue. SCARB2 expression was observed in all the above tissues except the intestines and spleen. CONCLUSION The distribution of EV71 correlates with SCARB2 expression. SCARB2 plays an important role in virus infection and replication. Stomach may be an important site for EV71 replication.
Brain Stem/virology* ; Encephalitis, Viral/virology* ; Enterovirus A, Human/metabolism* ; Enterovirus Infections/virology* ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Infant ; Leukocytes ; Lysosome-Associated Membrane Glycoproteins ; Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism* ; Receptors, Scavenger/metabolism* ; Receptors, Virus/metabolism*

AIM To investigate the effects of diosgenin on autophagy of human osteosarcoma cells.METHODS Human osteosarcoma MG63 and U2OS cells with or without exposure to diosgenin had their proliferation detected by MTT assay,their ultrastructure observed by transmission electron microscopy,their expression of autophagy protein Beclin1 observed by immunofluorescence staining,and their expressions of autophagy molecular markers LC3,Beclin1 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins detected by Western blot.The MG63 and U2OS cells cotreated with diosgenin and PI3K pathway inhibitor LY294002 had the expression of Beclin1 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR.The MG63 and U2OS cells cotreated with autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine(3-MA)had their inhibition rate of proliferation detected by MTT assay,their expression of cleaved-caspase3 protein detected by Western blot,and their expression of caspase3 mRNA detected by RT-qPCR.RESULTS Upon osteosarcoma MG63 and U2OS cells,diosgenin inhibited their proliferation,promoted the generation of autophagosomes,increased the protein expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin1(P<0.05,P<0.01),reduced the protein expression of LC3 I(P<0.01),and inhibited the protein phosphorylation level of PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway(P<0.05,P<0.01),whose effects were offset by the intervention with autophagy inhibitors in terms of the reduced proliferation inhibition and down-regulated expressions of caspase3 mRNA and cleaved-caspase3 protein(P<0.01).CONCLUSION Diosgenin can inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma cells and induce their autophagy leading to their death and autophagy apoptosis,which may be related to the activation of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and up-regulation of the expression of LC3 Ⅱ and Beclin1 proteins.

Objective To examine the expression of Ezrin in human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma and investigate the effects of Ezrin gene silence on cell proliferation, apoptosis and invasion of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC)-M. Methods The expression of Ezrin was detected by immunohistochemistry in normal salivary gland tissue( n = 15 ), pleomorphic adenoma( n = 40) and salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma (n = 43). The Ezrin StealthTM RNAi Duplex, containing StealthTM RNAi Negtive Control Duplex were contracted and transfected into ACC-M cells by Lipofectamine TM 2000. The expression levels of Ezrin were detected by RT-PCR and immunohistoehemistry. The cell cycle and apoptosis rate were analyzed by flow cytomtery (FCM). The cell proliferation was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) and cell invasion by Transwell test. Results The positive rate of Ezrin expression in ACC was significantly higher than that in normal salivary gland tissue and plecmorphic adenoma (P <0. 05). After transfection of Ezrin StealthTM RNAi Duplex, the mRNA and protein expression of Ezrin were down-reguLated, the cell proliferation activity was inhibited, the GO-G1 Phase cells were increased, and the apoptosis rate of Ezrin StealthTM RNAi Duplex group was higher than that in control groups and cell invasion ability was decressed. Conclusions Over expression of Ezrin in human salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma may promote genesis, development and metastasis of tumors. Ezrin StealthTM RNAi Duplex could efficiently down-regulate the expression of Ezrin gene, and partly inhibite proliferation of ACC-M cells,induce apoptosis and degrease invasion ability of these cells in vitro.