Objective This study investigated the use of interventional bronchoscopic techniques in management of patients with tracheobronchial tuberculosis.Methods In this retrospective study,we analyzed the clinical data of 76 patients with endobronchial tuberculosis.All patients underwent bronchoscopy examination and diagnosed by pathology.According to different treatments,the patients were divided into two groups,the observation group (56 cases) adopted by bronchoscopy and chemotherapy and the control group (20 cases) adopted by chemotherapy only.The general features,treatment effectiveness in the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results Compared with the control group,the sputum negative rate,the recovery rate of symptom,and the total effective rate were higher (P ＜ 0.05).No severe side effects were found in the two groups.There was a positive relationship among frequency of bronchoscopy,the area of lesion (r =0.296,P =0.025 ＜ 0.05) and the type of histology (r =0.323,P =0.014 ＜ 0.05).Conclusions It is concluded that interventional bronchoseopic techniques are useful in management of patients with endobronchial tuberculosis.

Objective To exclude false positivities in detection of IgM antibodies against hepatitis E vires of genotype 4 (HEV-4) using a truncated immunodominant polypeptide of HEV open reading frames (ORF2). Methods The recombinant ORF2 immunodominant polypeptide corresponding to amino acids (AA) 459-607 and a truncated polypeptide corresponding to AA 472-607 were separately applied to coat ELISA plates. Anti-HEV IgM from 35 serum samples with HEV RNA positive, 69 serum samples from healthy individuals and 117 clinically suspicious HEV RNA positive serum samples was detected by an indirect ELISA and was confirmed by western blot in protein level and RT-PCR detecting in RNA level. Results Western blot analysis showed that the sera from HEV patients reacted with the dimmer of peptide 459-607, but they didn't react with the monomer and peptide 472-607. The ELISA showed that all 35 serum HEV RNA positive samples reacted with peptide 459-607 but not with peptide 472-607 and none of the 69 serum samples from healthy individuals reacted with either polypeptide. Among 117 chnically suspicious HEV RNA serum samples, 5 samples reacted simultaneously with both polypeptides. But the difference between 450 nm absorbance (A450) value was less than 0. 5. Western blot analysis demonstrated that all the 5 serum samples were anti-HEV IgM- negative. The 5 serum samples was detected negative by RT-PCR, indicating that the false pesitivities were caused by non-specific absorption. Conclusions ORF2 peptide 459-607 may be used to detect anti-HEV lgM efficiently. The false positivities caused by non-specific absorption can be largely excluded according to the difference between 45Ohm absorbance (A450) value when serum reacts with both polypeptides.

Objective To investigate the effects of pioglitazone on glucose metabolism,circulating resistin and adiponectin concentrations,and tissue resistin levels in rats with insulin resistance induced by free fatty acid (FFA).Methods A hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp and[3-~3H]-glucose tracing technique were used in awake rats.Insulin-mediated peripheral and hepatic glucose metabolism,plasma resistin and adipenectin levels, resistin levels in tissues were assessed by hyperinsulinaemic-euglycaemic clamp with elevation of FFA by lipid infusion over 4 h in rats pretreated with or without pioglitazone.Results During steady-state of clamp,there was a significant increase in plasma FFA in lipid-infused group(L group)and pioglitazone-pretreated lipid-infused group(P/L group)compared to control rats(P＜0.01).The glucose infusion rate(GIR)in P/L group was significantly reduced as compared with controls[(20.6?0.9 vs 33.6?1.5)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1),P＜0.01], whereas the GIR was lower in L group than in P/L group[(12.6?0.8 vs 20.6?0.9)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1),P＜0.01].As compared with baseline,the hepatic glucose production(HGP)was significantly suppressed by 85% [(18.3?2.1 vs 2.7+2.4)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1) and (17.5?2.6 vs 2.6?1.0)mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1),both P＜0.01]during the hyperinsulinaemic clamp in control and P/L groups.The suppressive effect of insulin on HGP was significantly blunted in L group[(17.3?2.1 vs 15.8?1.5]mg?kg~(-1)?min~(-1)].The rate of glucose disappearance(G_(Rd))was reduced in L group and P/L group compared with controls(P＜0.01).Baseline plasma resistin level was lower in P/L group than that in the controls[(7.8?1.3 vs 29.1?3.1)?g/L,P＜0.01].After lipid infusion,plasma resistin levels significantly increased in P/L group,but remained lower than that of L group [(18.1?3.8 vs 47.0?2.2)?g/L,P＜0.01].Baseline adiponectin level was higher in P/L group than those in the controls and L groups[(3.9?0.2 vs 2.8?0.1 and 2.6?0.2)mg/L,P＜0.01].After clamp,plasma adiponectin levels were decreased in L group and L/P group compared with baseline(both P＜0.05).In addition, the resistin level in the liver of P/L group decreased compared with the controls and L groups(both P＜0.05), whereas significantly increased in the muscle of L group.Conclusion Lipid infusion induces an acute insulin- resistance in vivo.Pioglitazone pretreatment partly prevents FFA-induced insulin resistance possibly by changing resistin and adiponectin levels.

Objective To evaluate the effects of portoenterostomy (Kasai surgery) on living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) for children with biliary atresia (BA). Methods A total of 150 children with BA, who were treated with LDLT in our center from September 2006 to September 2014, were retrospectively analysed. The children were categorized into Kasai group (90 cases, 60%) and non-Kasai (60 cases, 40%) group, based on whether they had previously undergone Kasai procedure pre-LDLT. Clinical data, incidence of complications and accumulated survival rates were compared between two groups. Results The ages of pediatric patients were 4.9-87.0 months. The patient age and height were significantly higher in Kasai group than those of non-Kasai group (P<0.05). The serum bilirubin level was lower before surgery in Kasai group than that of non-Kasai group (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in body weight, pediatric end stage of liver disease (PELD) score, graft to recipient body weight ratio (GRWR), operation time and blood loss between two groups ( P>0.05). Similarly, there were no significant differences in pulmonary infection, acute rejection, portal vein thrombosis, hepatic artery occlusion and biliary complications between the two groups (P>0.05). The overall complication rate of post-LDLT was 61.1%in Kasai group, which was higher than that in non-Kasai group (43.3%,χ2=4.580, P=0.032). Totally, there were 7 cases (4.7%) died on post-LDLT, in which there were 6 cases (4.0%) in Kasai group including 5 cases of multiple organ
failure and 1 case of severe pulmonary infection, and 1 case (0.7%) in non-Kasai group, who died of multiple organ failure due to preoperative gastrointestinal bleeding for emergency surgery. There were no serious complications and death in donors. The overall cumulative survival rates were 98.6%, 96.6%, 94.9%and 92.7%in 1 month, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after LDLT, respectively. And there were no significant differences in survival rates in 1 month, 1 year, 3 years and 5 years between two groups (χ2=1.490, P=0.222) with the rates of 98.9%, 96.5%, 93.8%, 91.3%in Kasai group and 98.3%, 96.6%, 96.4%, 95.5% in non-Kasai group. Conclusion Performing Kasai procedure can acquire satisfied results to pediatric patients with BA pre-LDLT, without increasing the incidence of major complications and mortality post-LDLT. And the accumulated survival rate is not different in pediatric patients received Kasai surgery compared with that in non-Kasai patient. Besides that, Kasai surgery might postpone the time of receiving LDLT, benefit to the growth of children and reduce the jaundice of pre-LDLT.

In order to investigate the prevalence and track genetic and antigenic evolutions of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) and their prevalence in Guangxi, China since 1985, gene amplification and sequencing and virus neutralization (VN) test on chicken embryo tracheal organ cultures were used in genotyping and serotyping of 28 IBV isolates during 2009-2011 in Guangxi. The results of N gene sequencing and comparison showed that the 28 isolates and reference strains were classified into three groups, and most isolates belonged to group Ill, while the isolates in 1985-2008 belonged to groups IV and II. The data of VN test indicated that the 28 isolates belonged to 6 serotypes; among them, 71. 4% belonged to serotypes 1, 2, and 3, and 11 (39.3%) shared the same serotype with the current vaccine strains. Given the data of our previous study, it is found that prevalent serotypes and their proportions varied in different areas of Guangxi and during different periods. These data lay a good foundation for developing an oil-emulsified inactivated polyvalent vaccine containing local dominant serotypes for the effective prevention and control of infectious bronchitis.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; immunology ; Chick Embryo ; Chickens ; China ; epidemiology ; Coronavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; immunology ; veterinary ; virology ; Infectious bronchitis virus ; classification ; genetics ; immunology ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; epidemiology ; immunology ; virology

This study was purposed to directly induce murine embryonic stem cells (ESC) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) by simulating the spatial and temporal hematopoietic microenvironment changes in embryonic development, and to investigate the function of in vivo hematopoietic reconstitution of these HSC. E14 ESC were induced into embryoid body (EB) firstly. Then the cells from EB were further co-cultured with human aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region, fetal liver (FL) and bone marrow (BM) stromal cells in Transwell non-contact system in sequential orders. After 6 days of each co-cultured stage, the induced cells derived from EB were collected to analyze the Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) cells by flow cytometry, check teratoma formation and transplant to BALB/C female mice exposed to lethal dose (60)Co γ-ray. The recipient mice were divided randomly into 5 groups: AGM, AGM + FL, AGM + FL + BM, irradiation control and normal control groups. The survival rates, hematopoietic reconstitution and engraftment of donor cells in the different groups were monitored. The results showed that Sca-1(+)c-Kit(+) cell level in EB cells co-cultured with human AGM region and FL stromal cells reached to peak value (21.96 ± 2.54)%. Teratomas could be found in NOD-SCID mice after subcutaneous injection of EB cells co-cultured with human AGM region stromal cells, while there was no teratoma in the mice after subcutaneous injection of EB cells induced by human AGM region and FL stromal cells. The recipients in AGM group and irradiation control group all died. The survival rate was 77.8% in AGM+FL group, and 66.7% in AGM+FL+BM group. The peripheral blood cell count was near normal at day 21 after transplantation, and Sry gene copies from donor could be detected in recipient mice of these two groups. It is concluded that sequentially inductive system with feeder cells from human AGM region, fetal liver and bone marrow simulating embryonic defined hematopoiesis procedures can enhance the directed differentiation of ESC into HSC which can safely reconstitute hematopoiesis in vivo.
Animals ; Aorta ; Cell Differentiation ; Cells, Cultured ; Coculture Techniques ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Female ; Hematopoiesis ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesonephros ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, SCID

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of human aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region stromal cells on differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells (ESC) into hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) in vitro and to clarify their effect mechanism. E14 murine ESC were induced into embryo body (EB) firstly. Then the EB cells were further co-cultured with the stromal cells from human AGM region, fetal liver (FL) or bone marrow (BM) in Transwell non-contact system. According to the different culture methods, the EB cells were divided into 6 groups including EB control group, AGM group, FL group, BM group, AGM + FL group and AGM + BM group. The induced cells derived from EB were collected for Sca-1(+)/c-Kit(+) cells analysis by flow cytometry and colony forming unit (CFU) assay. The results showed that Sca-1(+)/c-Kit(+) cell proportion of EB cells significantly increased after being induced by different stromal cells (p < 0.01). The AGM + FL group had most Sca-1(+)/c-Kit(+) cells for the positive cell proportion reached (21.96 ± 2.54) % (p < 0.01). The Sca-1(+)/c-Kit(+) cell proportion of AGM + BM group was much high than that of BM group too (p < 0.01). The EB control group showed CFU amount less than any other groups, while the CFU amount of AGM + FL, AGM + BM groups were higher, especially in the AGM + FL group (p < 0.01). It is concluded that the human AGM region stromal cells may help to maintain certain number of primitive HSC with high proliferation potential. Human AGM region, FL or BM stromal cells, applied in sequential orders, can significantly expand in vitro the primitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells derived from ESC.
Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Line ; Coculture Techniques ; Embryonic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cells ; cytology ; Humans ; Mesonephros ; cytology ; Mice ; Stromal Cells ; cytology

OBJECTIVETo observe the central nervous system symptoms and alterations in the blood indicators in rats within a short term after benzene poisoning.

METHODTwenty-four female SD rats were randomized into 4 equal groups to receive intraperitoneal injection of low-, medium- or high-dose benzene (39.05, 78.11, and 234.33 mg/kg, respectively) or peanut oil. Blood samples were taken from the rats via the femoral artery 24 h after the injections for routine blood test and liver and kidney function test.

RESULTSIntraperitoneal injection of benzene at a high dose, but not at a low or medium dose, caused obvious symptoms in the central nervous system. Benzene either at a low or medium dose did not produce obvious changes in routine blood test or liver and kidney function test as compared with the control group, but a high dose resulted in significant changes in WBC, PLT, ALT and AST (P<0.05). Abnormalities in the renal function were found in none of the groups (P>0.05).

CONCLUSIONExposure to high-dose benzene can result in abnormalities in the central nervous system, routine blood indicators and liver function, but does not obviously affect the kidney function in rats.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Benzene ; toxicity ; Blood Cell Count ; Central Nervous System Diseases ; chemically induced ; Female ; Kidney ; drug effects ; Liver ; drug effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo investigate the RHD zygosity of Rh(D)-positive Chinese Hans in order to study the mother-fetus Rh isoimmunization prophylaxis.

METHODSRh(D) blood group of 31 115 donors were serotyped, and the RHD zygosities were analyzed, or determined through a PCR method for 3628 donors of Rh(D)-positive individuals.

RESULTSAmong the 31 115 donors, 99 were tested Rh(D)-negative by indirect antiglobulin test (IAT) (0.318%). The d frequency was 0.056 41, D was 0.943 59, and Dd heterozygosity was 0.106 45 (10.6%). However the rate was 0.090 32 (about 9.0%) after excluding DEL (IAT-negative). For the 3628 PCR tested donors, 3383 were DD (93.2%), 245 were Dd (6.8%). After excluding nonfunctional RHD alleles, 7.4% of the donors were carrying one functional RHD. It showed that an Rh(D)-negative Chinese Han woman gives an Rh(D)-negative child at a rate of 3.7%-4.5% when her husband is Rh(D)-positive.

CONCLUSIONFetus Rh(D) genotyping may be unnecessary for Chinese Hans if invasive operation was needed for prenatal diagnosis. The Rh prophylaxis could be chosen assuming an Rh(D)-positive fetus.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; ethnology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System ; blood ; genetics

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; genetics ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Tumor Cells, Cultured ; Young Adult