In this study, based on its enhancement effect on resonance light scattering (RLS) of fluorosurfactant (FSN)-capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs), we reported a simple approach for the rapid sensing of captopril. Under optimum conditions, the lowest detectable concentration of captopril through this approach (S/N=3) was 0.01μg/mL. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.08-4.0μg/mL for the detection of captopril. The recoveries of captopril were found to fall in the range between 99% and 100%. We have validated the applicability of our method through the analyses of captopril in pharmaceutical formulations. Good agreements were obtained for the determination of captopril between the present approach and official method.

This study aimed to investigate the drug susceptibility of wild-type and mutant avian influenza A (H7N9) virus neuraminidase (NA) to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Codon optimized DNA of H7N9 (A/ Hangzhou/1/2013) NA was synthesized and constructed into the pcDNA3.1/His vector (NA(H7N9-WT)). Mutant NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) plasmids were constructed by directed mutagenesis PCR using NA(H7N9-WT) plasmid as the template followed by sequencing. NA plasmids were transfected into 293T cells and cell lysates containing NAs were collected 48 h post-transfection. Wild-type and mutant NAs were analyzed by Western blotting and their activities were tested by the 4-MUNANA-based assay. All three NAs were expressed and enzymatic activities were confirmed. The effects of oseltamivir and zanamivir on all three NAs were then tested. It showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of oseltamivir carboxylate on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.6 nM, 15.1 nM, and > 1 000 nM with fold changes of 9 and > 625, respectively. The IC50 values of zanamivir on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y), and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.1 nM, 1.4 nM, and 38.0 nM with fold changes of 1.3 and 34, respectively. These results indicated that oseltamivir and zanamivir could significantly inhibit NA(H7N9-WT). NA(H7N9-R292K) showed high-level resistance to both drugs (34-fold and 625-fold) and NA(H7N9-H274Y) was sensitive to both (1.3-fold and 9-fold). These results indicated that both oseltamivir and zanamivir could be used for patients infected with the H7N9 virus. However, when patients carried the H7N9 virus with a NA R292K mutation, other medications would be preferred over oseltamivir or zanamivir.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oseltamivir ; pharmacology ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Zanamivir ; pharmacology

Objective To conduct an empirical analysis of constitutes and changes of type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses and find out the differences and influencing factors so as to provide hospitals and related departments with the decision basis of controlling medical costs, arranging medical resources and optimizing systems.Methods Information of type 2 diabetes patients who had been admitted to a certain first-class grade one hospital in Ningxia from 2013 to 2016 were collected and categorized.Hospitalization costs and influencing factors of the patients were comprehensively analyzed through descriptive statistics, variance analysis and regression analysis.Results The medicine and examination costs as the constitutes of hospitalization expenses were too high.Gender, length of stay, age and diabetic complications were main contributory factors of type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses.Conclusion The costs of hospitalization of patients with type 2 diabetes are unreasonable and need to optimize.Type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses should be effectively controlled and medical resources should be reasonably used through standardizing treatment behavior, shortening length of stay, intensifying publicity and education, enhancing prevention and reinforcing follow-ups, expanding health insurance coverage and upgrading its level.

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Co, V, Se and Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES) . Methods:Through the detec-tion wavelength selection,the detection wavelength was confirmed as follows:220. 353 nm for Pb, 228. 802 nm for Cd, 188. 980 nm for As, 194. 164 nm for Hg, 228. 615 nm for Co, 311. 070 nm for V, 196. 026 nm for Se and 204. 598 nm for Mo. Through optimizing the instrument parameters, the optimal radio frequency power was 1. 3 kW, the nebulizer gas flow rate was 0. 7 L·min-1, and the pump speed was 10 r·min-1. By applying the above detection parameters, the 8 heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES simultaneously. Results: The linearity of the detected elements was good, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0. 9990. The detection limits were from 0. 12 to 7. 26 ng·ml-1 , the quantitation limits were from 0. 40 to 23. 96 ng·ml-1 and the recoveries were from 94. 1% to 103. 4% (RSD<3%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be applied in the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Objective To observe the effects of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on structure and function of mitochondria of lung in rats with acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS).Methods Forty healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, LPS injury group, and low-, middle-, and high-dose NaHS groups, with 8 rats in each group. The rats in LPS injury group were given LPS 5 mg/kg via sublingual vein, and those in low-, middle-, and high-dose NaHS groups were challenged by LPS for 3 hours followed by intraperitoneally injection of 0.78, 1.56 and 3.12 mg/kg NaHS respectively in a volume of 2 mL/kg. The rats in control group were given 2 mL/kg normal saline via sublingual vein. The rats were sacrificed at 6 hours after model reproduction, and the lung tissues were harvested on time. The mitochondria in lung tissues were isolated with differential centrifugation. The lung mitochondria ultra structures were observed with electron microscope. The content ofmalondialdehyde (MDA) in mitochondria was determined with thiobarbituric acid method, and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) were determined with xanthine oxidase method. The mitochondrial activity and swelling were determined by multiskan spectrum.Results It was shown by transmission electron microscope that the mitochondrial structure in the control group was normal. The mitochondria in rat lung cells was swollen with disrupted or disintegrated cristae, the osmiophilic lamellar bodies had fused or disappeared, and rough endoplasmic reticulum degranulation phenomenon was obvious in LPS injury group. The mitochondrial damage was slightly mitigated in the low-dose NaHS group, and it was significantly mitigated in the middle-dose and high-dose NaHS groups. Compared with control group, the MDA content in lung mitochondria in LPS injury group was significantly increased (nmol/mg: 26.30±1.45 vs. 11.16±1.20), andSOD, GSH-Px, and ATPase activities were significantly decreased [SOD (U/mg): 18.78±1.13 vs. 27.44±1.97, GSH-Px (U/mg): 63.91±1.99 vs. 128.15±3.47, ATPase (U/mg): 4.83±0.25 vs. 9.92±0.65]; as well as the activity of the mitochondria was significantly decreased (A value: 0.164±0.025 vs. 0.319±0.045), and the swelling of the mitochondria was significantly increased (A value: 0.182±0.012 vs. 0.273±0.023), all with significantly statistical differences (allP < 0.01). Compared with LPS injury group, the MDA contents in low-, middle-, and high-dose NaHS groups were significantly decreased (nmol/mg: 21.89±1.23, 17.63±1.56, 12.19±1.30 vs. 26.30±1.45), and the SOD, GSH-PX, and ATPase activities were significantly increased [SOD (U/mg): 20.13±0.85, 21.38±1.22, 24.05±1.56 vs. 18.78±1.13; GSH-Px (U/mg): 82.06±1.65, 101.45±2.14, 117.80±2.12 vs. 63.91±1.99; ATPase (U/mg): 5.34±0.23, 7.06±0.37, 8.78±0.44 vs. 4.83±0.25]; as well as the activity of the mitochondria was markedly increased (A value: 0.194±0.018, 0.230±0.032, 0.297±0.038 vs. 0.164±0.025), and the swelling of mitochondria was markedly decreased (A value: 0.195±0.008, 0.219±0.017, 0.249±0.018 vs. 0.182±0.012), all with significantly statistical differences (allP < 0.05). Moreover, the protective effect of NaHS showed a dose-dependent manner.Conclusion It could be concluded that LPS induce mitochondrial structural damage and functional impairment in rats with ALI induced by LPS, and H2S have a beneficial effect against ALI induced by LPS with decreasing the mitochondrial lipid peroxidation level and protecting the cell structure and function, and the effect is correlated with the dosage.

Objective:To analyze clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of B-cell lymphoma, unclassifiable, with features in-termediate between diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and Burkitt lymphoma (DLBCL/BL). Methods:The clinical and pathological data of 13 DLBCL/BL patients, who were treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2013 and December 2014, were collected. Overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Through the log-rank test, survival curves were compared among groups classified by clinical stage, age, serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) lev-el, international prognostic index (IPI) score, or first chemotherapy regimen. Results:Among the 13 patients with DLBCL/BL, 12 pa-tients showed extra-nodal involvement. The median OS and PFS were only 10 and 6 months, respectively. Univariate analysis showed that the LDH levels and IPI scores exerted statistically significant effects on prognosis. Some borderline differences in survival were not-ed among the CHOP, CHOP-like, and intensive chemotherapy groups. Conclusion:DLBCL/BL is an aggressive B-cell lymphoma with a short survival time. The majority of patients presented extra-nodal involvement. DLBCL/BL did not respond well to CHOP or CHOP-like regimen, and more intensive chemotherapy may improve survival. Elevated LDH levels and high IPI scores were predictors of poor sur-vival.

Objective To explore the normal range of cingulate cortex volumes of Chinese adults of the Han nationality and its relationship with age, which provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.Methods This is a clinical multi-center study.One thousand Chinese healthy volunteers ( age range = 18 to 70) recruited from 15 hospitals were divided into 5 groups, i.e.,Group A (age range = 18 to 30), B (age range=31 to 40), C (age range =41 to 50), D (age range =51 to 60), and E (age range =61 to 70).Each group contained 100 males and 100 females.All of the volunteers were scanned by MR using T1 weighted three-dimensional magnetization prepared rapid acquisition gradient echo sequence.Cingulate cortex volume (including bulk volume and the left/right volume) was measured semi-manually using 3D volume analysis software.Cingulate cortex volumes among age groups were compared by one-way ANOVA.Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes between sexualities were analyzed by paired samples t test.The relationship between cingulate cortex volume and age was analyzed by Pearson correlations and regression analysis.Results Cingulate cortex volumes of male and female were (20 347 ± 2504) and ( 19 432 ± 2184) mm3 respectively, and the male's was significantly larger than that of female's (two sample t'-test for independent samples, t'= 6.156, P < 0.05 ).Right and left cingnlate cortex volumes of male were ( 10 717 ± 1629) and (9630 ± 1498) mm3 respectively, and those of female's were ( 10 064 ± 1407 ) and ( 9368 ± 1441 )mm3 respectively.The volumes of cingulate cortex were significantly different between right and left in male or female ( t = - 12.960, - 8.511, P < 0.05 ),and right was larger than left.Bilateral cingulate cortex volume in male among group A, B, C, D and E[left: ( 10 132 ± 1291 ), ( 10 113 ± 1638), (9599 ± 1576), (9594 ± 1288), (8710 ± 1212) mm3 ; right:(11 212±1442), (11 096±1602), (11 040±1403), (10 633±1638), (9604±1522) mm3] had statistical differences (F = 16.738, 18.707, P < 0.01 ) ; and those in female among five age groups[left:(9689 ± 1426), (9652 ± 1676), (9347 ± 1500), (9098 ± 1225), (9053 ± 1233) mm3 ; fight: ( 10 558 ±1325), ( 10 266 ± 1463), ( 10 100 ± 1497), (9779 ± 1304), (9617 ± 1254) mm3] also had significant differences (F = 16.859,7.528,P <0.01 ).Bilateral cingnlate cortex volume in both male and female were negatively correlated with age ( r = - 0.330, - 0.324, - 0.169, - 0.243, P < 0.05 ), though the correlation coefficient is not high.Conclusions Cingnlate cortex volume could be accurately measured on the high-resolution MRI with 3D volume analysis software, which can provide morphological data for the construction of database for Chinese Standard Brain.The results may provide normal range for the diagnosis of the volumetric deficits of cingulate cortex.

Background and purpose: Sorafenib hepatocellular carcinoma assessment randomized protocol (SHARP) and sorafenib in patients in Asia-Pacific region with hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENTAL) had indicated that multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib could prolong overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) as well as improve progress free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug-related adverse events in the course of treatment restricted its clinical application to a certain degree. This study was aimed to summerize the adverse events as well as the management of sorafenib in our clinic. Methods: Twenty-five cases clinically diagnosed as advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled from January 2008 to October 2009. All the patients who received sorafenib treatment met inclusion criteria as followed: (1) Progression of disease after trans-hepatic arterial chemoembolization therapy; (2) Extensive portal vein cancerous thrombus formation; (3) Portal zone or retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis or multiple remote metastasis, such as lung or bone; (4) Diffused poor blood supply to tumor; (5) Inform consent was obtained. All adverse events with different grade were observed during the beginning 12 weeks, and clinical treatment were carried out relatively. Results: Total of 25 cases were enrolled. Nine patients died of the disease, 3 of them died during the first 12 weeks, 3 patients abandoned sorafenib treatment, among them 2 died before the finish of 12 weeks treatment and 1 patient discontinued 5 months after the sorafenib treatment. Twenty cases finally assigned. Number of patients encountered drug-related adverse events were: HFSR (hand-foot-skin-reaction) 4(4/20), diarrhea 4(4/20), alopecia 5(5/20), rasb 4(4/20), fatigue 8(8/20), leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia 4(4/20), elevated blood pressure 1(1/20) and abdominal pain 1(1/20). After clinical management, 20 patients' sorafenib treatment were eventually not affected by adverse events. Conclusion: Sorafenib was well-tolerated and is a safe option of treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of lentivirus mediated Bcl-2-associated athanogene 1L (BAG-1L) over-expression on human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SYSY) induced by hypoxia/re-oxygenation,and to study its effect on the phosphoinositide 3 kinase serine/threonine protein kinase (PI3K/AKT) pathway.Methods SH-SYSY cells were cultured in vitro,and the cells at logarithmic phase were collected,and they were divided into recombined lentiviral infection group [infected by lentivirus containing BAG-1L and green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene],vector control group (infected by lentivirus containing GFP without BAG-1L gene) and cell control group (non-infection).Western Blot was used to detect the expression of BAG-1L in target cells after infection for 48 hours.SH-SY5Y cells were subjected to hypoxia for 8 hours and re-oxygenation for 24 hours,then the cell counting kit-8(CCK-8) was used to detect the cell activity,and the apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry after allophycocyanin labeled annexin V/7-amino actinomycin D (Annexin V-APC/7-AAD) staining.Western Blot was used to detect the protein expressions of BAG-1L,heat shock protein 70 (HSP70),AKT and phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT).Results After infection for 48 hours,exogenous BAG-1L protein bands were observed in recombined lentiviral infection group,but not observed in cell control group and vector control group.After hypoxia/re-oxygenation treatment,the cell viability in recombined lentiviral infection group was significantly higher than that in cell control group and vector control group (A value:0.689 ± 0.036 vs.0.425 ± 0.013,0.400 ± 0.012),apoptosis was significantly decreased [apoptosis rate:(26.97 ± 1.82)％ vs.(36.60± 1.45)％,(35.77 ± 3.74)％],the protein levels of BAG-1L,HSP70 and p-AKT were significantly increased [BAG-1L protein (gray value):2.405 ± 0.167 vs.0.529 ± 0.141,0.601 ± 0.099;HSP70protein (gray value):0.997±0.123 vs.0.634±0.091,0.584±0.106;p-AKT protein (gray value):1.234±0.118 vs.0.661 ± 0.210,0.712 ± 0.199,all P ＜ 0.01],but the protein level of AKT was slightly increased (gray value:1.103 ± 0.269vs.0.646 ± 0.188,0.791 ± 0.326) without statistically significant differences (both P ＞ 0.05).There was no significant difference in all parameters between cell control group and vector control group (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Lentivirus mediated BAG-1L gene over-expression can protect nerve cells against hypoxic injury and apoptosis,and the protective effect may be related to the activation increase of pathway on PI3K/AKT.

Abstracting and Indexing as Topic ; Neoplasms ; Periodicals as Topic