Objective To analyze and evaluate the efficay of split liver transplantation in children.Method From September 2006 to December 2014,210 children were treated with liver transplantation in Tianjin First Central Hospital.The clinical data were retrospectively analyzed and the difference in postoperative survival was compared between the groups.The 210 childrens were categorized into living donor liver transplantation group (183 cases) and split liver transplantation group (27 cases) based on their operation styles.In living group,all donors to recipients were immediate relatives within three generations.In split group,all donors were men,and livers were obtained from no heartbeat donors.Postoperatively,tacrolimus combined a duplex of prednisolone served as immunosuppression scheme.The survival and incidence of complications were observed.Result There was significant difference in the sex ratio between two groups (P＜0.05).The donor liver cold ischemia time was significantly longer in split group than in living group (P＜0.05).The 1-month,6-month,1-year and 2-year overall survival rate in 210 recipients was 99.5％,98.1％,96.2％ and 94.2％ respectively.The median follow-up time in living group and split group was 15.2months and 26.1 months,respectively.The 1-mont,6-month,1-year and 2-year survival rate was 99.5％,96.7％,92.6％ and 74.1 ％ in living group,and 97.8％,96.2％,77.8％ and 74.0％ in split group,respectively (P＜0.05).During the follow-up period,8 cases died (29.6％) in split group (5deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 3 deaths due to multiple organ failure),and 10 cases died (5.5％) in living group (6 deaths due to infection and sepsis,and 4 deaths due to multiple organ failure).Conclusion In the case of strict selection of donors,split liver transplantation can obtain good effect,but the incidence of complications is higher than living donor liver transplantation.Especially,the biliary complications should be prevented and managed actively.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements (Pb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,and Mo) in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Methods Through detection wavelength selection,optimization of instrument parameters and applying interference element correction (IEC) method to correction of spectral interference,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The elements recoveries were from 88.7％ to 101.3％ by correction of spectral interference with IEC method.The accuracy of the method was good.The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.12 to 7.26 ng/rnL.The quantization limits were from 0.40 to 23.96 ng/mL.The precision of the method was good (RSD＜3.5％,n=6).Conclusion The results of the spectral interference correction by IEC method are greatly superior to the results of conventional method.The established method is accurate,sensitive,and rapid,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Objective To establish a method for the determination of eight heavy metal elements ofPb,Cd,As,Hg,Co,V,Se,Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Method Through selection of detection wavelengths,optimization of instrument parameters,correction of spectral interference,verification of ionization interference and investigation of suppression methods,the eight heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES.Results The recovery rate of the detected elements increased 5％ to 10％ by suppression of ionization interference.The accuracy of the method was good.The spiked recovery rates of the detected elements were from 95.7％ to 101.1％.The precision of the method were good (RSD ＜ 3.6％,n =6).The linearities of the detected elements were good,and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0.999.The detection limits were from 0.15 to 8.09 ng/mL.The quantization limits were from 0.46 to 24.26 ng/mL.Conclusion The method was accurate,sensitivity,rapid and reliable,which can be applied to the determination of contents of eight heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Objective To conduct an empirical analysis of constitutes and changes of type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses and find out the differences and influencing factors so as to provide hospitals and related departments with the decision basis of controlling medical costs, arranging medical resources and optimizing systems.Methods Information of type 2 diabetes patients who had been admitted to a certain first-class grade one hospital in Ningxia from 2013 to 2016 were collected and categorized.Hospitalization costs and influencing factors of the patients were comprehensively analyzed through descriptive statistics, variance analysis and regression analysis.Results The medicine and examination costs as the constitutes of hospitalization expenses were too high.Gender, length of stay, age and diabetic complications were main contributory factors of type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses.Conclusion The costs of hospitalization of patients with type 2 diabetes are unreasonable and need to optimize.Type 2 diabetes patients′ hospitalization expenses should be effectively controlled and medical resources should be reasonably used through standardizing treatment behavior, shortening length of stay, intensifying publicity and education, enhancing prevention and reinforcing follow-ups, expanding health insurance coverage and upgrading its level.

Objective To compare the dissolution curves of reference preparation and self-prepared Iloperidone Tablets in four different pH dissolution media (0.1 mol/L HC1 solution,pH 4.5 acetate buffer solution,pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution,and water).Methods The solubility of Iloperidone in different pH solutions was measured,the dissolution curves of two preparations in four different pH dissolution media were determined by HPLC,and the similarity was investigated according to the f2 factor method.Results The f2 factors between reference preparation and self-prepared Iloperidone Tablets in four different media were more than 50.Conclusion The two preparations are equivalent in four different pH dissolution media in vitro.

Objective:To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Co, V, Se and Mo in iron dextran by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry ( ICP-OES) . Methods:Through the detec-tion wavelength selection,the detection wavelength was confirmed as follows:220. 353 nm for Pb, 228. 802 nm for Cd, 188. 980 nm for As, 194. 164 nm for Hg, 228. 615 nm for Co, 311. 070 nm for V, 196. 026 nm for Se and 204. 598 nm for Mo. Through optimizing the instrument parameters, the optimal radio frequency power was 1. 3 kW, the nebulizer gas flow rate was 0. 7 L·min-1, and the pump speed was 10 r·min-1. By applying the above detection parameters, the 8 heavy metal elements were analyzed by ICP-OES simultaneously. Results: The linearity of the detected elements was good, and the correlation coefficients were all greater than 0. 9990. The detection limits were from 0. 12 to 7. 26 ng·ml-1 , the quantitation limits were from 0. 40 to 23. 96 ng·ml-1 and the recoveries were from 94. 1% to 103. 4% (RSD<3%, n=9). Conclusion: The method is specific, sensitive, rapid and accurate, which can be applied in the simultaneous determination of 8 heavy metal elements in iron dextran.

Objective To evaluate the expression characteristics of calcium-binding protein S100A8 (Calgranulin A) and S100A9 (Calgranulin B) in lung squamous cell carcinoma and lung adenocarcinoma and their correlations with clinical data.Methods Twenty paired snap frozen cancer tissue and para-cancer tissue of lung cancer patients were collected form Jan 2013 to Dec 2014 in our hospital.And other 100 cancer paraffin wax specimen,20 para-cancer paraffin wax specimen were retrospectively collected from Jan 2007 to Dec 2009.The expressions of S100A8 and S100A9 were analyzed by PCR,Western blot and immunohistochemistry assay.The association between S100A8,S100A9 expression and patients clinical characteristics were analyzed.Results Positive rates of S100A8,S100A9 mRNA were 100.0％ for cancer tissue,significant higher than those of para-cancer tissue of 40.0％ and 85.0％ (P ＜0.05).Positive rates of S100A8,S100A9 protein were 100.0％ for cancer tissue,significant higher than those of para-cancer tissue of 20.0％ and 90.0％ (P ＜ 0.05).S100A8 positive expression rate was 28.6％ and 89.5％ for well differentiation and poor differentiation groups with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).The expression rate of S100A9 for stage Ⅰ positive was 73.0％ and the 100.0％ of S100A9 for stage Ⅲ/Ⅳ groups with statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The expression levels of S100A8 and S100A9 in lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinona was higher than those in normal tissue,which were negatively correlated with the degree of differentiation of lung adenocarcinoma,and without correlation to the degree of differentiation of lung squamous cell carcinoma.The expression level of S100A9 was negatively correlated with tumor TNM stage.

Objective To evaluate the safety and clinical effect of ABO-incompatible (ILT) pediatric living donor liver transplantation.Method We analyzed 169 pediatric living donor liver transplantation recipients from Sept.20,2006 to Dec.31,2014.There were 16 ABO-incompatible liver transplantation cases.The median age was 6 months.The blood agglutitin titer was monitored.The titer was controlled lower or equal to 1 ∶ 16.The method to decrease blood agglutitin titer included IVIG and plasma exchange.The patients were treated with Tacrolimus combined with methylprednisolone.Basiliximab for injection was used.The patients were followed-up for 9-26months.The survival rate,acute rejection,vascular and biliary tract complications,and infection were monitored.Result All the patients survived.There was once case of acute rejection,1 case of bile duct dilatation,2 cases of portal vein stenosis,8 cases of EBV viremia,5 cases of CMV viremia,and 6 cases of lung infection.The liver functions of all the 16 recipients were recovered within 3 weeks.Conclusion ABO-incompatible liver grafts can be used safely in pediatric patients.

Objective To identify the long-term survival of patients with hepatic carcinoma who received hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) positive donor livers.Method A total of 195 patients were enrolled in the study.They were all diagnosed as having hepatic carcinoma with malignant thrombus in portal vein pre-operation and received liver transplantations between 1999 and 2014.The long-term survival between the patients who received HBsAg positive grafts and those who received HBsAg negative grafts was compared.Result There were no differences in ages,preoperative tumor stages and postoperative mortality between the two groups.There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups (Z=-2.038,P =0.042),with the median survival time of 8.83 months (2.50-24.80 months) in HBsAg positive graft group and 13.12 months (6.50-27.65 months) in HBsAg negative graft group,respectively.The long-term survival rate in HBsAg positive graft group was 48％ and that in HBsAg negative graft group was 34.7％ (P =0.740,x2 =0.110).However,the proportion of deaths due to recurrence of tumor was high to 75.8％ in all causes.Conclusion To prolong the survival time,it is safe and feasible to receive HBsAg positive donor livers in patients with hepatic carcinoma in late stage.However,tumor recurrence was still the main causes of deaths in patients post-operation because of the advanced tumor conditions pre-operation.

Objective To analyze the incidence and risk factors of de novo hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection from anti-HBc-positive donors in pediatric living donor liver transplantation and to explore the diagnosis and treatment.Method A retrospective analysis was conducted on 105 cases of pediatric living donor liver transplantaions (LT) perfomed during September 2006 to December 2013.HBV markers,including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and antibody (anti-HBs),anti-HBc,hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) and antibody (anti-HBe) were determined in both donors and recipients before LT and in recipients after LT.HBV DNA titer was measured if the recipients were strongly suspected of de novo HBV infection.Result After 4 perioperative deaths were excluded,101 cases were studied.The median follow-up period of all the patients was 20.5 months (2.7-97.7 months).de novo HBV infection occurred in 6 of 101 recipients (5.9％) 3.5 18 months after LT.Forty-four (43.6％) of the children received HBcAb-positive allografts,and 11.4％ (5/44) of the children were had de novo hepatitis B infection.All five of the HBV-infected children received HBcAb-positive allografts without preventive treatment in 11 cases (5/11,45.5 ％),57 (56.4％) of the children received HBcAb-negtive allografts,and 1.7％ (1/57) of the children had de novo hepatitis B infection.Conclusion Anti-HBc-positive donors can significantly increase the incidence of de novo HBV infection in HBsAg-negative recipients without preventive treatment.with the appropriate treatment strategy,HBcAb allografts can safely used in pediatric recipients.