Disinfectants ; analysis ; Disinfection ; Drinking Water ; analysis ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods

ObjectiveTo assess rat behavior, observe apoptotic morphology of neurons and measure expression of caspase-3 in substantia nigra(SN) of Parkinson's disease(PD) animal model. Methods6-OHDA was stereotacticly injected into the right striatum of the rats at two sites to produce PD models. After 5 weeks, the behavior tests including modified Morris Water Maze and narrow beam test were measured. Then tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) histochemistry, Hoechst 33258 staining, Western blotting for caspase-3 in right substantia nigra was separately conducted.ResultsEscape velocity significantly decreased and its latency was obviously enlarged in modified Morris Water Maze, and the latency and total time in narrow beam test were also markedly increased (P<0-05) in 15 successful PD rats compared with either the sham group or the normal group. Furthermore, there were obvious less TH-positive neurons in lesioned SN while more apoptotic cells appeared there. In addition, the expression of caspase-3 was highly upregulated in lesioned SN.Conclusion6-OHDA induced neuronal apoptosis in SN is associated with high levels of caspase-3, and the results of rat behavior tests are correspondent with the morphological changes including TH immunohistochemistry and Hoechst 33258 staining. Thus modified Morris Water Maze and narrow beam test are beneficial for assessments of effects of new drugs in PD animal model.

Objective To explore the effects of octacosanol on the behavioral impairments in rats with Parkinson's disease (PD) inducedby 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Methods The SD rats were divided into the control group (n=15), the model group (n=15), the low dosegroup (n=12), the medium dose group (n=12) and the high dose group (n=12). 6-OHDA was stereotactically injected into the right striatumof the rats at 2 sites to produce PD models. The treatment groups received octacosanol with the dose of 17.5 mg/kg, 35 mg/kg or 70 mg/kgfor 2 weeks. They were tested with apomorphine-induced rotation test, the modified Morris Water Maze, and rotarod test. Results The contralateralrotation in 30 min and escape latency were less in the medium and high dose groups than in the model group (P<0.05); the latencyand total time in the rotarod test were significantly less in all the treatment groups than in the model group (P<0.01). Conclusion Octacosanolcan decrease the impaired behaviors of rats with PD induced by 6-OHDA.

Background and purpose: Sorafenib hepatocellular carcinoma assessment randomized protocol (SHARP) and sorafenib in patients in Asia-Pacific region with hepatocellular carcinoma (ORIENTAL) had indicated that multi-kinase inhibitor sorafenib could prolong overall survival (OS) and time to progression (TTP) as well as improve progress free survival (PFS) in patients with advanced stage hepatocellular carcinoma. Drug-related adverse events in the course of treatment restricted its clinical application to a certain degree. This study was aimed to summerize the adverse events as well as the management of sorafenib in our clinic. Methods: Twenty-five cases clinically diagnosed as advanced hepatocellular carcinoma were enrolled from January 2008 to October 2009. All the patients who received sorafenib treatment met inclusion criteria as followed: (1) Progression of disease after trans-hepatic arterial chemoembolization therapy; (2) Extensive portal vein cancerous thrombus formation; (3) Portal zone or retroperitoneal lymph node metastasis or multiple remote metastasis, such as lung or bone; (4) Diffused poor blood supply to tumor; (5) Inform consent was obtained. All adverse events with different grade were observed during the beginning 12 weeks, and clinical treatment were carried out relatively. Results: Total of 25 cases were enrolled. Nine patients died of the disease, 3 of them died during the first 12 weeks, 3 patients abandoned sorafenib treatment, among them 2 died before the finish of 12 weeks treatment and 1 patient discontinued 5 months after the sorafenib treatment. Twenty cases finally assigned. Number of patients encountered drug-related adverse events were: HFSR (hand-foot-skin-reaction) 4(4/20), diarrhea 4(4/20), alopecia 5(5/20), rasb 4(4/20), fatigue 8(8/20), leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia 4(4/20), elevated blood pressure 1(1/20) and abdominal pain 1(1/20). After clinical management, 20 patients' sorafenib treatment were eventually not affected by adverse events. Conclusion: Sorafenib was well-tolerated and is a safe option of treatment for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

A novel suspension array technology was established for the detection of three kinds of veterinary drug residues: chloramphenicol, clenbuterol and 17-β-estradiol. The three conjugates in which veterinary drugs coupled with BSA were immobilized on the solid carrier of the suspension microarray-polystyrene fluorescent microspheres/beads as detective probes. Indirect competitive technology was employed. Competitive reactions between the veterinary drugs in the aqueous phase and the veterinary drugs-BSA conjugates on the beads for coupling with their complimentary specific biotinylated monoclonal antibodies were carried out. And then, straptavidin-phycoerythrin was added for coupling and the fluorescent signals were captured. Afterwards the detective standard curves were plotted. The regular ELISA standard curves of the three veterinary drugs were also plotted. Comparison between suspension array and regular enzymE-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) was in the respects of the detective technology, the detection limits, the detective ranges, the samples detection and the multi-analysis. Suspension array technology is distinct advantageous except for specificity. There was well consistent performance between the two methods. The high-throughput suspension array provides a novel method for multi-analysis of veterinary drugs with simple operation, sensitive, rapid and low costing.

Objective To investigate the effects of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 activation by capsaicin on the oxidative stress in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in mice in order to elucidate the potential mechanisms.Methods A total of 108 specific pathogen free (SPF) ICR male mice were randomly divided into six groups:normal control group (n =18),capsaicin control group (CAP control group,n =18),capsazepine control group (CAPZ control group,n =18),acute lung injury group (n =18),capsaicin treatment group (CAP treatment group,n =18) and capsazepine treatment group (CAPZ treatment group,n =18).After modeling,superoxide dismutase (SOD),catalase (CAT) and malondiachehyche (MDA) levels in lung were measured with the method of chromatometry,and the expression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in lung tissue was assessed with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),while the level of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) was determined by western blotting and the expression of Nrf2 mRNA was measured by RTPCR.Pathological changes of lung tissue were observed under light microscope.Results The activities of SOD and CAT in lung tissue at 3,8,16 h were dramatically lower in acute lung injury group than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05),while the level of MDA was higher.Compared with acute lung injury group,the lung levels of SOD and CAT at 8 h and 16 h were higher in CAP treatment group (P ＜0.05),while the lung level of MDA was lower (P ＜ 0.05).The levels of SOD and CAT in CAPZ treatment group were decreased at 8 h and 16 h,while the levels of MDA in this group were increased at 3,8,16 h (P ＜0.05).The pulmonary levels of HO-1,Nrf2 and expression of Nrf2 mRNA were significantly higher in acute lung injury group than those in normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Compared with acute lung injury group,the levels of HO-1,NRF2 and expression of NRF2 mRNA were increased markedly in CAP treatment group (P ＜ 0.05)and were obviously decreased in CAPZ treatment group (P ＜0.05).At 8 h,16 h after modeling,the degree of lung damage was ameliorated in CAP treatment group compared with acute lung injury group under light microscope,while the lung damage was aggravated in CAPZ treatment group.Conclusions The activation of TRPV1 could apparently up-regulate the levels of CAT,SOD,Nrf2,HO-1,and reduce the MDA level in lung tissue of mice with acute lung injury,ultimately protecting the endotoxemia mice from oxidative stress.

ObjectiveTo analyze the clinical characteristic of the nasal type extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma(ENKL)as well as the therapeutic effects for different treatment methods and element that would affect prognosis.MethodsReview and analyze the 27 patients with pathologically confirmed ENKL patients received radiotherapy (3 cases),chemotherapy (9 cases),combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (15 cases),3 of whom received auto-HSCT.Detailed B symptoms,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),performance status(PS)scores,international prognostic index(IPI),Ann Arbor stage and therapeutic modality were included in univariate analysis.ResultsThe average overall survival time was 32 (2-42) months.The 1,2and 3 year overall survival (OS) rates were 79.5 ％,71.6 ％,53.7 ％,respectively.The 2-year overall survival of patients who was early stage (stage Ⅰ + Ⅱ ) was 83.3 ％,and those who was advanced stage(stage Ⅲ+Ⅳ) was 62.3 ％ (P =0.368).Among the patients in early stage,after radiotherapy or chemotherapy,4 cases achieved OR (overall response) which is complete remission (CR) or partial remission (PR),9/10 in combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy achieved OR. While among those in their advantage stage,the OR in chemotherapy is 2 cases,2/5 in combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy.In univariate analysis,age and short-term response were main factors of survival(P ＜0.05).ConclusionTo treat the nasal ENKL in the early stage,radiotherapy can achieve a better effect,while combination of radiotherapy and chemotherapy is an important method for patients in advantage stage.Age and short-term response may be.prognostic factors of nasal type ENKL.

Objective To investigate whether octacosanol would attenuate neurotoxicity in 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6 tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-treated C57BL/6N mice and its potential mechanism. Methods Behavioral tests, Nissl histochemistry and Western blot were used to investigate the effects of octacosanol in this mouse model of PD. Results Oral administration of octacosanol (100 mg/kg) significantly improved behavioral outcome in mice induced by MPTP and markedly ameliorated morphological appearances of neuronal cells in striatum. Furthermore, octacosanol blocked MPTP-induced phosphorylation of p38MAPK and JNK, but not ERK1/2. Conclusion The protective effects afforded by octacosanol might be mediated by blocking the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and JNK on the signal transduction in vivo.

ObjectiveTo assess the effects of crude extract of Cape Jasmine in the experimental Alzheimer's model induced by Aβ25-35 and the memory acquisition impaied model induced by ibotenic acid(IBO).MethodsAlzheimer's dementia of mice was induced by Aβ25-35 i.cv. treatment and the impaired memory acquisition model was induced by IBO injected into the forebrain nucleus basalis. The effects of crude extract of Cape Jasmine on the learning and memory function of model animals were evaluated with Morris water maze and step-through test in 3 dose groups(12-5, 25, 50 mg/kg). Donepezil(0-75 mg/kg)was used in the positive control group.ResultsMorris water maze test showed that the spatial learning and memory ability of the model mice significantly improved in three crude extract of Cape Jasmine groups(P<0-05). Meanwhile, the impaired function of the rats induced by IBO significantly improved in the medium dose group(P<0-01). The electric shock latent period in step-through box test prolonged and the frequency of electric shock decreased within 3 minutes in three groups.ConclusionCrude extract of Cape Jasmine can improve the learning and memory function of mice or rat in the model group.

ObjectiveTo explore the possible mechanisms of Wuling Jun Power by the DNA microarray technique.MethodsAn experimental depression model was established by exposing the mouse to a chronic mild stress procedure. The total RNA was extracted reverse-transcripted and hybrided to the mouse 1-2 cDNA microarray (Clontech). The difference of expression profiles between control model, Wuling Jun powder and fluoxetine-treated groups were analyzed by the Image 2-1 Software.Results130 genes were significantly altered in stress group compared with the control groups. Among them, 116 genes were up-regulated and 14 genes were down-regulated. Meanwhile, 85 genes significantly changed in the Wuling Jun powder treated group with 34 genes up-regulated and 51 genes down-regulated compared with the model groups. For the Fluoxetine-treated group, 133 genes significantly changed with 35 genes up-regulated and 98 genes down-regulated compared with the model groups. These genes were associated with many aspects of life including receptor activity, protein kinases, inflammatory factors, transferrin, neurogenesis and so on.ConclusionMultiple genes were affected by the stress exposure. Altered changes of some genes were normalized by Wuling Jun powder and Fluoxetine treatment. In general, the mechanisms of Wuling Jun powder and Fluoxetine are similar, but also with minor difference.