Objective To develop a multi-channel dry type biochemistry sensor with a compact structure and high measurement accuracy.Methods The principle of double beam compensation based on reference LED was applied to improve the measurement accuracy.The complex splitting system was replaced by MXN fiber bundle and free-form surface lens to make the instrument more compact and lightweight.Use of the adaptive amplification photoelectric detection improved the measurement accuracy while simplifying the process.Results and Conclusion It has been proved by experiments that this sensor has the advantages of high measurement accuracy, little interference and compact construction. This sensor may well meet the requirements of dry type biochemistry analysis.

Adult ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Cerebral Ventricle Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fourth Ventricle ; Ganglioglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Oligodendrocyte Transcription Factor 2 ; Rosette Formation ; Synaptophysin ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of transurethral catheterization on the uroflow rate in the pressure-flow study of patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

METHODSThirty-nine men with BPH underwent free uroflowmetry and pressure-flow analysis respectively. With an 8 F urethral catheter, the standard pressure-flow variables such as the maximum flow rate, detrusor pressure at the maximum flow rate and so on were recorded. The free maximum flow rate and the maximum flow rate with transurethral catheterization were statistically analyzed.

RESULTSThe maximum voided volumes of the free uroflowmetry group and the pressure-flow study group were (209.23 +/- 56. 56) ml and (210.33 +/- 62.02) ml respectively (P > 0.05). The free maximum flow rate was (8.61 +/- 2.80) ml/s, and the maximum flow rate with transurethral catheterization-was (7.39 +/- 3.01) ml/s (P < 0.05). When the patients were divided into seven grades of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) according to the Schäfer nomogram, the free maximum flow rate and the maximum flow rate with transurethral catheterization with Grade 0-I of BOO were (12.56 +/- 1.57) ml/s and (10.95 +/- 2.51) ml/s, and those of Grade II were (9.35 +/- 0.76) ml/s and (8.41 +/- 1.23) ml/s respectively. For Grades III, IV and V-VI , the two maximum flow rates were (7.88 +/- 1.21) ml/s and (6.37 +/- 0.59) ml/s, (6.54 +/- 1.93) ml/s and (5.55 +/- 2.48) ml/s, and (6.01 +/- 2.10) ml/s and (4.84 +/- 2.89) ml/s, respectively, all with significant difference in between (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe 8 F urethral catheter has a significant effect on the maximum uroflow rate in the pressure-flow study and this effect is correlated with the grade of BOO.

Aged ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome ; Urinary Bladder Neck Obstruction ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Urinary Catheterization ; methods ; Urination ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVETo compare suprapubic puncture and transurethral catheterization for pressure-flow determination during voiding in BPH patients.

METHODSBoth suprapubic puncture and transurethral catheterization were used for pressure-flow determinations during voiding in 23 BPH patients at the mean age of 69.3 years (range 57-77 years) and the related parameters were compared by t-test.

RESULTSCompared with transurethral catheterization, suprapubic puncture increased Qmax by 1.19 mn/s (P <0.05) and MMC by 66.61 ml (P <0.01) , and reduced the pressure of detrusor at Qmax (Pdet, Qmax) by 10.57 cmH2O (P < 0.05), URA by 11.39 cmH2O (P < 0.01) and AG by 12.94 (P < 0.01). Either according to the Schäfer diagram or with AG > 40 as the diagnostic standard, there were 16 (69.6%) cases of bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) in the suprapubic puncture group and 20 (87.0%) in the transurethral catheterization group.

CONCLUSIONIn pressure-flow determination during voiding, suprapubic puncture and transurethral catheterization each have its own advantages and disadvantages, but the former is preferred for BPH patients. As for other patients, it all depends on specific conditions.

Aged ; Cystostomy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prostatic Hyperplasia ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Urinary Catheterization ; Urination ; physiology ; Urodynamics

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) on the proliferation of endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) isolated from human umbilical cord blood; to further explore its effect on prevention and development of atherogenesis.

METHODSEPC isolated by density gradient centrifugation were cultured in a M200 medium. Immunofluorescence staining for CD133, CD34, KDR and Factor VIII were adopted respectively as the specific markers for identification. The effect of HDL on EPC proliferation was estimated on the 7th day of cell cultivation using MTT assay, confocal microscopy and fluorescence activated cell sorting.

RESULTSHDL, when incubated with EPC, was able to promote remarkably the proliferation rate of EPC, dose- and time-dependent. HDL participated in the transcriptional regulation of cell cycle by affecting the regulatory proteins such as cyclin D1.

CONCLUSIONSA subtype of progenitor cells was isolated from human cord blood with a potential of differentiating into mature endothelial cells (known as endothelial progenitor cells). HDL plays an important role on EPC fluorescence activated cell sorting differentiation and proliferation. Further studies are required to identify the signal pathway and the molecular mechanism of HDL effect on EPC proliferation.

AC133 Antigen ; Adult ; Antigens, CD ; metabolism ; Antigens, CD34 ; metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Differentiation ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cell Separation ; Cells, Cultured ; Cyclin D1 ; metabolism ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Factor VIII ; metabolism ; Fetal Blood ; cytology ; Flow Cytometry ; Fluorescent Antibody Technique ; Glycoproteins ; metabolism ; Humans ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; blood ; pharmacology ; Microscopy, Confocal ; Peptides ; metabolism ; Stem Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter.

METHODSThe clinical data of two cases of synchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed. In case 1, a 68-year-old man with hematuria for a month, imaging modalities revealed a right renal pelvis tumor and a right distal ureter tumor. The patient underwent nephroureterectomy and excision of the bladder cuff. Case 2, a 60-year-old man with the complaint of lower abdominal pain and left flank pain for a month, was diagnosed as left distal ureteral stone in another hospital. Ureterolithotomy was performed and a ureteral tumor was found at the lower site of the stone intraoperatively. The pathological report demonstrated SCC, and the patient was transferred to our hospital for further treatment. We found a left renal mass invading the left hemicolon during surgery, and nephroureterectomy was performed with a bladder cuff excision, left hemicolon resection, and also complete lymph node dissection. Neither of patients received adjuvant radiotherapy/chemotherapy.

RESULTSModerately differentiated SCC was reported in both of renal pelvis and ureter in case 1 and the tumor invaded the subepithelial connective tissue in the renal pelvis and superficial muscle in the ureter. In case 2, moderately differentiated SCC of the left renal pelvis with colon metastasis and poorly differentiated SCC of the ureter was reported with two retroperitoneal lymph node metastases. The two patients died from tumor recurrence and metastasis 5 and 6 months after the surgery, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSynchronous SCC of the renal pelvis and SCC of the ureter are rare and has high likeliness of early recurrence and metastasis, often with poor prognosis.

Aged ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Kidney Pelvis ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Ureteral Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology

BACKGROUNDThe authors found no study to compare the efficacy of bolus dose fentanyl and remifentanil blunting the cardiovascular intubation response in children, so they designed this randomized, double-blind clinical study to assess the effects of remifentanil 2 microg/kg and fentanyl 2 microg/kg by bolus injection on the cardiovascular intubation response in healthy children.

METHODSOne hundred and two children, the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status 1-2 and scheduled for elective plastic surgery under general anesthesia, were randomly divided into one of two groups to receive the following treatments in a double blind manner: remifentanil 2 microg/kg (Group R) and fentanyl 2 microg/kg (Group F) when anesthesia was induced with propofol and vecuronium. The orotracheal intubation was performed using a direct laryngoscope. Blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded before anesthesia induction (baseline values), immediately before intubation, at intubation and every minute for 5 minutes after intubation. The percent changes of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and HR relative to baseline values and the rate pressure product (RPP) at every observing point were calculated. The incidences of SBP and HR percent changes >30% of baseline values and RPP >22,000 during the observation were recorded.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences between groups in the demographic data, baseline values of BP and HR and the intubation time. As compared to baseline values, BP, HR and RPP at intubation and their maximum values during observation increased significantly in Group F, but they all decreased significantly in Group R. BP, HR and RPP at all observed points, and their maximum values during the observation, were significantly different between groups. There were also significant differences between groups in the percent change of SBP and HR relative to baseline values at all observed points and their maximum percent changes during the observation. The incidences of SBP and HR percent increased >30% of the baseline values and RPP >22,000 during the observation, were significantly higher in Group F than in Group R, but the incidences of SBP and HR percent decreased >30% of baseline values were significantly lower in Group F compared with Group R.

CONCLUSIONSWhen used as part of routine anesthesia induction with propofol and vecuronium in children, fentanyl 2 microg/kg by bolus injection fails to effectively depress the cardiovascular intubation response. Remifentanil 2 microg/kg by bolus injection can completely abolish the cardiovascular intubation response, but also cause more adverse complications of temporary significant cardiovascular depression.

Anesthetics, Intravenous ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Fentanyl ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Heart Rate ; drug effects ; Humans ; Intubation, Intratracheal ; adverse effects ; Male ; Piperidines ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

OBJECTIVETo investigate the molecular mechanism of atherosclerosis that related to age.

METHODSImmunohistochemistry staining and Western blot were adopted to determine the nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappaB) and expression of platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGF-B) in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) co-cultured with low density lipoprotein (LDL), oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), and ox-LDL+high density lipoprotein (HDL) originated from rats of 2 and 10 months old respectively. Fat stain was used to identify the lipid intake in SMCs.

RESULTSThe optimal stimulation time of ox-LDL to SMCs was 12 hours. NF-kappaB intensity increased in most nuclei of SMCs that originated from rats of either 2 or 10 months old co-cultured with ox-LDL. The intensity of NF-KB and the amount of intracellular lipid taken in SMCs were more obvious in cells from 10-month-old rats than from the younger ones. Change of PDGF-B expression in SMCs was not remarkable in each group of rats.

CONCLUSIONSThe 10-month-old rats are more susceptive to ox-LDL than 2-month-old rats in activating nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB. Maybe this is one of the important reasons contributing to the difference between the older and younger rats on the initiation and development of atherosclerosis lesion. Expression of PDGF-B is not associated with the activity of nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB.

Age Factors ; Animals ; Aorta ; cytology ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Culture Media ; Lipoproteins, HDL ; pharmacology ; Lipoproteins, LDL ; pharmacology ; Male ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; metabolism ; NF-kappa B ; metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

This study was aimed to explore the effect of arsenic trioxide (ATO) on proliferation and apoptosis of mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) cell lines and the underlying mechanisms of the apoptosis. MCL cell lines (jeko-1, mino, JVM-2) were treated with different concentrations of ATO, then growth profile of these cells were detected by MTT. Apoptosis of ATO-treated jeko-1 cells were detected by flow cytometry with Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining. The loss of mitochondrial membrane potential of ATO-treated jeko-1 cells were detected by FCM with DiOC₆(3) staining. The expressions of cyclin D1 and apoptosis related proteins MCL-1, BCL-2, PUMA, NOXA, cCaspase-3 (cleaved caspase-3), cCaspase-9 (cleaved caspase-9), cPARP (cleaved PARP) were detected by Western blot. The results indicated that ATO inhibited cell growth, induced apoptosis of MCL cells and disrupted mitochondrial membrane potential. ATO could decrease expressions of MCL-1, PUMA and cyclin D1, increase expressions of cPARP, cCaspase-3, cCaspase-9 and the expressions of BLC-2 and NOXA were not changed. It is concluded that ATO can induce cell growth arrest and apoptosis of MCL cells. The mitochondrial pathway plays a very important role in cell apoptosis.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins ; metabolism ; Arsenicals ; pharmacology ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphoma, Mantle-Cell ; metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; Mitochondria ; drug effects ; Oxides ; pharmacology

OBJECTIVETo study the anatomy of the small intestine,and investigate the optimal selection of donors,recipients,and their small intestine vessels in piglet small intestine transplantation.

METHODSThe weight and length of 30 piglets were measured. Angiography and pigments perfusion were used to observe the main vessels of the small intestine,and the length of the small intestine,and the external diameter of the main vessels of the small intestine were measured in vivo and ex vivo.

RESULTSThe length of the small intestine was 11.5 times as long as the body length, and its weight accounted for 2.3% of the body weight. The outer diameters of abdominal aorta (AT), mesenteric anterior artery (MAA) and its 5(th)-6(th) branches in vivo and ex vitro were 4.3/4.6mm, 2.5/2.7mm and 1.9/2.2mm respectively. The total number of MAA's branches was 6-8 in general and its 5(th)-6(th) branches were the longest [(20.0 +/- 7.0) mm, (22.0 +/- 8.2) mm]. The outer diameter of mesenterial anterior vein (MAV) was 1-2 mm wider than that of MAA.

CONCLUSIONSAT, MAA and its 5(th)-6(th) branches are the preferable vessels for small intestine transplantation. In segmental small intestine transplantation, the length of the small intestine and body weight can be used to primarily select the suitable animals.

Animals ; Blood Vessels ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Intestine, Small ; blood supply ; transplantation ; Male ; Organ Transplantation ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature