Objective To investigate the safety,therapy and prophylactic effect of Omeprazole on stress ulcer in children with epidemic type B encephalitis.Methods Before and after medication,chest X-ray examination was performed.The result of occult blood(OB) was confirm by Colloidal gold assay in stool and/or gastric juice.Based on the result of OB,the patients were divided into therapy group[besides conventional therapy for encephalitis,Cimitidine group and Omeprazole group with positive result OB,was administered with 0.9% normal sodium 100 mL+Cimitidine 20-40 mg/(kg?d),iv,q12 h and normal sodium 100 mL+Omeprazol 0.5-0.8 mg/(kg?d),iv,qd,respectively] and prophylaxis group(Cimitidine group,Omeprazole group and control group,with negative result OB,were administered with same medicines as therapy group,respectively.Except control group being administered only 0.9%NS 100 mL,iv,(q12 h)).The effects of drugs on hemostasis,preventing hemorrhage,and the potential risk of acquired pneumonia result from drugs used were observed.Results In therapy group,the average time of hemostasis in Omeprazole group was obviously shorter than that of in Cimitidine group,there was significant difference between two groups(P0.05).Conclusions Both of the drugs is safety and effect to therapy or prophylaxis for the latent stress ulcer in short term.The effect of Omeprazole is better than those of Cimitidine.Using Cimitidine and Omeprazole,neither therapy nor prophylaxis for stress ulcer increaseds the potential risk of acquired pneumonia in children with epidemic type B encephalitis in this study.

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a quite common disease,and it is a functional enteropathy that characterized by abdomen discomfort or pain,diarrhea,constipation or the mix of both.At present the clinical diagnosis refers to the Roman Ⅱ standard,but it is easy to create leaks examines.In 2006,the new Roman Ⅲ standard let clinician have a more objective basis regarding diagnosis of children with IBS.Its treatment is a complex therapy based on the symptom and serious degree of the symptom.The author will introduce children with IBS with emphasis on the diagnosis and treatment progress.

Objective To explore mechanism of action of rhubarb on intrahepatic cholestasis in infantile rats.Methods Ninety Sprague-Dawley(SD)infantile rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:treatment group of rhubarb,untreated group,treatment control group 1 of ursodeoxychlic acid(UDCA),treatment control group 2 of UDCA and deltasone,and control group not treated with ?-naphthyl isothiocyanate(ANIT)and any other treatments.Jaundice model of intrahepatic cholestasis was established in infantile rats by ANIT.At the time of the 2nd,3rd,and 4th week,the concentrations of serum total bilirubin(TB),direct bilirubin(DB),ALT,alkaline phosphatase(ALP),total bile acid(TBA)and TBA were assessed by automatic biochemical analyzer.The concentrations of nitrogen monoxide(NO),maleic dialdehyde(MDA)and the ability of total antioxidation(T-AOC)in liver tissues were measured.Results It was demonstrated that the animal model of hepatic jaundice with cholestasis was successfully established.The levels of serum DB,TB,ALP,ALT and TBA were significantly lower in the treatment group of rhubarb compared with those in the untreated group(Pa

Objective: To explore eye tracking movements of patients with depression.Methods:Thirty-one patients with depression were tested by tracking of exploratory eye movement (Type-Ⅳ) before and after treatment (mean interval 34?8 days), at the same time HAMD was applied. Thirty-one normal controls were tested by tracking of exploratory eye movement either.Results:There were significant differences of discriminant analysis between the results of patients and controls (0.52?1.58,0.79?1.44, vs.-1.00?0.85,t=4.40, 5.80, P0.05);Conclusion:There is statistical difference in exploratory eye tracking movements of depressive patients and that of controls. After depression improved, no significant changes were noted between the main indexes of eye tracking movements of the first test and that of the second test.

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria,drug sensitivity,and the relationship between drug sensitivity and Escherichia coli(E.coli) induced enzymes in childhood diarrhea in the last 2 years in Chongqing area,so as to provide important evidence for pediatric clinical therapy.Methods Thirty-one E.coli induced enzymes,extended spectrum ?-laetamases(ESBLs),cephalosporinase(AmpC)detected in different phenotype methods,and drug sensitivity was measured in paper strip method,and the specimens were collected from children′s hospital affiliated to chongqing university of medical sciences from Jan.2005 to Dec.2006 were determined.Among the total,there were 18 enteropathogeic E.coli(EPEC) strains,8 enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC) strains and 5 enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC) strains.In addition,drug resistance tests by paper strip included chloramphenicol(CHL),amikacin(AMK),gentamicin(GEN),norfloxacin(NOF),ciproflocacin(CIP),cefazolin(CEZ),cefoperazone(CPZ),ceftriaxone(CRO),ceftazidime(CAZ),cefotacime(CTX),cefepime(FEP),imipenem(IPM).SPSS 12.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Three point two percent of the 31 E.coli were drug resistant to IPM,and 35.5%,38.7% to NOF,CIP individually,but more than 60% to AMK,GEN,even more than 67.7% towards cephalosporin(except ceftazidime and cefepime);the gross enzyme-produced rate was 87.1%,rate of single ESBLs,AmpC,and induction of both enzymes simultaneously presented 64.5%,6.5%,16.1% respectively;and there was marked difference in drug resistance when bacteria that produced single AmpC versus bacteria that produced single ESBLs or that produced both ESBLs and AmpC(Pa﹤0.05).Conclusions The relationships among enzyme′s quantity,sort and bacterial resistance are different.These data show E.coli infected by bacterial diarrhea children in Chongqing due to a high rate of induced enzymes,and their drug resistance vary according to the state of induced enzymes.

University of Manchester who first introduced Problem based learning(PBL)to the UK medical education,and adopted this new curriculum in 1994.Notably,Cambridge and Oxford have always had a high proportion of student-centred and self-directed learning,and have therefore not introduced PBL.Other medical schools have followed the example of Manchester,now PBL has become the mainstream curriculum in British medical edacation.First,this article is going to introduce how PBL curriculum is structured at Manchester medical school,and then reflect and give some thoughts on its current practice.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of extensive regional field radiotherapy concurrent with chemotherapy for locally advanced esophageal cancer.Methods Of the 101 patients with locally advanced esophageal cancer patients,44 patients were treated by involved field radiotherapy alone,29 patients treated by involved field radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy,and 28 patients received extensive regional field radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy,the total dose of radiotherapy was 60 Gy.The clinical target volume (CTV) of involved field included the gross tumor volume (GTV) plus a 0.8 cm lateral margin,the tumor plus a nominal 3-5 cm cephalad and caudal margin.Extensive regional field radiotherapy was delivered in two steps:the CTV included the CTV of the involved field plus elective nodal region in the first step;in the second step,the CTV definition was same with the CTV of the involved field.Synchronous chemotherapy regimens included TP and NP.Results 90.1％patients completed planned radiotherapy,all patients in the concurrent chemotherapy groups completed at least one cycle of chemotherapy.The follow-up rate was 99％.Twenty-four and 42 patients completed followed-up more than 24 months in the radiotherapy alone and concurrent chemoradiotherapy group,respectively.The median survival time of the involved field radiotherapy group,involved field chemoradiotherapy group and extensive regional field chemoradiotherapy group was 13,21 and 19 months,respectively;the 2-year overall survival (OS) rate was 15％,48％ and 46％,respectively for the three groups.The 2-year OS rate was improved significantly in the chemoradiotherapy group (x2 =6.83,P =0.033).Compared with radiotherapy alone group,the incidence of grade three or four bone marrow suppression was higher in the concurrent chemoradiotherapy group (53％: 0 ％,x2 =32.94,P =0.000),the remaining adverse events (acute radiation pneumonitis,acute radiation esophagitis,esophageal fibrosis,late radiation lung injury) had no significant intergroup differences (x2 =5.56,6.70,2.39,0.42,P =0.235,0.349,0.881,0.981).Conclusions Compared with radiotherapy alone,concurrent chemoradiotherapy can improve the survival rate for locally advanced esophageal cancer.The side effects of the extensive regional field radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy is well tolerated.But the efficacy of the extensive regional field radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy needs further research.

Objective To evaluate the clinical repair effects of the reconstruction of different vermilion tubercle after primary cleft lip repair.Methods According to the tight lip deformity and dif ferent degrees of defect of the vermilion tubercle and exposing the gums and the crown of the anterior incisors,178 patients after primary repair of the cleft lip from Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of Xiangya Hospital,Central South University were classified into the tight lip deformity and four grades of whistling deformities.According to different deformities and defects,the different operative techniques were used as follows:classic Abbé flap and modified Abbé flap were used for tight lip deformity;the bilateral advanced myomucosal flaps of lip were used for the grade Ⅰ;modified Abbé flap was used for repairing the grade Ⅱ and the grade Ⅲ whistling deformities;for grade Ⅳ whistling deformity,we mainly used classic Abbé flap.The follow-up after operation was performed,all patient's Cupid's bow,Cupid's bow peak,the vermilion tubercle and the height and width of the upper lip were observed.The scarring of the upper lip was also observed.Results The follow-up after operation was performed from six months to ninteen years,all the 187 patient's anatomical structures of the upper lip were nearly normal after recovery.The all patients showed an obvious Cupid's bow,Cupid's bow peak,the vermilion tubercle and the height and width of the upper lip.The relation of the upper lip and lower lip was harmonious.The scarring of the upper lip was not obvious 2 years after operation.Conclusions The different repair methods are chosen to repair different deformity and defect that has an important clinical value.

Objective To study the biodistribution of anti-HER-2/neu monoclonal antibody Herceptin labeled by 131I(131I-Herceptin) in healthy KM mice and nude mice bearing human ovarian cancer xenografts and radioimmunoimaging (RII) of the nude xenografts-bearing mice.Methods 131I-Herceptin was prepared using Iodogen method.The labeling efficiency, radiochemical purity, stability and immunocompetence were measured.The percentage activity of injection dose per gram of tissue (%ID/g) and the radioactivity ratio of tumor to non-tumor tissue (T/NT) were calculated for each time point.The optimal time for imaging was investigated by comparing the 131I-Herceptin SPECT for the nude mouse models bearing ovarian cancer xenografts at different time points.Results The labeling efficiency and radiochemical purity of 131I-Herceptin were 89.8% and 98.4%, respectively.The labeling was stable and had good immunocompetence.131 I-Herceptin was cleared rapidly mainly through liver, spleen and kidneys, consistent with first order two-compartment model.The uptake of 131I-Herceptin in the tumors bearing human SKOV-3 xenografts was much higher than that in nontumor tissue.The% ID/g was 18.08 in the tumor at 24 h post injection.The T/NT ratio increased with time and was 27.27 at 72 h post injection.The tumors in nude mice bearing SKOV-3 xenografts could be visualized on 131I-Herceptin SPECT imaging 2 h post injection; definitely identiffed 48 h post injection and the radioactivity ratio of tumor to contralateral tissue was 11.44 at 120 h post injection.However, the tumor in nude mice bearing HO-8910 xenografts did not show abnormal uptake of 131 I-Herceptin at each time point.Conclusions 131 I-Herceptin is a good radiopharmaceutical targeting SK-OV-3 xeuografts and it may be useful in imaging carcinoma of ovary and target therapy of its metastases with high HER-2/neu expression.

In order to confirm the existence of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase (IDO) gene in swine, and to clone the novel gene followed by the molecule structure properties and expression pattern analysis, the porcine mRNA sequences homologous to human IDO were obtained from GenBank database by bioinformatics method. By using RT-PCR, the IDO gene was cloned from porcine endothelial cell line and the accuracy of the nucleic acid sequence was confirmed, and the expression pattern of the gene was detected. The three-dimensional structure model of porcine IDO was built referring to the tertiary structure of human IDO using biological sequence analysis software and database. The results showed that the porcine IDO was identified by sequencing. The nucleotide sequences were confirmed as a novel gene after submitted to Genbank. Porcine IDO was expressed in the lung, thymus, epididymis and anterior chamber with a basic level, however in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) the IDO gene was highly expressed. The three-dimensional structure model of porcine IDO was similar to that of human IDO. It was suggested that identification of the structure information of porcine IDO is essential to further investigate the immunologic function of the gene. Study of IDO on NK cells-mediated xenograft rejection will be a novel therapeutic target for the development of xenotransplantation.