Side population cells (SPs) are selected by the efflux features of fluorescent dye Hoechst33342.SPs have the characteristics of cancer stem cells,and play an extremely important role in the occurrence and development of tumors.At present,the SPs in common types of malignant tumor have been studied extensively at home and abroad.The study of SPs may shed some light on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.

Objective To evaluate the effects of repeated sevoflurane anesthesia on long-term cognitive function in lactating rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy Spragne-Dawley rats,aged 7 days,weighing 14-17 g,were randomly divided into 3 groups (n =8 each):control group (group C),2.6 ％ sevoflurane group (group S1),and 1.5％ sevoflurane group (group S2).At 7,14 and 21 days after birth,2.6％ and 1.5％ sevoflurane and carrier gas were inhaled for 1 h in groups S1,S2 and C,respectively.Visible plafform trial was carried out on 28 and 29 days after birth,and the swimming speed of the rats was recorded.Place navigation test was performed on 32-36 days after birth,and the escape latency was recorded.Spatial probe test was carried out on 36 days after birth,and the time spent in the platform quadrant,swimming distance and the number of times crossing the platform quadrant was recorded.Results Compared with group C,the escape latency was significantly prolonged in groups S1 and S2 (P ＜ 0.05).The escape latency was significantly longer in group S1 than in group S2 (P ＜0.05).There were no significant differences between the three groups in the swimming speed,time spent in the platform zone,swimming distance and the number of times crossing the platform quadrant (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Repeated inhalation of sevoflurane during lactation can impair the long-term declarative memory,which is concentration-related,while it has no effects on the associative learning in rats.

Objective: To explore the pattem of lymphatic metastasis and influencing factors of thoracic esophageal carcinoma. Methods: We reviewed the pathological specimens from 229 esophageal carcinoma patients who underwent radical esophagectomy with two-field lymphadenectomy. A total of 2,458 lymph nodes were dissected. We analyzed the lymph node metastasis pattern of the primary tumor in different loca-tions and the corresponding influencing factors such as pathological T stage, tumor length, pathological mor-phology and tumor differentiation. Results: Lymph node metastasis rates were 44.5% (102/229) and 10.5% (258/2458), respectively. For patients with upper thoracic esophageal carcinomas, lymphatic metastasis rates in the superior mediastinum, the middle mediastinum, the inferior mediastinum and the abdominal cavity were 19.0%, 6.7%, 9.8% and 12.2%, respectively. For patients with middle thoracic esophageal carcinomas, the rates were 26.1%, 7.4%, 11.8% and 11.9%, respectively. For patietns with lower thoracic esophageal carcino-mas, the rates were 0, 1.6%, 5.3%, and 10.0%, respectively. Lymphatic metastasis rate in T_1, T_2, T_3, T_4, stage cancer were 28.6%, 43.8%, 47.6%, and 31.3%, respectively; the rate of positive lymph nodes were 7.9%, 10.8%, 10.7%, and 10.8%, respectively, with no significant differences among the four stages (x~2=2.733, P=0.435 and x~2=0.686, P=0.876). Lymphatic metastasis rate and rate of positive lymph nodes in patients with tu-mor ≤3cm, 3 to 5cm, and >5cm were 45.2% and 43.4%, 46.2% and 9.1%, and 11.6% and 11.7%, respective-ly, with no significant differences (x~2=0.094, P=0.954 and x~2=3.933, P=0.140). Lymphatic metastasis ratios of the pathological morphology in medullary, ulcerative, mushroom and stenotic types were 14.0%, 9.6%, 4.3% and 18.3%, respectively (x~2=19.292, P=0.000). Lymphatic metastasis rate and rate of positive lymph nodes of squamous cell carcinoma of moderately and poorly differentiation were 42.5%, 75.0% and 9.5%, 18.6%, re-spectively (x~2=4.852, P=0.028 and x~2=11.323, P=0.001). Patients with squamous cell carcinoma of poorly dif-ferentiation had a higher rate of lymph node metastasis. Conclusion: Lymphatic metastasis of esophageal car-cinoma metastasize widely even if in early T stage. Pathological morphology and tumor differentiation are re-lating facors of lymph node metastasis of thoracic esophageal carcinoma.

After the development of different medical social media in China was summarized , the advantages and trend of social media in medical field of China were analyzed , the challenges facing medical social media were pointed out and their countermeasures were proposed .

ObjectiveTo analyze the mental health level and the correlative factors of elderly reflux esophaditis patients.Methods86 elderly reflux esophagitis patients were tested with Symptom Check List-90 (SCL-90) and the Correlative Factor Inquiry List.ResultsThe total SCL-90 scores of the patients was 137.5±27, the number of symptomatic items was 29.9±17, which was significantly higher than that of domestic norm ( P<0.01). Besides of psychopathic and phobic, other factor scores of SCL-90 were also significantly higher than that of domestic norm ( P<0.05～0.01). The somatization, depression and anxiety were first three factors according to significant level. The constitution of patients showed the normal distribution at the level of total SCL-90 score.ConclusionMental health level of elderly reflux esophaditis patients is lower than that of normal people. The two primary reasons are long-term trend and stress of disease.

OBJECTIVETo compare the efficacy difference in the treatment of functional dyspepsia between acupuncture at the acupoints selected by pattern/syndrome differentiation and domperidone.

METHODSSeventy cases were randomized into an acupuncture group (35 cases) and a western medication group (35 cases). In the acupuncture group, Zusanli (ST 36) and Neiguan (PC 6) were selected. Taichong (LR 3) and Neiting (ST 44) were added for excess syndrome while Gongsun (SP 4) and Yinlingquan (SP 9) were added for deficiency syndrome. A pair of electrodes was attached to one acupoint and an assistant point (2 mm next to the acupoint centripetally) and stimulated with disperse-dense wave at 2 Hz/100 Hz, once a day. In the western medication group, domperidone was prescribed for oral administration, 10 mg each time, three times a day. In the two groups, the treatment of 5 days made one session and 4 sessions were required totally. Nepean dyspepsia index (NDI) was compared after treatment, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 months after treatment between the two groups respectively.

RESULTSThe score of symptom and score of life quality in NDI after treatment and at each follow-up time point were improved obviously in the acupuncture group as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01). In the western mediation group, the score of symptom and the score of life quality in NDI after treatment and in follow-up of 1, 2 and 3 months were improved obviously as compared with those before treatment (all P < 0.01), but the differences were not significant in follow-up of 4 and 5 months (both P > 0.05). Compared with the western medication group, the symptom score of NDI was reduced obviously after treatment and in each time point of follow-up in the acupuncture group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), and the score of life quality was increased obviously (P < 0.05, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture at the acupoints selected by pattern/syndrome differentiation and domperidone are effective in the treatment of functional dyspepsia. Domperidone is unsatisfactory in the long-term effect, but acupuncture achieves the positive short-term and long-term effects on functional dyspepsia.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Aged ; Dyspepsia ; diagnosis ; psychology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Quality of Life ; Time ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

Animals ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Nickel ; toxicity ; Oxidative Stress ; physiology ; Testis ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of qidong huoxue decoction (QHD) on inflammatory factors and Toll-like receptor (TLR4) mRNA expressions in acute lung injury (ALI) rats.

METHODSTotally 50 healthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank control group, the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) model group, low, middle, high dose QHD groups according to body weight, 10 rats in each group. Rats in low, middle, high dose QHD groups were intragastrically administered with QHD at 4, 8, and 16 mL/kg 24, 12 h before modeling and 12 h after modeling, respectively. Normal saline was intragastrically administered to rats in the blank control group and the LPS model group. An ALI rat model was established using intratracheal instillation of LPS. Rats were killed after 24-h modeling. Then the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was prepared. Contents of TNF-α, IL-1β, and L-10 were detected using ELISA. TLR4 mRNA expressions were determined byreal time PCR.

RESULTSCompared with the blank control group, contents of TNF-α, IL-1β , and IL-10 increased (P <0. 01), TLR4 mRNA expressions also increased in the LPS model group (all P <0. 01). Compared with the LPS model group, contents of TNF-α and IL-1β decreased (P <0. 05, P <0. 01), IL-10 levels increased (P <0. 01) , TLR4 mRNA expressions were also reduced (P <0. 01), in high and middle dose QHD groups. Compared with the high dose QHD group, con- tents of TNF-α and IL-1β increased in middle and low dose QHD groups (P <0. 05); IL-10 levels decreased (P <0. 05) in the low dose QHD group(P <0. 05), TLR4 mRNA expressions also increased in the low dose QHD group (P <0. 05). Compared with the middle dose QHD group, IL-10 levels was reduced, but TLR4 mRNA expressions increased in the low dose QHD group (P <0. 05).

CONCLUSIONSQHD had the protective effect on LPS induced ALI rats. Its mechanism might be associated with inhibiting TLR4 mRNA expressions, leading to decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α and IL-β, elevated anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and thereby, correcting unbalanced inflammation.

Acute Lung Injury ; genetics ; metabolism ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Inflammation ; Interleukin-10 ; metabolism ; Interleukin-1beta ; metabolism ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Toll-Like Receptor 4 ; metabolism ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

ObjectiveTo study prognostic factors and surgical extent of papillary thyroid microcarcinona (PTMC). MethodsLiteratures about PTMC were searched. Relationship between prognostic factors and recurrence after initial operation was analyzed by meta analysis. The surgical extent of PTMC was discussed. Results A total of 12 retrospective studies were included. Meta analysis results showed that factors such as male, tumor size ＞ 5 mm, nonincidental, positive lymphnode, multifocus, and capsular invasion were related to recurrence after initial surgery. Age above 45 years had nothing to do with the recurrence rate of PTMC. There was no signifi.cant difference in recurrence rate between prophylactic neck dissection groups and the groups without prophylactic neck dissection. ConclusionsMany factors are related to the prognosis of PTMC. The surgical extent depends on prognostic factors. Prophylactic neck dissection is not supposed to be conventional surgical procedure for PTMC. Bilateral central lymph node dissection is appropriate to PTMC with positive lymph node.

Objective To explore a new method of functional reconstruction of hand digits and joints with free transfer of foot tissues so as to increase the success rate of the operation.Methods After micro-anatomic study of the plantar and dorsal metatarsal arteries,retrograde and free grafts of foot tissues pedicled with plantar metatarsal arteries were designed and applied in transplantation to treat 76 cases of hand digital or joint defects.The surgeries included 58 cases of transfer of the second toe,four cases of transfer of composite tissues of the second toe, eight cases of transfer of proximal interphalangeal joint,and six cases of nail flap transfer.Results The mi- cro-anatomic study found that the first plantar metatarsal artery was anatomically constant and the diameter of its branch to the second toe was larger than that of the first dorsal metatarsal artery.Flaps survived in 75 of the 76 patients(98.7%),with fine appearance and significantly improved function.One patient who had received free transfer of the second toe to reconstruct the thumb function had to undergo a second repair with infraclavicula skin tube because of refractory arteriospasm of anastomosed vessels.Conclusion Transfer with free retrograde grafts of foot tissues pedicled with plantar metatarsal artery to reconstruct hand functions can effectively improve the success rate of the operation,because it is free of the shortcomings of great anatomic variation of blood vessels and time-consuming and complex procedures in conventional transfer.