Objective:To develop and characterize the hydrogel microspheres for embolization.Methods:N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide-gelatin microspheres(TGMs)were prepared by an inverse suspension polymerization approach.Effects of materials on size,water absorption rate and elasticity of the microspheres were investigated.The materials which were included consisted of gelatin in the range of 10.0-100.0 g/L,N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide in the range of 33.3-200 g/L,cross-linking agent N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide in the range of 3.3-10.0 g/L,surfactant Span 80 in the range of 0.5-1.8 g/L,and initiator ammonium persulfate in the range of 1.0-5.0 g/L.The appearance of TGMs was observed under microscope.TGMs were analyzed by infrared spectrum(IR).Results:The TGMs were round with smooth surface in view of photograph of microscope.The average diameter of TGMs was increased with the increase of gelatin,monomer or cross-linking agent concentrations but decreased with the increase of surfactant or initiator Concentration.The water adsorption rate of the microspheres was decreased with the increase of gelatin or cross-linking agent concentration but not affected by surfactant concentration.The elasticity of TGMs was increased with the increase of monomer or cross-linking agent concentration,decreased with the increase of gelatin concentration,but not affected by surfactant or initiator concentration.All factors above considered,the final prepared TGMs consisted of 10 g/L gelatin,100.0 g/L monomer,6.7 g/L cross-linking agent,0.9 g/L surfactant,and 3.0 g/L initiator.The average diameter of TGMs obtained was about 700.0 ?m.The water adsorption rate and the elasticity in accordance with the maximum diameter of the microspheres passed through a microcatheter of TGMs were 12.4(g/g),and 1 600.0 ?m,respectively.The results of IR spectra confirmed the polymerization of monomer,resulting in N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide-gelatin microspheres.Conclusion:The developed TGMs seemed to be suitable for clinical embolization according to the surface,average diameter,elastic and hydrophilic property of TGMs.

In this paper, a detailed analysis was made on relevant literatures about bear bile powder in terms of chemical component, pharmacological effect and clinical efficacy, indicating bear bile powder's significant pharmacological effects and clinical application in treating various diseases. Due to the complex composition, bear bile powder is relatively toxic. Therefore, efforts shall be made to study bear bile powder's pharmacological effects, clinical application, chemical composition and toxic side-effects, with the aim to provide a scientific basis for widespread reasonable clinical application of bear bile powder.
Animals ; Bile ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Bile Acids and Salts ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Powders ; chemistry ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Ursidae ; metabolism

Objective:To analyze the chemical constituents of Rhizoma belamcandae by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS).Methods: Dried Belamcanda chinensis powder was extracted with 70% ethanol by sonication.The chromatographic separation was performed on a YMC ODS-C18 column (250 mm?4.6 mm I.D.,5 ?m) with a mobile phase composed of 20%CH3OH(A)-70%ACN(B) (0→30→45→65 min,20→30→90→100 B),eluted at a flow rate of 0.45 ml/min,and the UV detection wavelength was set at 265 nm.Positive ionization mode with a needle voltage of 5 000 V,a capillary voltage of 20 V,a gas(N2)press of 20 psi and a temperature of the drying gas of 300℃ was selected.Relative molecular mass data acquisition was performed from m/z 250 to 550 in full MS scan mode.Results: Nine major isoflavones were identified from Rhizoma belamcandae based on their retention behavior obtained on-line by their UV spectra and the HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS.Conclusion: A rapid and efficient HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS method for identifying the chemical constituents of Belamcandae chinensis has been established,which provides more scientific information for quality control of Rhizoma belamcandae.

Objective To investigate the effect and the potential mechanisms of low molecular polysaccharide from agaricus blazei (LMPAB) on H2O2-induced oxidative injury in hippocampal neuronal cells of rats.Methods Hippocampal neuronal cells were isolated from SD rats (24 h) and grew in culture.Cultured cells were divided into normal control group (added the same amount of nutrient solution), model control group (added 500 μmol·L-1H2O2 solution) and LMPAB high, medium, low dose groups (added 20,10,5 mg·L-1 LMPAB solution, respectively, then added 500 μmol·L-1 H2O2 solution each).The hippocampal neuron cell activity was detected with MTT method.The hippocampus neuron mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was detected by flow cytometry.According to the reagent instruction methods, malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) activities were detected.Results The activities of cell, CAT, SOD, GSH-PX and MMP in normal control group and the LMPAB high dose group were significantly higher than those of model control group (P<0.01);The content of MDA in normal control group and LMPAB high dose group was significantly lower than that of model control group (P<0.01).Conclusion The protective effect of LMPAB on hippocampal neurons with H2O2-induced injury may be related with the mechanism of enhancing the neuronal antioxidative capacity.

By comprehensively reviewing the origin and history of Niuhuang Jiedu Wan and its "derivatives", we studied the clinical records of realgar, investigated its clinical usage, dosage, efficacy, and toxicity in the literatures. We pinpointed the factors that might be associated with safety problems of Niuhuang Jiedu Pian (Wan) and other traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) preparations containing arsenic substances. In this article we also put forward suggestions for strengthening the surveillance and administration of similar TCM preparations.
Arsenic Poisoning ; history ; prevention & control ; Arsenicals ; adverse effects ; analysis ; history ; Drug Combinations ; History, 20th Century ; History, 21st Century ; History, Ancient ; History, Medieval ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Sulfides ; adverse effects ; analysis ; history

This text emphasizes the present condition of the production and usage to Chinese herbal medicine inject, from the research angle of view of the pharmacoeconomics. Inquiry into the Chinese herbal medicine injects of the funds throw and throw in a funds and resources, the output of clinical health result and output a circumstance with social welfare, explicit the Chinese herbal medicine injected to take up a great deal of medicine health resources, but output not optimistic. Put forward the important meaning of pharmacoeconomics evaluation to Chinese herbal medicine inject that appears on market behind and carry on the main contents of the pharmacoeconomics evaluation thus.
Costs and Cost Analysis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; economics ; Economics, Pharmaceutical ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; economics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the correlation of vasectomy with the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese men.

METHODSWe systematically searched the databases CNKI, VIP, Wanfang, PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library for the literature relating the relationship between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer in Chinese males up to December 2014. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, two investigators independently selected the eligible publications, evaluated their quality, and extracted relevant information, followed by a meta-analysis with the software STATA 12.0.

RESULTSNine studies were included in the analysis involving 1 202 cases of prostate cancer and 4,496 controls. Random-effect model analysis revealed no statistically significant correlation between vasectomy and the risk of prostate cancer (OR = 1.05; 95% CI 0.62-1.79), with an obvious heterogeneity (P < 0.001, I2 = 85.7%). No significant publication bias was found among the included studies (Egger, P = 0.824; Begg, P = 0.348).

CONCLUSIONThe results of our meta-analysis do not support the association of vasectomy with the increased risk of prostate cancer in Chinese population.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; China ; Humans ; Male ; Prostatic Neoplasms ; ethnology ; etiology ; Risk Assessment ; Vasectomy ; adverse effects

A simple and quick method is described for the determination of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A and ligustilide in rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The 5 active ingredients in the sample was extracted using 40% ethanol and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatography separation was performed using Agilent 1100 series HPLC system with a Symmetry C18 column and gradient elution with a mixture of three solvents : solvent A, acetonitrile, solvent B, methanol and solvent C, 1% aqueous acetic acid, 0 min to 5 min A: B: C 20: 40: 40, 5 min to 30 min A: B: C 60 to 100 : 0 : 40 to 0. The effluent was monitored using a VWD detector set at 321 nm (0-4.3 min) and 275 nm (4.31-30 min). The flow rate was set at 1 mL x min(-1) and the injection volume was 10 microL. The column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The calibration curve was linear (r > or = 0.99) over the tested ranges. The average recovery was 94.44%-103.1% (n = 6). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis in different harvest periods of L. chuanxiong samples. In this paper, single-factor randomized block design to study the 5 components content of L. chuanxiong on ten collecting stages. For the L. chuanxiong collected from April 15th to May 30rd, the content of 5 ingredients increased primarily, and then decreased. Determine the appropriate harvest time has important significance to the promotion of the quality of L. chuanxiong.
4-Butyrolactone ; analogs & derivatives ; analysis ; Acetic Acid ; chemistry ; Acetonitriles ; chemistry ; Benzofurans ; analysis ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Coumaric Acids ; analysis ; Ligusticum ; chemistry ; Methanol ; chemistry ; Solvents ; chemistry ; Time Factors

Background: and Purpose Brainstem gliomas (BSGs) in adults are rare brain tumors with dismal outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the clinical and genetic features in a series of BSGs and their association with the prognosis. Methods: Fifty patients who underwent a stereotactic biopsy between January 2016 and April 2018 at a single institution were collected. Data on clinicopathological characteristics were analyzed and factors associated with patient survival were identified using a Cox regression model. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 55.5 years, and 62% of the patients were male. Glioblastoma (44%) accounted for the largest proportion of BSGs, and oligodendroglioma (2 of 50) was rarely encountered. The IDH mutation (6 of 44) occurred infrequently in astrocytomas, and IDH-mutant tumors harbored both ATRX loss and MGMT promoter methylation at a relatively low level. Wild-type IDH astrocytomas were identified as having high rates of 1p/19q codeletion (5 of 38) and loss of heterozygosity 1p (8 of 38) or 19q (8 of 38) only. In diffuse midline glioma H3K27M mutant, MGMT promoter methylation occurred in three of four cases. Patients were offered radiotherapy and/or concurrent/adjuvant temozolomide chemotherapy, and their median survival time was 13 months. Multivariate analysis revealed that a low tumor grade, absence of tumor enhancement, duration of symptoms ≥3 months, Karnofsky performance status ≥70, and ATRX loss conferred a survival advantage. Conclusions Adult BSGs showed different molecular genetic characteristics, but also resembled supratentorial gliomas in their clinical features associated with oncological outcomes.

OBJECTIVETo study the inhibitory effect of mutant K-ras gene depletion by small interfering RNA on the growth of lung cancer cell line-H441 cells in vitro and in vivo.

METHODSOne pair of 63 bp reverse repeated sequence targeting mutant K-ras(V12) mRNA spaced by 9 bp nucleotide were synthesized and inserted into plasmid pSilencer3.1 eukaryotic expression vector. After transient and stable transfection into H441 cells, the mutant K-ras mRNA and protein level were measured by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and the H441 cells proliferation was measured by MTT method, and the apoptosis rate was detected by flow-cytometry. H441 cells treated with pSilencer3.1-K-ras(V12) were transplanted subcutaneously in nude mice and their tumorigenesis ability was observed.

RESULTSThe recombinant plasmid pSilencer3.1-K-ras(V12) was successfully constructed by sequencing. The introduction of pSilencer3.1-K-ras(V12) was showed to efficiently and specifically inhibit the expression of K-ras(V12) gene according to the results of RT-PCR and Western blotting (P < 0.01, as compared with controls). The inhibitory effect on cell proliferation was confirmed by MTT test (P < 0.05, as compared with controls). Apoptosis rate of H441 cells treated with pSilencer3.1-K-ras(V12) was significantly higher than that of the control cells (P < 0.01). The test in vivo showed that downregulation of K-ras(V12) expression in H441 cells apparently affected their ability to form tumors in nude mice.

CONCLUSIONSsiRNA targeting mutant K-ras mRNA can specifically suppress the expression of mutant K-ras gene in H441 cells, and therefore has a substantially inhibitory effect on cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo, it provides a new method and material to the gene therapy of lung cancer.

Adenocarcinoma ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; Gene Silencing ; Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; therapy ; Mice ; Mice, Nude ; Plasmids ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Transfection ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays ; ras Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism