Cheek ; pathology ; Choristoma ; Humans ; Salivary Ducts

Since the instability of the spine caused by trauma,tumor,tuberculosis,deformity cor-rection and other reasons requires reconstruction,many scholars have conducted a large number of thorough researches,but the treatment options for unstable cervical spine still plague the clinicians.Considering the factors of stability and safety,more and more clinicians choose cervical pedicle screw placement as the treatment for spinal instability.In this work,the most common methods and the latest technologies of cervi-cal pedicle screw placement at home and abroad are summarized and reviewed.It provides references for clinical practices and presents the significance of high-tech assisted screw placement in the future.

With the development of nanotechnology,nanomaterials have great application potential in drug delivery system.Understanding the cellular uptake mechanism of nanoparticles has important scientific significance and application value in understanding life processes in cellular level,mechanisms of drug action and gene therapy,which provides the basis for developing safer and more effective nanosized drug carrier.This review summarizes the latest advancement about cellular uptake mechanisms of nanopatricles.Based on a brief introduction of the endocytic pathway of nanoparticles,influencing factors of endocytosis pathway are discussed,and the common methods used to study nanoparticle endocytosis pathways are also introduced in detail.

Agarases are glycoside hydrolases.They are grouped into?and?types,which hydrolyze?-1,3 linkages and?-1,4 linkages respectively.The paper is about advance in research of agarase including the research of biology,the classcification,the crystal structure,the catalysis mechanism and application of agarases.

Low back pain has a serious impact on people's lives in t he world.With the approaching of aging society in China,the number of low back pain increased rapidly.Though many of the pathological factors in spine might lead to low back pain,Modic changes (MCs) was one of the most important factors.Therefore,to get familiar with MCs in the etiology and pathology has a positive practical significance.Although a large number of studies have analyzed the epidemiological and imaging characteristics of MCs,there are relatively few studies on the histological and pathological fields of MCs.In recent years,researchers have gradually shed some light on etiology of MCs and found that low toxic bacterial infection and autoimmune reaction may play a vital role in the development of MCs.The damage of vertebral body or endplate is closely related to the etiopathogenesis of MCs.In addition,to reveal the pathological characteristic of MCs is also a good attempt for better understanding of MCs.There are various imaging changes in MCs,however,what is the pathological basis behind it.It is also unclear that why different types of MCs are capable of transformation? When MCs occur,the activation of some cytokines (such as IL-6,RANKL,etc.) and certain receptors (TLR,PPARγ,etc.) can interfere with the formation and metabolism of the nearby bone marrow cells,break the balance of formation and absorption in trabecular beam and further change their microstructures through various pathways.During this dynamic balance process,the different types of MCs can be transformed into each other.The specific type may not only depend on the intensity and duration of inflammatory stimulus,but also rely on the composition and metabolic status of the bone marrow.Although the study of animal models has made some progress,some limitations still exist in practical course.Due to the unclear mechanism of MCs,the study on etiology and pathology of MCs may play a great important role in clarifying this issue.

Objective To determine multiple inorganic anions in drinking water with ion chromatography,such as F~-,Cl~-, NO_2~-,Br~-,HPO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-).Methods The ion chromatography was used.The optimized conditions were explored.Results Under the selected flow rate(1.5 ml/min),the optimal concentration of eluent NaHCO_3 and Na_2CO_3 was 2.0?10~(-3)and 3.0?10~(-3) mmol/L,under the concentration of eluent,the optimum pump flow rate was 1.5 ml/min,the recovery rate was 94.69%-102.20%. Conclusion This method is applicable to the determination of multiple inorganic anions in drinking water.

Objective Early clinical symptoms of esophageal cancer are often not obvious , so a deeper insight into tumor markers is very important for the early diagnosis of esophageal cancer .This study was to investigate the expressions of Rock 2 and Wnt11 in the specific esophageal cancer cell lines Eca-109 and HEEC and the relationship of the signal transduction pathway of proteins with the development of esophageal cancer . Methods Esophageal cancer cell lines Eca-109 and HEEC were cultured and the expression levels of Rock2 and Wnt11 in the cell lines were determined by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot . Results The mRNA expressions of Rock2 and Wnt11 were significantly increased in the Eca-109 as compared with those in the HEEC cell line (4.955± 0.539 vs 1.000±0.000, P<0.01;2.925±0.230 vs 1.000±0.000, P<0.01), and so were the protein expressions of Rock 2 and Wnt11 (955.000±21.628 vs 778.844±102.193, P<0.05;2175.316±145.623 vs 1312.233±50.734, P<0.05). Conclusion The up-regula-ted expressions of Rock 2 and Wint11 may be the markers of the metastasis of esophageal squamous cancer .

Objective:To explore the vulnerability and related risk behaviors of the out-of-school adolescents floating with their parents from country to city.Methods:From September to October in 2005,260 out-of-school adolescents who were 14 to 20 years old were investigated in our study.Results:The out-of-school adolescents lacked of HIV/AIDS knowledge and life skills,and their psychosocial competence was at a lower level.The adolescents were open-minded to sex,but they were not conscious of using condoms.Attitude towards people with HIV was positively correlated with a well-being family,harmonious relation between their parents,a stable job,knowledge,life skills and psychosocial competence(such as in control of emotions,empathy).Their life skills were positively correlated with their mothers'schooling satisfaction with family income,a stable job,high scores of knowledge,social responsibility,and interpersonal relationship.Competence of HIV/AIDS prevention was positively correlated with schooling,a stable job,knowledge,life skills,and psychosocial competence.Conclusion:Out-of-school adolescents were vulnerable to HIV/AIDS.Individual level intervention combined with structural intervention could effectively reduce their vulnerability.Effective and feasible health education approach to enhance their life skills and psychosocial competence was a key point to health education on HIV/AIDS prevention.

[Objective]To explore the vascularization within spherical porous ?-TCP scaffolds in vivo.[Method]Thirty adult rabbits were selected and divided into 5 groups randomly.Spherical porous ?-TCP scaffolds(the diameter was 2 cm,the pore size was 500～600?m,the interconnection size was 110～120 ?m) were harvested at 1,2,4,8 and 12 weeks after embedded into muscle-fascia lumbodorsalis pouches in each rabbit separately,in order to observe the vascularization by means of morphological and quantificational analysis.[Result]No vessel was detected at one week after surgery,and only a few immature vascular buds could be seen at the 2nd week.The first vascularization peak could be observed at 4 weeks,characterized by the growth of quantity of new blood vessels(P0.05).[Conclusion]The process of vascularization comprises two phases,the quantity increasing in the early stage and the quality enhancing in the later stage.The special architecture and biodegradation characters of scaffolds could influence the vascularization.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of mizolastine in patients with ch ronic urticaria and to explore the role of IL-4 in the process of chronic urtic aria. METHODS: 32 cases of chronic urticaria were treated with m izolastine, and the therapeutic effects and the side-effect were evaluated. The serum IL-4 levels were tested by ELISA. RESULTS: The total ef fective rates were 62.5 % and 84.4 % (P 0.05 ), and before treatment were significantly higher than tho se after treatment (P