Adaptive design is a trial design that allows modifications to some aspects of the trial after its initiation without undermining the validity and integrity of the trial. Adaptive design makes it possible to discover and rectify inappropriate assumptions in trial designs, reduce development costs and the time to market. It has been very attractive to the pharmaceutical industries. In this paper, it is not focused on adaptive designs for clinical trials with multiple endpoints studied using computer simulations, but is to clarify our evolution, which is taken into consideration in a trial adaptive design at present, if need modifications.

Evaluation of regional health service system can provide guidance for regional health planning,improve the ability of the national macro-control and supervision,and optimize the medical resource allocation.China has yet to establish a set of scientific and comprehensive evaluation index system.Through the introduction of the importance,influence factors and the current methods in evaluation of regional medical service system in US,suggestions are provided for establishing and improving China's evaluation system of regional health service.

The physicians and nurses in the intensive care unit often discuss about withdrawing or withholding life-support therapy of critical ill patients with them or their family members.In this article,we expatiate on the importance,approach,agendas and medical ethical issues of the communication about end-of-life care between clinicians and families.

Objective To investigate the situation of mental disability in Hebei province. Methods Based on the survey of the Second National Disabled Sample in Hebei province, the data of mental disability were analysed, including the morbidity, severity, causes, and the service and demand. Results The morbidity of mental disability was higher in the countryside than that in the city (χ2=364.24, P<0.01). The severity of the disabled was more in level 3 or 4 than in level 1 and 2 (χ2=221.16, P<0.01). The genetic disease and brain disease were the major causes to the mental disability. The service did not meet the demand. Conclusion The mental disability was more in the countryside than in the city, with severity of mild to moderate.

Abstract?AlM: To investigate the relationship between carotid artery stenosis and ischemic ocular diseases.?METHODS: The clinical data of 30 cases ( 37 eyes ) of patients with ischemic eye diseases were collected from November 2010 to May 2014, and they were accepted the fundus fluorescein angiography ( FFA ) , transcranial Doppler ( TCD) ultrasonic blood vessels of the eye, neck vascular color Doppler flow imaging ( CDFl) , the neck CT angiography ( CTA ) and carotid artery digital subtraction angiography ( DSA) examination, and then the ischemic eye disease patients with ocular symptoms were analyzed. The peak systolic velocity ( PSV) and resistance index ( Rl) of ophthalmic artery and central retinal artery were compared. Correlation between the internal carotid artery intima- media thickness ( lMT ) and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery PSV and Rl correlation risk;ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and ophthalmic artery PSV and Rl; PSV and Rl associated ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and central retinal artery were analyzed.?RESULTS:Eye symptoms:a black dim, reduced vision, the eyes flash, and around the eye pain were 75. 7%, 83. 8%, 51. 4% and 32. 4%;The eye signs:the dilatation of retinal vein, retinal hemorrhage, arterial stenosis and cotton spot and the contralateral side were regarded as main signs. Ophthalmic artery PSV and Rl value of the differences were statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ); The contralateral side of the central retinal artery PSV and Rl value of the differences were statistically significant ( P<0. 05 ); The ipsilateral internal carotid artery lMT and ophthalmic artery, central retinal artery PSV and Rl were not correlated ( P>0. 05 ); The ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and ophthalmic artery PSV had no correlation with Rl values (P>0. 05); PSV and Rl and the ipsilateral internal carotid artery plaque and central retinal artery had no correlation (P>0. 05).?CONCLUSlON: The incidence of ischemic eye diseases and internal carotid artery stenosis is associated with very close, the clinical can regard the degree of internal carotid artery stenosis as an important basis for diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases.

Objective To determine multiple inorganic anions in drinking water with ion chromatography,such as F~-,Cl~-, NO_2~-,Br~-,HPO_4~(2-),NO_3~-,SO_4~(2-).Methods The ion chromatography was used.The optimized conditions were explored.Results Under the selected flow rate(1.5 ml/min),the optimal concentration of eluent NaHCO_3 and Na_2CO_3 was 2.0?10~(-3)and 3.0?10~(-3) mmol/L,under the concentration of eluent,the optimum pump flow rate was 1.5 ml/min,the recovery rate was 94.69%-102.20%. Conclusion This method is applicable to the determination of multiple inorganic anions in drinking water.

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; surgery ; Head and Neck Neoplasms ; surgery ; Humans ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; surgery ; Prognosis

in this Article 20 Cases of Spontaneous rupture of primary liver Cancer Adimitted and treated in our hospital in the past 23 years (1956-1979) Are Analyed. of these 19 Were Male And 1 female, their Age ranged from 20 to 65 years, 75 per Cent Were 30 to 40 years of Age, The incidence Was 8 per Cent.Diagnosis, differential diagnosis and the mechanism of Spontaneous ruptnre of primary liver Cancer as Well as the Cause of Erroneous diagnosis are discussed in detail.The Clinical records revealed that 50 Per Cent of the Patients Who deid Within one month. After the rupture Should be reseued promptly, 2 Cases Survived 4 and 19 months respectively After the ligation of he patic artery, in order to prolong the Patients. life, it is Considered positive to excute ligation of hapatic Artery to stop bleeding And prevent the progress of Cancer.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of surface modified nano titanium-oxide on the mechanical properties of A-2186 silicone elastomers. Methods:Added surface modified nano titanium-oxide into A-2186 silicone elastomers with 0.0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 3.0% additions according to the ASTM standard. The mechanical properties of A-2186 silicone elastomer including the tensile strength, the broken elongation, the tear strength and the Shore-A hardness were tested separately. The section of samples were investigated by scanning electron microscope and energy spectrum analysis. Used statistics method to analyse the results. The results were analysed with software EPSS 13.0. Results:With the addition of nano titanium-oxide increasing, the tensile strength, the broken elongation and the tear strength of A-2186 silicone elastomers increased firstly, and then decreased. While the Shore-A hardness of A-2186 silicone elastomers increased gradually. When the addition of surface modified nano titanium-oxide reached to 2.0%, the nano titanium-oxide dispersed well in the base without agglomeration. Under such condition, the A-2186 silicone elastomer showed the best general mechanical properties:the tensile strength was (6.54?0.55) MPa, the broken elongation was 618.00?7.58(%), the tear strength was (16.64?0.52) kN/m and the Shore-A hardness was (31.00?0.79) U. Conclusion:The mechanical properties of A-2186 silicone elastomers are improved most greatly with 2.0% addition of surface modified nano titanium-oxide to the base of A-2186 silicone elastomers.

Objective:To study the effects of the secondary metabolites of Rhizotonia leguminicola on cyclophosphamide-induced immunoregulation in immunosuppressed mice.Methods:The immunosuppressed mouse model was established by cyclophosphamide(80 mg/kg) injected into abdominal cavity.The diluent of secondary metabolites of Rhizotonia leguminicola(SW) at the dosage of 8,16 and 32 mg/(kg?d) was intragastrically administered for 11 days respectively.Meanwhile,the normal control group and CTX model control group were established.Blood,thymus and spleen of the mice were collected respectively at 24 h after the last intragastric administration,and the immunological detection was also carried out.Results:CTX was injected constantly into the abdominal cavity at 80 mg/kg for 3 d,which leaded to immunosuppression of the mice.The groups which took SW at 8 and 16 mg/(kg?d) could increase the number of WBC of the mice.Cyclophosphamide induced a decrease of phagocytic activity of the peritoneal macrophages in the mice and a boost of hemolysin level of the peripheral blood,lymphocyte transformation of the spleens and the activity of NK cells,which were especially obvious in the group of SW at 16 mg/(kg?d).Conclusion:The secondary metabolites of Rhizotonia leguminicola have effects of recovery and reinforcement in cyclophosphamide-induced immunoregulation of immunosuppressed mice.