The physicians and nurses in the intensive care unit often discuss about withdrawing or withholding life-support therapy of critical ill patients with them or their family members.In this article,we expatiate on the importance,approach,agendas and medical ethical issues of the communication about end-of-life care between clinicians and families.

Objective To investigate the etiology and prognostic factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) in pediatric patients . Methods The clinical data of children patients with AKI in this hospital ,including the clinical features ,causes and outcomes ,were retrospectively analyzed .The relationship between the risk factors and prognosis was analyzed .Results Infants were dominated by the prerenal factors and the other age groups were dominated by the renal factors .The univariate analysis revealed that the AKI stage ,etiology ,mechanical ventilation ,sepsis/septic shock ,MODS ,acidosis ,creatinine initial value ,creatinine peak value and serum potassium were the factors affecting prognosis .The Logistic regression analysis showed that mechanical ventilation ,MODS and sep-sis/septic shock were the independent risk factors affecting prognosis .Conclusion The etiology of AKI in children is diverse and its distribution has the age characteristics .Mechanical ventilation ,MODS and sepsis/septic shock are the independent risk factors af-fecting prognosis .The early diagnosis and the active treatment conduces to improve prognosis .

Post-operative recurrence and metastasis remain the leading causes of death for patients with gastric cancer. The major determinants of recurrence and metastasis are the biological characteristics of cancer cells and the immunological status of the patients. In recent years, due to the target-specificity, biotherapy has yielded efficacious responses in diverse clinical applications for cancer treatment, partially for the treatment of recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer. However, because of the high diversities in clinical manifestations, patients' condition, and tumor's characteristics, there is no ideal strategy of biotherapy established for the prevention and treatment of recurrence and metastasis in gastric cancer. Therefore, a lot of work need to be done in basic research and clinical trial to make the biotherapy effective in treatment of gastric cancer recurrence.
Biological Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is one of the common techniques in molecular biology, which can amplify nucleic acids through the cycle of denaturation, annealing and extension. Based on the principle of common PCR, rapid PCR is to realize the amplification of nucleic acids in less time without affecting the specificity, sensitivity and fidelity of the reaction. A lot of research work in this field has been going on in recent years. This article will make a review of the development of rapid PCR with emphases on the improvement of DNA polymerase, the choice of additives and the improvement of thermocyclers.

In pregnant women,positive rate of thyroid peroxidase antibody(TPOAb) is approximately 3%~10%.It is still controversial whether thyroid antibody positive rate is higher in women undergoing artificial assistant reproductive technologies.TAI might have a negative effect on pregnant outcome,which has been proved in different groups of women.Intravenous immunoglobulin,thyroxin replacement therapy and selenium therapy have been used for TAI intervention.More evidence is needed to demonstrate mechanism and evaluate effect for each therapy.

Formation of malignant tumor originating from normal healthy cell is a multistep process including genetic and epigenetic lesions. Previous studies of cell line model systems displayed that early important epigenetic events happened in stepwise fashion prior to cell immortalization. Once these epigenetic alterations are integrated into chromatin, they will perform vertical propagation through cell subculture. Hence, status of epigenetics is dramatically important in maintaining of cell identity. Histone modification is another factor of epigenetic alterations during human oncogenesis. Histones, one of main components of chromatin, can be modified post-translationally. Histone tail modifications are regulated by corresponding modification enzymes. This review focuses on the description of relationship between the main sites of histone modification and oncogenesis.

Chills ; prevention & control ; Cold Temperature ; Female ; Humans ; Occupational Exposure ; prevention & control ; Occupational Health Services ; Water

Adult ; Decompression, Surgical ; methods ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Optic Nerve ; surgery ; Optic Nerve Injuries ; surgery ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the role of ceramide pathway in cell proliferation and early apoptosis induction in U251 glioma cell after cannabinoid receptora agent anandmide(AEA)treatment.Methods U251 gliom cells were treated with AEA(1-10 μmol/L),Ceramide(5-20 μmol/L) and fumonisin B1 (FB1) (10 μmol/L) pretreatment.The growth inhibition rate of U251 was investigated by MTT assay.The early events of the apoptosis were measured by flow cytometry using annexin-V/propium iodide(PI) double staining method.Results Different concentrations of AEA inhibited the proliferation of human glioma U251 cells,and had synergistic effect with CM by FB1(10 μmol/L)pretreatment for 24 h.After exposure to AEA(10 μmol/L)for 24 h,U251 gliomacells could undergo the early cell apoptosis which was affected by FB1(10 μmol/L).Conclusion AEA through the CM de novo synthesis pathway,and CM concentration was lazy in collaboration,thus inhibiting human glioma U251 cell proliferation and induce early apoptosis.