Humans ; Myocardial Reperfusion Injury

Introduction: Biomedical research has traditionally been the domain of developed countries. We aim to study the effects of the increased focus on biomedical and medical research on level 1-4 publications in several industrialised and newly industrialised countries endowed with petroleum and gas resources. Methods: We identified all level 1-4 publications from 01/01/1994 to 31/12/2013 via PubMed using advanced options. The population and GDP (current US$) data from 1994-2013 were obtained through data provided by the World Bank and the raw data was normalised based on these two indicators. Results: From 1994-2013, Saudi Arabia and Malaysia were responsible for the highest absolute number of level 1 to 4 biomedical and medical research publications with 2551 and 1951 publications respectively. When normalised to population, Kuwait and Qatar had the highest publication rates, with 7.84 and 3.99 publications per 100,000 inhabitants respectively in a five yearly average. Kuwait produced the largest number of publications per billion (current US$) of GDP, at 2.92 publications, followed by Malaysia at 2.82 publications in a five yearly average. Conclusion: The population size of a country as well as GDP can influence the number of level 1-4 publications in some countries. More importantly, effective government policy which stimulates research as well as a culture which actively promotes research as shown by Malaysia have proven to have a larger influence on the amount of level 1-4 biomedical and medical publications.
Biomedical Research

Objective To explore the relationship between schizotypal personality proneness and intelligence .Methods 1905 subjects were tested by Chinese Soldier Personality Questionnaire(CSPQ).According to the results of CSPQ,the subjects were divided into high-risk subjects and normal ones.The Words Reasoning Test, the Arithmetic Reasoning Test and the Assembling Test were used to evaluate the intelligence,and the scores of these tests were compared between the two groups.Correlation coefficient between schizotypal personality proneness and intelligence was calculated.Results The scores of the Words Reasoning Test,the Arithmetic Reasoning Test and the Assembling Test in high-risk subjects were significantly lower than those in normal ones((87.83±18.42)VS(101.37±13.48),P<0.01;(91.74±14.26)vs(101.65±14.62),P<0.01;(87.70±18.82)VS (101.73±14.26),P<0.01).Schizotypal personality proneness was significantly correlated with the scores of intelligence(r=-0.39,P<0.01).Conclusion Lower intelligence level is found in the group with schizotypal personality proneness.Intelligence is correlated with schizotypal personality proneness.

The book Acupuncture-moxibustion Clinical Skills Training is one of "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" in novative teaching materials, which is published by People's Medical Publishing House. Through learning the first half of the book commonly used needling and moxibustion techniques, it is realized that the selection of book content is reasonable and much attention is paid to needling and moxibustion techniques; the chapter arrangement is well-organized, and the form is novel, which is concise and intuitive; for every technique, great attention is paid to standardize the manipulation procedure and clarify the technique key, simultaneously the safety of acupuncture and moxibustion is also emphasized. The characteristics of the book, including innovativeness, practicability, are highlighted, and it greatly helps to improve students' clinical skills and examination ability.
Acupuncture ; education ; standards ; Acupuncture Therapy ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; Books ; Clinical Competence ; standards ; Humans ; Moxibustion ; instrumentation ; methods ; standards ; Reference Standards ; Teaching ; standards ; Teaching Materials ; standards

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of hypoxia on the human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells two pore domain potassium channels TASK-1 and the regulation of non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src in this process.

METHODSThe cultured human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (hPASMCs) were divided into: normal group, hypoxia 30 minute group, hypoxia 6 hours group and hypoxia 48 hour group, and hypoxia 48 hour + PP2 group, hypoxia 48 hour + PP3 group, hypoxia 48 hour + bpV group. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle, RT-PCR and Western blot technique were carried out to detect the expression changes of TASK-1 mRNA and protein in different groups.

RESULTS(1) Cell Cycle Show: Compared with normal control group, with prolonged hypoxia, the percentages of hPASMCs in S phases of cell cycle were increased. While compared with hypoxia 48 hour group, the percentages of hypoxia 48 hour + PP2 group hPASMCs in S phases of cell cycle were decreased. The expression of TASK-1 mRNA on hPASMCs in acute hypoxia 6 hour group was increased, while the expression of TASK-1 protein on hPASMCs in the acute and chronic hypoxia group was decreased, and the expression of TASK-1 mRNA on hPASMCs in the chronic hypoxia group was decreased; After pre-incubation of a potent and selective inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine kinases PP2, the expression of TASK-1 mRNA and protein in hypoxia 48 hour group was increased, however after pre-incubation of the inhibitor of the Src family of protein tyrosine phosphatase bpV, the expression of TASK-1 protein in hypoxia 48 hour group was decreased.

CONCLUSIONHypoxia promotes human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell proliferation, and non-receptor tyrosine kinase c-Src may participate in the expression of two pore domain potassium channels TASK-1 regulated by hypoxia. Therefore, we hypothesized that TASK-1 channels and c-Src participatein the acute and chronic hypoxic human pulmonary vasoconstriction.

Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle ; cytology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins ; metabolism ; Potassium Channels, Tandem Pore Domain ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Artery ; cytology ; RNA, Messenger ; Vasoconstriction ; src-Family Kinases ; metabolism

Objective Revealing the developmental regulation of Cervus nippon's oocyte and organelles. Methods In the experiment,follicle systems during both estrum and non- estrum were divided into the primordial follicle,growing follicle and mature follicle according to the Cervus nippon's follicle diameter size,formation of zonapellucida,appearance time of follicular cavity.At the same time,observations on cytoplasmic organelles in development of oocytes were conducted with electron microscopic,eyepiece micrometer and photomicrographic technique(The number of every oocyte observed is 6-8). Results In the primordial follicle and early growing follicle phase,the quantity of mitochondria,golgi apparatus,smooth endoplasmic reticulum and cortical granules increased gradually and all organelles moved to the cortical area.However,in the late growing follicle and mature follicle phase,Golgi apparatus and rough endoplasmic reticulum disappeared,cortical granules began to arrange themselves in line beneath the plasma membrane of the oocyte,mitochondrias dispersed toward the central region of cytoplasm,and almost all the round mitochondria with rare cristae turned into hooded ones, and nucleus compaction occurred.In addition,the short and thick microvilli began to appear from the primary follicle ovocyte,become intensive and slender when secondary follicle's ovocyte;It's until tertiary follicle's ovocyte,microvilli started to shorten and become coarse,and even parts of them contract from the zona pellucida gradually.Conclusion In the development of oocytes, the changes of type,quantity and distribution on mitochondria has a close relation with cells at proliferation,differentiation and metabolism level.Cortical granule has no association with golgi apparatus basically,but smooth endoplasmic reticulum(SER).The nuclei are the sites of RNA synthesis and warehouses,and its densification is the premise of meiosis recovery.

Objective To investigate the metabolite features of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats in vitro by high resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (HR-MASNMR).Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomized into ANP group ( n = 20) and control group ( n = 10).All the rats in ANP group were injected with L-arginine 2.5mg/g body weight twice, and the animals in the control group received same dose of saline. HR MASNMR was used to study the metabolic changes of acute necrotizing pancreatitis in rats in vitro. Results 12 hours after the ANP induction, the pancreas were more swelling, presented with bleeding points, with mild increase in liquefied change, coagulation necrosis could be found in parenchyma and a large number of fatty tissues could be seen around the pancreas. Serum amylase level was ( 3527 ± 429 ) U/L, which was significantly higher than ( 1250 ± 188 ) U/L in control group.Compared with those in the control group, the signal intensity of taurine ( Tau), acetic acid ( Ace), alanine (Ala) of the ANP group were significantly increased. While the signal intensities of phosphocholine (Pc),glycerophosphocholine (GPc) and betine (Bet) were significantly decreased. The signal intensities of choline (Cho), glutamic acid (Glu), lactate (Lac) were not significantly different. Conclusions There were obvious metabolic features of pancreatic tissues of ANP in rats, and it is useful for the application of magnetic resonance spectroscopy in AP in vivo in human studies.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of butyl alcohol extract of Baitouweng decoction ( BAEB) on yeast-to-hyphae transition of Candida albicans isolates from vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) in alkaline pH.

METHODSerial 2-fold dilution assay was used to determine the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of Baitouweng decoction extracts against C. albicans isolates from VVC, XTT assay was applied to determine the metabolic activity of C. albicans hypha treated by BAEB for 6 h. The morphological change of C. albicans treated by BAEB was inspected at different pH by inverted microscope, fluorescence microscope, scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solid agar plate and semi-solid agar were utilized to evaluate colony morphology and invasive growth of C. albicans, respectively. Quantitative Real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was adopted to observe the expressions of hyphae-specific genes including HWP1, ALS3, CSH1, SUN41 and CaPDE2.

RESULTThe MIC of BAEB against C. albicans is less than that of other extracts; hyphae grow best at pH 8. 0; 512 mg · L(-1) and 1,024 mg · L(-1) BAEB could inhibit formation of hyphae and influence colony morphology. When treated by 512 mg · L(-1) and 1,024 mg · L(-1) BAEB, the colonies became smooth; while by 0 and 256 mg · L(-1) BAEB, the colonies became wrinkled. In semi-solid agar, the length of hyphae decreased steadily as the concentration of BAEB lowered. The expression of HWP1, ALS3, CSHl, SUN41 were downregulated by 5.12, 4.26, 3.2 and 2.74 folds, and CaPDE2 was upregulated by 2.38 fold.

CONCLUSIONBAEB could inhibit yeast-to-hyphae transition of C. albicans isolates from VVC in alkaline pH.

Antifungal Agents ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Candida albicans ; drug effects ; genetics ; growth & development ; Candidiasis, Vulvovaginal ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hyphae ; drug effects ; growth & development

Objective:To find the best synthesis method of 6-benzyl-1-[ ( benzyloxy ) methyl ]-3-hydro-xy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione e for observing the change of its biological activity after N-3 hydroxylation .Methods:After trying some N-hydroxylation methods , the target compound was successfully synthesized via one-pot oxidizing process by sodium hydride ( NaH) and 3-chloroperbenzoic acid( m-CPBA);the anti-HIV reverse transcriptase ( RT) activity and integrase ( IN) activity of the tar-get compound was assayed via enzyme-linked immunesorbent assay ( ELISA) and phosphorylation of DNA package method .Results:The target compound could be obtained through the improved m-CPBA oxida-tive method by only one step , and the yield of the reaction could reach 60%-70%.And the structure of this compound was identified by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR and MS;The activity result showed it added the an-ti-HIV IN activity after N-3 hydroxylation as well as retained the anti-HIV RT activity.Conclusion:The improved m-CPBA oxidative method is a convenient and efficient way to prepare the compound 6-benzyl-1-[(benzyloxy)methyl]-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione e which has both anti-HIV RT and IN activity .

The purpose of this study is to investigate the activity and mechanism of a new anti-tumor agent T03. MTT and colony formation assay were performed to determine anti-proliferation activity of T03 in vitro. Antitumor activity was observed by Renca xenograft model in vivo. The effect of T03 on cell cycle and apoptosis were measured by FCM analysis. Western blotting was performed to investigate the expression level of proteins in HepG2 cell lines treated with T03. T03 had anti-tumor activity by inhibiting tumor cell growth and colony formation in vitro, especially on hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HCC). At the concentration of 10 micromol x L(-1), T03 induced cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in HCC. Moreover, it proved that T03 reduced the tumor weight with the rate of 42.30% without any obviously side effect in Renca xenograft model. At the concentration of 2.0 micromol x L(-1), T03 was able to reduce the level of p-c-Raf (Ser259), and thus blocked Raf/MEK/ERK and AKT signaling in HepG2 cell lines. The result suggested that T03 has the potential to inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, particularly active against HCC, indicating T03 and its analogues may serve as a new anti-cancer drug against hepatocellular carcinoma.