Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the sedative potency of propofol through investigating the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the half-effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50 )of propofol required for loss of consciousness in patients. Methods Fifty male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 25-60 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, scheduled for elective surgery, were divided into 2 groups according to the history of chronic alcoholic intake ( n = 25 each): control group (alcoholic intake per day ＜ 25 g) and chronic alcoholic group (alcoholic intake per day＞45 g, lasting for 2 yr or more). The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI)were determined by up-and-down sequential method. The initial target effect-site concentration was 2 μg/nl in chronic alcoholic group and 1.5μg/ml in control group, and the ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.05. Loss of consciousness was defined as loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation. Results The EC50 of propofol that produced loss of consciousness was 3.92 (95 % CI 3.56-4.63 ) μg/ml in chronic alcoholic group and 2.73 (95%CI 2.26-3.31)μg/ml in control group. The EC50 of propofol was significantly higher in chronic alcoholic group than in control group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Chronic alcohol intake can increase the EC50 of propofol required to induce loss of consciousness and reduce sedative potency in patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of oxcarbazepine(OXC) on the children with partial epilepsy.Met-hods Sixty-four children with partial epilepsy were divided into 2 groups.Forty-one newly diagnosed patients who had never accepted standard therapy entered monotherapy group,and 23 patients who had many anti-epileptic drug(AEDs) in turn with poor efficacy served as add-on therapy group.The initial dose was 4-8 mg/(kg?d).The dosage was increased by one time every 2 weeks,and should not exceed 10 mg/(kg?d) in each time.The maintenance dose was 28-40 mg/(kg?d).With open-label autocontrol method,the efficacy and adverse events of OXC were analyzed during the first 6 months of treatment both in 2 groups.Results The effective rates were 85.4%,69.6% and 79.7%,in monotherapy,add-on therapy and total groups.The seizure free rates were 53.7%,17.4% and 40.6%.It showed that the seizure frequencies between 2 groups at 6 months after therapy were significantly difference(P0.05).The common adverse events were dizziness,headache,fatigue and nausea.Six patients had dropped out because of rashes,however,they all recovered after drug withdrawal and nonspecific therapy.Conclusion The efficacy of OXC is sustained with good safety and tolerability profiles on the treatment of children patients with partial epilepsy.

China ; Dental Prosthesis ; Humans ; Tooth Loss ; surgery

Objective: To establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for determining the concentration of amlodipine besylate in human plasma and to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of amlodipine besylate tablets. Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled into a single crossover study. A single dose of the suspension equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine besylate or a reference preparation was given in a crossover way. The plasma concentrations of amlodipine besylate were determined by LC-MS method in the volunteers at different time points; the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated and the bioequivalence of the 2 preparations were evaluated. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for experimental and the reference preparations were: Cmax (6.21±1.88) vs (6.03±1.08) ng/ml; AUC0-120 (250.68±52.61) vs (246.14±52.11) ng h/ml; Tmax (6.0±2.3) vs (6.1±2.5) h; t1/2 (40.45±6.68) vs (43.74± 9.05) h, respectively. The linear range of the present method was 0.1-20.0 ng/ml; the lowest detectable concentration of amlodipine besylate was 0.1 ng/ ml. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 tablets. Conclusion: The present method is simple to use, fast, and accurate. The 2 preparations of amlodipine besylate are bioequivalent.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection with sodium hyaluronate (SH) on osteoarthritis of the ankle.Methods25 patients with osteoarthritis of the ankles (36 ankles) were treated with SH intra-articular injection 2 ml every week for 5 weeks. The degree of pain, swelling and functional disturbance of the ankles were observed to evaluate the effect.ResultsAfter treatment, the degree of pain, swelling and functional disturbance of the ankles improved (P<0.05～0.01). The total efficiency rate was 91.61%.ConclusionSodium hyaluronate injected intra-articular is an effective, ideal and safe treatment for osteoarthritis of the ankle.

Absorption ; Ammonia ; chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Materials Testing ; Silica Gel ; chemistry

Objective To observe the effect of scalp needling at different time points on focal cerebral microcirculation in rats with focal ischemia and reperfusion ( I-R). Methods One hundred SD rats were randomized into normal group, sham operation group, model group and scalp needling group. The model group and scalp needling group were divided I-R 12, 24, 48 and 72 h subgroups according to the time of ischemia and reperfusion, 10 rats in each subgroup. The normal group had no oper ation, sham operation only had the operation for vessel isolation, and model group and scalp needling group received middle cerebral artery occlusion with thread. Scalp needling group also had electro-acupuncture on scalp points along vertex and temple anterior linea oblique and posterior linea oblique. And then we observed the neurological severity scores (NSS) and detected the cerebral blood flow ( CBF) in the focal ischemic brain with laser Doppler blood stream meter before I-R and 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after I-R. Immunofluorescence method was used for counting the focal ischemic cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, and then the correlation of cerebral microvascular endothelial cells count with the cerebral blood flow volume was evaluated with Pearson correlation analysis. Results NSS in scalp needling group was lower than that in the model group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Before I-R, the difference of CBF among the three groups was insignificant ( P>0.05). Except for reperfusion for 24 hours, CBF in scalp needling group was higher than that in the model group at different time points ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Microvascular endothelial cells count in scalp needling group was higher than that in the model group after reperfusion for 24, 48 and 72 hours ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). In the model group and scalp needling group, cerebral blood flow volume was positively correlated with microvascular endothelial cells count. Conclusion Scalp needling shows obvious effect on improving the microcirculation, increasing CBF and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells count, and promoting the recovery of ischemic tissues of rats after I-R.

BACKGROUND:Research on hand braces is relatively backward, which is difficult to be promoted widely. Zone II extensor tendon has a complex structure, and poor recovery is commonly seen after injury. The main treatment for zone II extensor tendon injury is the fixation with plaster slab, plywood and polymer materials, and up to now, there is no ideal brace for zone II extensor tendon injury.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect of home-made multi-function hand brace on the repair of zone II extensor tendon injury.
METHODS:Seventy-six patients with zone II extensor tendon injury were randomly divided into test group and control group, with 38 in each group. In the test group, patients were given appropriate rehabilitation education and multi-function hand brace based apart from conventional hand surgery on zone II extensor tendon; in the control group, patients underwent conventional hand surgery and guiding functional training. Total active motion of the extensor tendons of fingers were evaluated at 1, 2, 3 months after treatment; and the manual dexterity and fine motor of the hand were assessed at 2 and 3 months after treatment.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The difference in the total active motion of extensor tendons of fingers was of great significance between the two groups at 1, 2, 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). The Minnesota manual dexterity and fine motor of the hand also showed significant differences between the two groups at 2 and 3 months after treatment (P < 0.05). Patient’s cost-effectiveness analysis results showed that the total cost of the two groups had no statistical significance (P> 0.05), but less cost was used for one point increase in the above-mentioned three functional scores of the test group than the control group (P < 0.05), indicating the implementation of cost-effective treatment. This home-made brace can prevent adhesions and anchylosis during the postoperative auxiliary exercise; meanwhile, it can improve the range of motion, flexibility and fine motor ability of the hand and has a higher cost performance in the postoperative adjuvant exercise therapy of zone II extensor tendon injury.

Objective To evaluate the effect of low dose fentanyl on target plasma concentration (CP) of propofol (P) given by target controlled infusion (TCI) required to prevent response to proseal laryngeal mask insertion in 50% of patients (EC50). Methods Forty-six ASA Ⅰor Ⅱ patients aged 20-50 yr with body mass index ≤ 30 kg/m2 undergoing elective gynecological laparoscopy were randomly divided into 2 groups (n=23each):propofol group (P) and propofol-fentanyl group (PF). Anesthesia was induced with TCI of propofol. The initial Cp of propofol TCI was set at 2.5 μg/ml in group PF and 4 μg/ml in group P. Following equilibration between plasma and effect site concentration of propofol, fentanyl 1 μg/kg (in group PF) or normal saline (in group P) was injected iv. Laryngeal mask airway (LMA) was inserted at 3.5 min after fentanyl administration. EC50 was determined by up-and-down sequential trial. The ratio of Cp between the two consecutive patients was 1.2 in group P and 1.1 in group PF. LMA insertion response was defined as nausea, bucking and/or body movement during insertion. "Probit method was used to calculate the Echo and 95 % confidence interval required to prevent LMA insertion response. Results The EC50 and 95 % confidence interval of propofol given by TCI required to prevent LMA insertion response was 4.68 (4.20-5.21)μg/ml in group P and 2.63 (2.45-2.83) μg/ml in group PF. There was significant difference between the 2 groups. Conclusion Fentanyl 1 μg/kg iv can significantly reduce the Cp of propofol TCI required to prevent LMA insertion response.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)in treating common bile duct stone or strictive papillitis,and then analyze possible related risk factors for long-term complications after EST.Methods We made a retrospective study of 103 out of 158 patients who had EST from January 2005 to December 2006.Results In the 103 patients,there were 13 cases of long-term complications(≥3 m after EST),the incident rate being 12.6%:recurrent calculus of common bile duct in 8 cases,combined cholangitis in 6;cholangitis in 1;acute calculus cholecystitis in 2;residual calculus in 1 case;chronic pancreatitis in 1 case.Conclusion Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is an effective and safe way to treat biliary tract obstruction.Preoperative jaundice may be the risk factor inducing long-term complications after EST.