Objective To evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the sedative potency of propofol through investigating the effect of chronic alcohol intake on the half-effective target effect-site concentration ( EC50 )of propofol required for loss of consciousness in patients. Methods Fifty male ASA Ⅰ or Ⅱ patients, aged 25-60 yr, weighing 50-80 kg, scheduled for elective surgery, were divided into 2 groups according to the history of chronic alcoholic intake ( n = 25 each): control group (alcoholic intake per day ＜ 25 g) and chronic alcoholic group (alcoholic intake per day＞45 g, lasting for 2 yr or more). The EC50 and 95% confidence interval (CI)were determined by up-and-down sequential method. The initial target effect-site concentration was 2 μg/nl in chronic alcoholic group and 1.5μg/ml in control group, and the ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.05. Loss of consciousness was defined as loss of response to verbal command and eyelash stimulation. Results The EC50 of propofol that produced loss of consciousness was 3.92 (95 % CI 3.56-4.63 ) μg/ml in chronic alcoholic group and 2.73 (95%CI 2.26-3.31)μg/ml in control group. The EC50 of propofol was significantly higher in chronic alcoholic group than in control group ( P ＜ 0.05). Conclusion Chronic alcohol intake can increase the EC50 of propofol required to induce loss of consciousness and reduce sedative potency in patients.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and adverse events of oxcarbazepine(OXC) on the children with partial epilepsy.Met-hods Sixty-four children with partial epilepsy were divided into 2 groups.Forty-one newly diagnosed patients who had never accepted standard therapy entered monotherapy group,and 23 patients who had many anti-epileptic drug(AEDs) in turn with poor efficacy served as add-on therapy group.The initial dose was 4-8 mg/(kg?d).The dosage was increased by one time every 2 weeks,and should not exceed 10 mg/(kg?d) in each time.The maintenance dose was 28-40 mg/(kg?d).With open-label autocontrol method,the efficacy and adverse events of OXC were analyzed during the first 6 months of treatment both in 2 groups.Results The effective rates were 85.4%,69.6% and 79.7%,in monotherapy,add-on therapy and total groups.The seizure free rates were 53.7%,17.4% and 40.6%.It showed that the seizure frequencies between 2 groups at 6 months after therapy were significantly difference(P0.05).The common adverse events were dizziness,headache,fatigue and nausea.Six patients had dropped out because of rashes,however,they all recovered after drug withdrawal and nonspecific therapy.Conclusion The efficacy of OXC is sustained with good safety and tolerability profiles on the treatment of children patients with partial epilepsy.

China ; Dental Prosthesis ; Humans ; Tooth Loss ; surgery

Objective: To establish a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method for determining the concentration of amlodipine besylate in human plasma and to evaluate the bioequivalence of 2 kinds of amlodipine besylate tablets. Methods: Twenty healthy male volunteers were enrolled into a single crossover study. A single dose of the suspension equivalent to 10 mg amlodipine besylate or a reference preparation was given in a crossover way. The plasma concentrations of amlodipine besylate were determined by LC-MS method in the volunteers at different time points; the pharmacokinetic parameters and relative bioavailability were calculated and the bioequivalence of the 2 preparations were evaluated. Results: The pharmacokinetic parameters for experimental and the reference preparations were: Cmax (6.21±1.88) vs (6.03±1.08) ng/ml; AUC0-120 (250.68±52.61) vs (246.14±52.11) ng h/ml; Tmax (6.0±2.3) vs (6.1±2.5) h; t1/2 (40.45±6.68) vs (43.74± 9.05) h, respectively. The linear range of the present method was 0.1-20.0 ng/ml; the lowest detectable concentration of amlodipine besylate was 0.1 ng/ ml. There was no significant difference in pharmacokinetic parameters between the 2 tablets. Conclusion: The present method is simple to use, fast, and accurate. The 2 preparations of amlodipine besylate are bioequivalent.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical therapeutic effect of intra-articular injection with sodium hyaluronate (SH) on osteoarthritis of the ankle.Methods25 patients with osteoarthritis of the ankles (36 ankles) were treated with SH intra-articular injection 2 ml every week for 5 weeks. The degree of pain, swelling and functional disturbance of the ankles were observed to evaluate the effect.ResultsAfter treatment, the degree of pain, swelling and functional disturbance of the ankles improved (P<0.05～0.01). The total efficiency rate was 91.61%.ConclusionSodium hyaluronate injected intra-articular is an effective, ideal and safe treatment for osteoarthritis of the ankle.

Absorption ; Ammonia ; chemistry ; Environmental Monitoring ; methods ; Materials Testing ; Silica Gel ; chemistry

Based on the associated theory of spleen-kidney deficiency about the traditional Chinese medicine and experimental research to discuss myasthenia gravis treated by integrative medicine.According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,the mechanism of myasthenia gravis is Qi deficiency of the spleen-stomach.Experimental studies showed supplementing spleen and kidney can improve ATP,muscle glycogen,fat content,other molecular biology material foundations,skeletal muscle cells under hypoxia and mitochondrial structure of animal models and patients,and therefore treat the deficiency of both spleen and kidney.

Current cancer therapies, including chemotherapies and radiotherapies, can induce toxic side effects to normal tissues with low specificity to cancer cells and usually have limited efficacy as results of drug resistance. Phototherapies kill cancer cells under irradiation of light, preferably near-infrared light with high tissue penetration, and would normally show little toxic effect in the dark. Over the past decade, nanomaterial-based phototherapies have made tremendous progress worldwide. These therapies show remarkable results against cancer in many preclinical studies. This study reviews the recent achievements in the use of functional nanomaterials for photothermal therapy, photodynamic therapy, and photo-controlled therapeutic platforms and discusses future prospects and challenges in this field.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)in treating common bile duct stone or strictive papillitis,and then analyze possible related risk factors for long-term complications after EST.Methods We made a retrospective study of 103 out of 158 patients who had EST from January 2005 to December 2006.Results In the 103 patients,there were 13 cases of long-term complications(≥3 m after EST),the incident rate being 12.6%:recurrent calculus of common bile duct in 8 cases,combined cholangitis in 6;cholangitis in 1;acute calculus cholecystitis in 2;residual calculus in 1 case;chronic pancreatitis in 1 case.Conclusion Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is an effective and safe way to treat biliary tract obstruction.Preoperative jaundice may be the risk factor inducing long-term complications after EST.

Objective To investigate the polymorphism of seventeen Y chromosomal short tandem repeat(STR) loci in Dong,Miao and Zhuang nationality in Guangxi,China.Then to evaluate their forensic application.MethodsDNA was extracted from oral swab of minority population with magnetic beads method and then seventeen Y-STR loci were amplified with AmpFlSTR○R YfilerTM PCR Amplification Kit System.The PCR products were detected with 3l30XL Genetic Analyzer.The allele frequencies,diversity and genetic distance were calculated.Results The information of allele distribution and gene diversity of the 17 Y-STR loci were obtained from three minority population.Total 275 haplotypes were found in three minority population.The haplotype diversity of Dong nationality is 0.9972,Miao is 0.9966,Zhuang is 0.9964.The genetic distance between Dong and Miao nationality is most close.Conclusion The haplotype diversity of 17 Y-STR loci is quite sensitive in racial identification,paternity identification and human population genetics.