In this study, based on its enhancement effect on resonance light scattering (RLS) of fluorosurfactant (FSN)-capped gold nanoparticles (GNPs), we reported a simple approach for the rapid sensing of captopril. Under optimum conditions, the lowest detectable concentration of captopril through this approach (S/N=3) was 0.01μg/mL. The calibration curve was linear over the range of 0.08-4.0μg/mL for the detection of captopril. The recoveries of captopril were found to fall in the range between 99% and 100%. We have validated the applicability of our method through the analyses of captopril in pharmaceutical formulations. Good agreements were obtained for the determination of captopril between the present approach and official method.

The powder X-ray diffraction Fourier fingerprint pattern technique was used to develop a new quantitation method for the analysis of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide. And the high performance liquid chromatography method was used to evaluate the quantity of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide. The relationship of diffraction peak intensity and content of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide was investigated. The powder X-ray diffraction Fourier fingerprint pattern analysis technique can be used to evaluate the quantity of andrographolide and dehydroandrographolide in the herb simultaneously.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical and pathological features of Hainan patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital.Methods A total of 239 clinical cases of Hainan patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital from 2006 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The number of thyroid carcinoma cases between 2006 to 2008 was stable.But the cases in 2009 were 72.97％ higher than that in 2008.Female' s peak of onset age was 25 to 55 years and male was 20 to 55 years.The cases of Hant were 231 (96.65％) and the national minority were 8(3.35％ ).So ethnic composition ratio between cases and local population has a very significant difference (x2 =21.376,P ＜0.01 ).The eastern and western regions had 175 cases and 64 cases respectively,138 (78.86％) and 34(46.88％ ) cases from city respectively.Urban and rural ratio between eastern and western areas had a significant difference (x2 =4.420,P ＜ 0.05 ).The 239 cases were composed of 228 cases (95.4％) of papilarry thyroid carcinoma,7 cases (2.92％) of medullary thyroid carcinoma,both 2 cases (0.84％) of follicular thyroid carcinoma and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma.Conclusions The incidence of Hainan nationality patients with thyroid carcinoma treated in Hainan Provincial People' s Hospital has increased from 2006 to 2010,with younger trend and regional difference.Thyroid carcinoma has a difference in race and region.The rank of the rate of pathological type is papillary thyroid carcinoma,medullary thyroid carcinoma,follicular thyroid carcinoma,undifferentated thyroid carcinoma in order.

The common therapy of colorectal cancer is FOLFOX scheme,which contains flurouracil,leucovorin and oxaliplatin.Numerous clinical trials have demonstrated that bevacizumab combined with FOLFOX scheme in cancer's therapy is safe and effective.But the adverse reactions including hypertension,neurovirulence,gastrointestinal bleeding and perforation are raised up.Scholars have carried out a series of studies for the overall survival times,tumor response rates and survival qualities for the patients with metastatic colorectal cancer which using the joint scheme,but they draw different conclusions the usefulness and safety of the joint scheme still need more RCT and meta-ananlysis to be proved.

Objective To observe the incidence of RP in NSCLC and esophageal carcinoma treated with 3DCRT and investigate the relationship between acute RP and lung function and dosimetric parameters.Methods From October 2006 to August 2008, 3DCRT plus concurrent chemotherapy of NP or LFP were applied to 64 patients with locally advanced NSCLC or esophageal carcinoma. twenty-three patients suffered form NSCLC and 41 patients from esophageal carcinoma, the prescription doses were 60 Gy/30fx and 58 -64 Gy/29 -32fx, respectively. Results For patients with esophageal carcinoma, 34% developed RP(9 grade 1,3 grade 2 and 2 grade 3). For patients with NSCLC, 96% developed RP(9 grade 1, 8 grade 2 and 5 grade 3). There was significant difference between the two groups(t =5. 55,P=0. 000). The FEV1.0/FVC and DLCO of patients with NSCLC were significantly lower than those of esophageal carcinoma, the ratio were 75.6%:82.7%(t=2.75,P=0.008)and 71.7%:81.0%(t=2.50, P=0.015),respectively. For patients whose FEV1.0, FEV1.0/FVC%, DLCO ＜80% and ≥80% before irradiation,the incidence of ≥2grade ARP were 35% vs 25% ,31% vs 26% and 35% vs 19%, respectively(x2 = 1.81,0.15,2. 13,P =0.179,0.697,0.144). While for patients whose FEV1.0 ＜ 70% and ≥70%, the incidence of severe ARP were 67% and 22% ,respectively(x2 =5.64, P =0.018). Spearman correlated analysis indicated that all the dosimetric parameters had relation with ≥ 2 grade ARP . The V20 of lung and MLD were found independently associated with RP according to multivariate analysis(x2 = 4.61,6.97, P = 0.032,0.008).Conclusions Parameters of basic lung function can predict the incidence of ≥2 grade RP to some extent,especially when the value of FEV1.0, FEV1.0/FVC%, and DLCO was lower. However, the V20 of lung and MLD may be the most valuable predictors.

Objective To investigate the result and side effect of late course accelerated three-di-mensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT) for esophageal carcinoma. Methods From July 2003 to March 2006, 55 patients with esophageal carcinoma receiving 3DCRT were randomly divided into late course accel-erated radiation group (group A, 27 patients) and conventional fractionation group (group B, 28 patients). The prescribed dose in group B was 64 -66 Gy, 2 Gy per fraction, 1 fraction per day, 5 fractions per week for about 6.5 weeks. Patients in group A received conventional fractionation irradiation for the first 4 weeks. Then the dose was increased to 3 Gy per fraction to a total dose of 67 -70 Gy. The treatment course in group A was about 6 weeks. The treatment response, acute site effects, 1-, 3-and 5-year local control rates and o-verall survival rates of the two groups were observed. Results In group A, 23 patients (85%) achievedcomplete response (CR) and 4(15%) achieved partial response (PR). While in group B, 16 patients (57%) achieved CR and 12(43%) achieved PR. The CR rate was significant higher in group A (χ~2 = 5.24,P=0.022). The 1-, 3-, 5-year local control rates were 85%, 54%, 54% in group A, and 70%, 56%, 33 % in group B (χ~2 = 0.68, P = 0.409), respectively. The 1 -,3-,5-year overall survival rates of the two groups were 81%, 37%, 29% and 61%, 39%, 23% (χ~2 = 0.06, P = O. 804), respectively. Both lo-cal control and overall survival were similar between the two groups. The incidences of acute radiation esoph-agitis in the two groups were similar (85% vs. 89% ;χ~2 =0. 00,P=0. 959), and the incidence of radiation pneumonitis was slightly higher in group A than in group B (67% vs 43% ;χ~2 =3.14,P =0.076). By the last follow up, 19 patients in group A and 21 in group B died. Among them, 10 in group A and 15 in group B died of local failure, while 7 in group A and 5 in group B died of metastasis. Conclusions When com-pared with conventional fractionation 3DCRT, late course accelerated 3DCRT for esophageal carcinoma can achieve better results in clinical response, though not in long-term local control or survival. The incidence of acute radiation esophagitis and pneumonitis is clinically acceptable.

Objective To establish an early diagnostic test for tuberculous meningitis (TBM) with good sensitivity and specificity. Methods Twenty-five patients with a clinical diagnosis of TBM and 49 controls, including 27 patients with other infectious diseases of central nervous system and 22 patients with noninfectious neurological diseases, were enrolled in our research. We simultaneously detected antimycobacterium bovis BCG IgG secreting cells in both cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) and peripheral blood (PBL)by enzyme linked immunospot assay(ELISPOT),repeated insertion sequence IS6110 specific for mycobacterium tuberculosis in CSF by PCR and anti-BCG IgG titre in both CSF and PBL by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Results The sensitivity of ELISPOT was 84.0%,much higher than that of PCR(75.0%)and ELISA(52.3%).The specificities of the three tests were 91.8%,93.7%and 91.8%respectively.The numbers of CSF cells secreting anti-BCG IgG tested by ELISPOT were even higher in the early phase of TBM, but declined along with the disease progressing(t=-3.183,P=0.008),which allowed an early diagnosis to be made. Conclusion ELISPOT technique is proved to be the most valuable test for the early diagnosis of TBM.

Objective To analyze the bacterial distribution and resistance in upper urinary tract stone patients, then choose suitable antibiotics and reduce infectious complications accordingly.Methods Middle flow urine, infectious stone and the end of kidney drainage tube were taken for culture in 148 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy between January 2009 to September 2010. Antibiotics were used according to the culture results and the complications secondary to infection were analyzed. Results Urinary pathogens presented in 38 (25.7%) patients before operation.There were 112 strains of bacteria. The predominant strains included: Escherichia coli (17 cases,11.5%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4 cases) and Proteus mirabillis (4 cases). Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabillis were common in stone culture. Staphylococcus epidermidis (5 cases),Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5 cases) and Staphylococcus haemolytcus (5 cases) were found in renal drainage tube culture which were positive in 25 patients. Imipenem, cefepime, vacomycin, nitrofurinton were sensitive and commonly used antibiotics. Forty-one patients (27.7 %) had fever postoperatively, including 10 positive for middle urine culture and 9 positive for drainage tube culture. One infective shock was diagnosed postoperatively. Conclusions Gram-negative bacilli are predominant in the upper urinary tract stone patients preoperatively. Gram-positive ones are common postoperatively.Suitable antibiotics, based on middle flow urine culture, could reduce urinary infective complications.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of milk and milk products on morphological structure and epidermal growth factor (EGF) of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) induced small intestinal damage in animals.Methods Eighty male SD rats were randomly divided into 5 groups:control group,diclofenac group,diclofenac with 10% low fat milk group,diclofenac with 10% colostrum group and diclofenac with yoghurt group.The animals with milk or colostrum or yoghurt were fed for 5 days before the administration of diclofenac with 15 mg/kg by gavage,once.Then they were observed the scores of anatomical lesion and the scores of tissue damage of mucous membrane and the height of villous at the 24th and 48th hour after making the models.Observation of the change of ultrastructural organization of mucous membrane was carried out with transmission and scanning electron microscope and immunohistocbemistry of EGF.Results The scores of anatomical lesion and tissue damage of mucous membrane of the colostrum group were lower than those of the diclofenac group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The heights of the pile on small intestine of the24th and 48th hour of the colostrum group were (145.7 ± 16.5) μm and (139.2 ± 19.0) μm,respectively.They were higher than those of the diclofenac group[( 119.2 ± 19.2 ) μm and ( 105.4 ± 18.4 )μm,P ＜ 0.05].However there was no difference of the scores and the height among diclofenac group,milk group and yoghurt group.TEM and SEM of tissues showed that the cytoplasmic membrane and other cellular components of villous epithelial cells were well preserved in colostrum group,and the microvilli in the milk group and yoghurt group were ablated more obviously.The positive area of EGF of small intestine [(6170.5 ± 1483.9) μm2]were higher 48 h after administration of diclofenac compared with the diclofenac group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The expression of EGF in milk and yoghurt group were no significant statistical difference with the diclofenac group.ConclusionBovine colostrum may have a beneficial effect in prevention of NSAIDs induced small intestinal injuries and preserve mechanical barrier of small intestinal mucosa which is probably relative to EGF.

Objective To explore a new method for one-stage repair of the intestinal leakage based on the principle of magnetic compression anastomosis. Methods Twenty-four dogs were randomly divided into experimental group (n = 12) and control group (n = 12) according to random number table. The model of upper and multiple intestinal leakages was established by making transverse incisions of 1 cm in length on the jejunum wall about 50 cm and 100 cm away from the Treitz ligament. Forty-eight hours later, two NdFeB magnetic rings with the magnetic flux of 2500 G were put into the intestine from the leak sites. The leak sites were pressed between the two rings. The ventages in the control group were sutured. The condition of the dogs was observed after the repair of the leakage. The excreting time was recorded, and the leakage pressures of the anastomotic stoma were detected.The positions of the magnetic rings in the experimental group were detected by X ray. Tissues of the anastomotic stoma were processed by hematoxylin eosin and Masson staining. All data were analyzed using the two-sample t test. Results Severe abdominal infection occurred 48 hours after the establishment of the model. All the intestinal leakages in the experimental group were successfully repaired and the dogs survived for a long time. The magnetic rings were excreted six or seven days after the repair. Eight dogs of the control group survived. The leakage pressure of the anastomotic stoma seven days after the repair was (134 ±23)mm Hg (1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa) in the experimental group and (91 ± 18)mm Hg in the control group, respectively, with a significant difference between the two groups (t = 3.225, P ＜ 0.05). The leakage pressure of the anastomotic stoma 14 days after the repair was (281 ±7)mm Hg in the experimental group and (271 ±21) mm Hg in the control group, respectively, with no significant difference between the two groups (t =0. 988, P ＞ 0.05). Histological observation showed that after the magnetic compression anastomosis, the intestinal muscle and mucosa recovered well, inflammatory reaction was slight and less collagen fiber and scar was formed. Conclusions Application of magnetic ring with the magnetic flux of 2500 G in one-stage repair of the intestinal leakage in the state of severe abdominal infection is safe and reliable.