Acoustic Stimulation ; Animals ; Auditory Perception ; physiology ; Behavior, Animal ; physiology ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Rabbits ; Sound ; Swine

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane on the expression of calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in the myocardium of rats with high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).Methods Thirty healthy male Wistar rats, weighing 250-300 g, were randomly divided into 3 groups using a random number table: sham operation group (group S, n = 6) , SCI group (n =12) and sevoflurane group (group Sev).SCI was induced in anesthetized rats by dropping a l0-g weight onto C7 spinal cord from 5.0 cm height falling freely inside a vertical hollow glass tube.Group SCI inhaled 2 L/min pure oxygen for 30 min, and group Sev inhaled 2％ sevoflurane for 30 min starting from 30 min after SCI.At 12 and 24 h after SCI (T1,2) , 6 rats were selected randomly, and blood samples from the abdominal aorta were drawn for determination of serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed, and myocardial specimens were obtained for determination of CaSR protein and mRNA expression (using fluorescent quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction or Western blot) and for examination of myocardial ultrastructure (with transmission electron microscope).Results Compared with group S, the serum cTnI concentrations and CaSR protein and mRNA expression were significantly increased at T1,2 in SCI and Sev groups.Compared with group SCI, the serum cTnI concentrations and CaSR protein and mRNA expression were significantly decreased at T1,2 in Sev group.The damage to myocardial cells was significantly reduced in group SCI compared with group Sev.Conclusion Sevoflurane reduces myocardial damage through inhibiting CaSR expression in the myocardium of rats with high-level SCI.

Objective To provide the basis for determining the suitable collecting time of safflower. Methods To measure the contents of saflor yellow-A in safflower crude drug from different collecting time in one day by HPLC. Results Only saflor yellow-A has big change. By experimental analyzing samples of different year and region, A bright time collecting in the flok, the content of saflor yellow-A in medicine assured higher. Conclusion A bright time collecting has some scientific basis.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of myocardial calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in a rat model of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsEighteen healthy male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 2 groups:sham operation group(group S,n ＝6) and SCI group(n ＝ 12).SCI model was induced by dropping a 10 g weight onto spinal cord (C7) in freely vertical falling along the hollow glass tube from 5 cm height.The blood samples were taken 12 and 24 h after SCI in group SCI and 12 h after SCI in group S,and serum activity of creatine kinase(CK) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinsse(CK-MB) were measured.Then myocardium specimens were obtained for uhrastructure examination and determination of CaSR mRNA and protien expression by fluorescence quantitative RCR and Western blot.Results Serum activities of CK and CK-MB and CaSR mRNA and protein expression were higher in group SCI than in group S.Serum activity of CK and CaSR mRNA expression were higher,and serum activity of CK-MB was lower at 24 h after SCI than that at 12 h after SCI.There was no significantly difference in CaSR protein expression between the two time points in group SCI.The ultrastructure examination showed that myocardial injury was found in group SCI.ConclusionThe expression of CaSR is up-regulated after SCI in rats,which might be the mechanism of myocardial injury after SCI.

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1(HIV-1)can interact with and exploit the host cellular machinery to replicate and propagate itself.Numerous studies have shown that the Mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signal pathway can positively regulate the replication of HIV-1,but exactly how each MAPK pathway affects HIV-1 infection and replication is not understood.In this study,we used the Extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)pathway inhibitor,PD98059,the Jun N-terminal kinase(JNK)pathway inhibitor,SP600125,and the p38 pathway inhibitor,SB203580,to investigate the roles of these pathways in HIV-1replication.We found that application of PD98059 results in a strong VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1NL4-3 luciferase reporter virus and HIV-1NL4-3 virus inhibition activity.In addition,SB203580 and SP600125 also elicited marked VSV-G pseudotyped HIV-1NL4-3 luciferase reporter virus inhibition activity but no HIV-1NL4-3 virus inhibition activity.We also found that SB203580 and SP600125 can enhance the HIV-1 inhibition activity of PD98059when cells were treated with all three MAPK pathway inhibitors in combination.Finally,we show that HIV-1virus inhibition activity of the MAPK pathway inhibitors was the result of the negative regulation of HIV-1 LTR promoter activity.

Combunung wuth fluorescence excutatuon-emussuon matrux ( EEM ) spectra and parallel factor analysus, suze exclusuon chromatography ( SEC ) equupped wuth multu-excutatuon/emussuon scan model fluorescence detector was used for the analysus of the composutuon of dussolved organuc matter ( DOM) usolated from landfull leachates wuth dufferent ages. The analytucal results showed that the two leachate-deruved DOMs both comprused proteun- and humuc-luke substances. However, there were four kunds of proteun-luke matter un young landfull leachates, u. e. , proteun wuth hugh molecular weught, proteun-luke matter bound to humuc-luke substances wuth hugh or low molecular weught, and peptude/amuno acuds. Whule there were only two kunds of proteun-luke matter un old landfull leachates, u. e. , proteun wuth hugh molecular weught and proteun-luke matter bound to humuc-luke substances wuth hugh molecule weught. Compared wuth SEC, EEM spectra coupled wuth parallel factor analysus could udentufy the proteun-luke matter bound wuth humuc-luke substances or those presented as non-humuc-luke substances, though ut could not udentufy the proteun-luke matter presented as proteun and that presented as peptude/ amuno acuds. The experumental results demonstrated that EEM spectra coupled wuth PARAFAC analysus and SEC could be used to characteruze proteun- and humuc-luke matter presented as dufferent specues.

Objective The micro-vascular element plays a key role in the delivery of nutrients and the regulation of hemodynamic behavior, however, research is often hindered by ethical , economic and technological issues .Therefore, construction of a micro-vascular network in vitro will help to study the related pathological and physiological behavior in microvessels.Methods In this study, a micro-vascular element model with features of a micro-vascular network in vivo was designed based on the network structure of retinal arterioles .A micro-vascular network model in vitro, characterized by network asymmetry and the presence of both bifurcation-and side-branches , was developed by soft lithography technology . The developed microdevice allowed for the quantification of the cell -depletion layer ( CDL) thickness and hematocrit ( Ht) distribution within the microchannel networks .Results and Conclusion The study showed the potential of the developed in vitro model in revealing key hemodynamic features which have been detected for microvascular elements in vivo, including the relationships between CDL thickness , Ht and red blood cell distribution .The present study provides a new strategy and a technology for studying hemodynamics and microvascular system diseases in vitro.

This study was aimed to optimize extraction techniques of Compound Rhubarb Enema. Based on the for-mula principle of Compound Rhubarb Enema, effects of the amount of water, soaking time, extraction time and fre-quency on each index were studied. The content of Aloe-emodin, Rhein, Emodin, Chrysophanol, Physcion, Citric acid, and water soluble substance were taken into consideration. The best extraction condition was optimized by using the orthogonal test coupled with the multi-index comprehensive evaluation. The results showed that the best condi-tion was soaking for 10 min, extraction time for 60 min, extraction for 3 times; and 6 times of water was added. It was concluded that this preparation techniques were feasible and reliable for the manufacturing process of Compound Rhubarb Enema.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of bochdalek′s hernia in children, especially to introduce the methods of repairing the defect of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric.Methods The diagnosis, misdiagnosis and methods of repairing of diaphragm in 10 cases of bochdalek′s hernia were retrospectively reviewed, and the findings of reconstruction of diaphragm in 2 cases of defect of diaphragm were analyzed.Results All of the 12 cases were misdiagnosed for the first time. Ten cases were cured through abdominal surgery and 2 cases were cured through reconstruction of diaphragm.Conclusions Bochdalek′s hernias in children are lack of specific clinical manifestation and often misdiagnosed before operation. Early surgical treatment is necessary once the diagnosis is established, and the defect of diaphragm should be reconstructed. The repairment of diaphragm using rib-flap and terylene fabric is a practical methods.

It is well documented that altered biosynthesis of cell surface N-linked oligosaccharides is associated with the transformed cells and tumors.N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Ⅱ(GnT-II;EC 2.4.1.143)is a medial Golgi enzyme that catalyses the incorporation of a GlcNAc residue in ?-1,2 linkage to the Man-?-1,6 arm of the N-glycan core.This is an essential step in the biosynthetic pathway leading from hybrid to complex N-glycans.Because functional GnT-Ⅱ is an prerequisite of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V performance,It was speculated that GnT-Ⅱ was involved in cancer development and progression.The expression of GnT-Ⅱ in mouse breast cancer cells 67NR and 4T1 which have different behavior of metastasis was analysed using RT-PCR.The amounts of GnT-Ⅱ in the highly metastatic cell 4T1 increased to 1.53 times of the lowly metastatic cell 67NR.To determine the association of GnT-Ⅱ with tumor progression,the GnT-Ⅱ encoding gene was amplified with RT-PCR and cloned into retrovirus vector pMSCV,resulting in pMSCV-GnT-Ⅱ.The recombinant plasmid was transfected into 4T1 and the transfected cells were selected in the medium containing puromycin,which were harvested to detect the adhesion ability to fibronection and the migration potential by transwell system.The cell adhesion to fibronectin was weakened by 67% and migration potential was increased by 82%.The data indicates that GnT-Ⅱ mediates cell adhesion and migration,thus may play an important role in cancer metastasis.