Objective To study the relationship between the co‐expression levels of inducible costimulatory molecule (ICOS)and CD28 on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and Behcet’s disease(BD).Methods Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression levels of ICOS and CD28 on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells of BD patients(n=22) ,including those with active BD(ABD ,n= 14)and stable BD(SBD ,n= 8) ,and of normal subjects(n= 22).Results The proportion of CD28+ ICOS+ CD4+ T cells was significantly increased in ABD patients when compared with normal subjects [(34.72 ± 12.87)% vs.(25.36 ± 8.24)% ,P<0.05].No significant difference was found in the proportion of CD28+ ICOS+ CD8+ T cells [(9.32 ± 4.57)% vs.(7.24 ± 3.36)% ,P>0.05]between the two groups.The proportions of CD28-ICOS+ CD4+ T cells and CD28-ICOS+CD8+ T cells were both obviously increased in ABD patients when compared with those in normal subjects[(2.54 ± 1.63)% vs.(0.76 ± 0.25)% for CD28- ICOS+ CD4+ T cells ,P< 0.05;(8.79 ± 3.41)% vs.(3.04 ± 1.25)% for CD28-ICOS+CD8+ T cells ,P<0.05].Conclusion The increased expression level of ICOS on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells is not closely associated with the expression of CD28 to some extent in BD patients ,suggesting that cells expressing only ICOS play an important role in the development of BD.

Genome replication of reovirus occurs in cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called viral factories or viroplasms. The viral nonstructural protein μNS, encoded by genome segment M3, is not a component of mature virions, but is expressed to high levels in infected cells and is concentrated in the infected cell factory matrix. Recent studies have demonstrated that μNS plays a central role in forming the matrix of these structures, as well as in recruiting other components to them for putative roles in genome replication and particle assembly.

AIM: To study the tilt of the intraocular lens (IOL) after Nd:YAG capsulotomy (YAG) and variation of the axial length (AL) in patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO).METHODS: The study involved 18 eyes of 14 patients with PCO after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation.All patients had taken examinations,including testing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by using standard logarithmic visual acuity chart,images of ocular anterior segment and AL by OCT.After the examinations,YAG was operated upon all patients.Each eye received one drop of Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops immediately after YAG,and patients had taken examinations listed above again.One week later,BCVA and OCT were tested as well.Data (BCVA,tilt of IOLs,and AL) were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS.RESULTS: Mean patient age was 73.93±6.94y,including 5 males and 9 females,8 left eyes and 10 right eyes,altogether 14 patients with 18 eyes.In this study,tilt of IOLs was defined as the angle of anterior surface of IOL and pupil plane (briefly called Tilt,unit:°).Before YAG,mean Tilt was 2.896±2.286°,mean AL was 23.56±0.55mm.1h after YAG,mean Tilt was 4.702±2.991°,mean AL was 23.40±0.59mm,and BCVA enhanced 3.72±1.74 lines.1wk after YAG,9 patients with 12 eyes were involved in the study.The mean Tilt of these 12 eyes was 3.175±1.791° 1h after YAG and 3.434±1.835° 1wk after YAG.There were significant differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between AL before YAG and AL 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between Tilt 1h after YAG and Tilt 1wk after YAG.The lines of enhancement of BCVA 1h after YAG was correlated to differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG,of which the correlation coefficient was-0.523.CONCLUSION: IOLs of patients with PCO tilted after YAG,while AL rarely changed.After YAG,the less IOLs tilted,the more BCVA enhanced.

Objective:To explore clinical features of aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD)and normal resting electrocardiogram (ECG).Methods:The data of coronary angiography results and its risk factors were ret-rospectively analyzed in 46 aged CHD patients with normal resting ECG.Results:In the 46 patients,there were 18 cases (39.1%)with single-vessel coronary disease and 28 cases (60.9%)with multi-vessel coronary disease;32 cases with left anterior descending artery disease,22 cases with right coronary artery disease,16 cases with left circumflex coronary artery disease and two cases with left main disease.Compared with single vessel coronary disease group, there were significant rise in percentage of patients complicated with diabetes mellitus (33.3% vs.75.0%)and chronic kidney disease (22.2% vs.53.6%)in multi-vessel coronary disease group,P <0.05 both.Conclusion: Multi-vessel coronary disease is frequent,and percentages of patients complicated with diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease are higher in aged patients with coronary heart disease and normal resting electrocardiogram.

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular

Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic ; Humans

BACKGROUND:Preparation of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite by conventional methods has the deficiency of simple structure, low degree of automation and difficulty in porosity and pore size control, which limits the diverse process and manufacture. OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the feasibility of three-dimensional printing technology for the preparation of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded material molding. METHODS:A CAD model of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite was designed to be the cylinder (diameter 25 mm, height 20 mm), while the titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant designed as a CAD model of the cylinder with 25 mm in diameter asnd 10 mm in height with two layers, the upper layer with titanium powder and the lower layer with titanium/hydroxyapatite powder. The composite and functional y graded implant were processed by the three-dimensional printing and sintered. The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant were observed for their microstructures, and the X-ray diffraction analysis and compressive strength testing were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant had uniform contraction and no obvious distortion. The sintered titanium/hydroxyapatite composite had the aperture size from 50 to 150μm. There occurred a chemical reaction between titanium and hydroxyapatite during the sintering process, obtaining the new creations of Ca3(PO4)2, CaTiO3, TiO2 and CaO. Its compressive strength was (184.3±27.1) MPa. The microstructure of titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant had graded structures with a visible line between the two layers. The results of the microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium/hydroxyapatite composite and titanium/hydroxyapatite functional y graded implant can meet the requirements of medical biological implant materials.

Objective:To develop and characterize the hydrogel microspheres for embolization.Methods:N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl] acrylamide-gelatin microspheres(TGMs)were prepared by an inverse suspension polymerization approach.Effects of materials on size,water absorption rate and elasticity of the microspheres were investigated.The materials which were included consisted of gelatin in the range of 10.0-100.0 g/L,N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide in the range of 33.3-200 g/L,cross-linking agent N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide in the range of 3.3-10.0 g/L,surfactant Span 80 in the range of 0.5-1.8 g/L,and initiator ammonium persulfate in the range of 1.0-5.0 g/L.The appearance of TGMs was observed under microscope.TGMs were analyzed by infrared spectrum(IR).Results:The TGMs were round with smooth surface in view of photograph of microscope.The average diameter of TGMs was increased with the increase of gelatin,monomer or cross-linking agent concentrations but decreased with the increase of surfactant or initiator Concentration.The water adsorption rate of the microspheres was decreased with the increase of gelatin or cross-linking agent concentration but not affected by surfactant concentration.The elasticity of TGMs was increased with the increase of monomer or cross-linking agent concentration,decreased with the increase of gelatin concentration,but not affected by surfactant or initiator concentration.All factors above considered,the final prepared TGMs consisted of 10 g/L gelatin,100.0 g/L monomer,6.7 g/L cross-linking agent,0.9 g/L surfactant,and 3.0 g/L initiator.The average diameter of TGMs obtained was about 700.0 ?m.The water adsorption rate and the elasticity in accordance with the maximum diameter of the microspheres passed through a microcatheter of TGMs were 12.4(g/g),and 1 600.0 ?m,respectively.The results of IR spectra confirmed the polymerization of monomer,resulting in N-[tris(hydroxymethyl)methyl]acrylamide-gelatin microspheres.Conclusion:The developed TGMs seemed to be suitable for clinical embolization according to the surface,average diameter,elastic and hydrophilic property of TGMs.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic sphincterotomy(EST)in treating common bile duct stone or strictive papillitis,and then analyze possible related risk factors for long-term complications after EST.Methods We made a retrospective study of 103 out of 158 patients who had EST from January 2005 to December 2006.Results In the 103 patients,there were 13 cases of long-term complications(≥3 m after EST),the incident rate being 12.6%:recurrent calculus of common bile duct in 8 cases,combined cholangitis in 6;cholangitis in 1;acute calculus cholecystitis in 2;residual calculus in 1 case;chronic pancreatitis in 1 case.Conclusion Endoscopic papillosphincterotomy is an effective and safe way to treat biliary tract obstruction.Preoperative jaundice may be the risk factor inducing long-term complications after EST.