Proteomics can explore the occurrence,development of diseases from the protein level.There is important significance for us to analyse the occurrence and development mechanism of the congenital malformation disease,the diagnosis of early embryo,prevention and intervention of birth defects of the occurrence of diseases using the method of proteomics research.This paper focuses on the latest progress in research of proteomics and its application in screening for congenital malformation diseases.

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is regarded as an important metabolic regulator playing a therapeutic role in diabetes and its complications.Recently, growing evidence showed that heart is a key target as well as a source of FGF21 which is involved in heart development and also induces beneficial effects in cardiovascular diseases.Strong evidences showed that the development of cardiovascular diseases including atherosclerosis, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, myocardial ischemia, cardiac hypertrophy, and diabetic cardiomyopathy is associated with increased serum FGF21 levels which was regarded as a compensatory response to induced cardiac protection.This review tries to illuminate the underlying relationship between FGF21 and cardiovascular diseases and the possible mechanisms.

Objective: This study was designed to analyze the results from ICP and TCD monitoring in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in order to further evaluate the clinical significance of noninvasive ICP monitoring with TCD. Methods:The monitoring and measurements with TCD were performed beside beds on the following day of surgery to record the spectral atlas and parameter of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of suffering side in 32 patients with TBI. The values of ICP were recorded at the same time. The patients were divided into four groups according to ICP. The comparative analyses of results of TCD and ICP monitoring were carried out.Results:(1)Spectral atlas: The spectral atlas of Mild ICP Increase Group showed no visible differences from those of Normal ICP Group.A phenomenon of deepened notch before reaching D peak was found in some cases of Moderate ICP Increase Group while occurrence of single cusp peak and disappearance of S2 peak with decreased diastolic velocity were observed in Severe ICP Increase Group. (2) Parameter of TCD: With the increase of ICP,Vs,Vd and Vm were decreased accordingly with the most significant dropping in Vd while PI and RI were elevated gradually. Conclusion:This study suggests that TCD can be applied to monitor noninvasively ICP and indicate the significant increase of ICP in patients with TBI,but fail to detect mild increase of ICP. Spectral atlas is superior to parameters of TCD in judgment of increased ICP

Objective To observe the expression of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in colon tissues of rats with 2,4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) induced colitis and the relationship between MIF and the severity of the colitis. Methods 24 Spra-gue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal group, model group Ⅰ and model group Ⅱ. Rat colitis model was induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS), and disease activity index (DAI) was calculated every day. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) ac-tivity was detected by biochemistry, the expression of MIF in colon tissue was detected by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptional chain reac-tive (RT-PCR). Results In normal group, DAI, MPO activity and MIF mRNA level were 0.51±0. 28,0. 38±0. 18,0. 11±0. 03, while in model group Ⅰ were 5.04±0.73,1.68±0. 45,0. 65±0.04 and in model group Ⅱ were 8. 13±0.71,2. 70±0. 35,0. 81±0. 05. Com-pared with normal control, the expression of MIF mRNA significantly increased (P<0.05), MPO activity and DAI also significantly in-creased(P<0.05)in model group, especially in model group Ⅱ. Conclusion The expression of MIF increased in experimental colitis, and there was a positive relation between MIF expression and the severity of colitis, which suggested that MIF may be related to the pathogen-esis of TNBS-induced colitis.

Objective To investigates factors affecting the positive rate of blocking antibody treated by paternal lymphocyte immunotherapy in patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA).Methods From January 2008 to August 2012,326 RSA cases undergoing treatment in Infertility Center of Qilu Hospital were studied retrospectively.Those patients were divided into 2 groups randomly:260 cases in intradermal injection group were administered via bilateral forearm intradermal injections for immunotherapy once 21 days,then the blocking antibody was determined after 2 (23 cases),3 (73 cases),4 (74 cases),5(90 cases) times respectively,while in subcutaneous injection group,the 66 cases were administered via subcutaneous injection once 21 days,the blocking antibody measured after 3 times; In both cases,the blocking antibody was all determined 2 weeks later.The positive rate of blocking antibodies and the rate of successful pregnancy was recorded,and then followed up after the blocking antibody turning positive.Results (1)Positive rate of blocking antibodies:the positive rate of blocking antibodies were 17％ (4/23),58％ (42/73),72％ (53/74) and 84％ (76/90) in the 2,3,4,and 5 times of intradermal injection group,respectively (P ＜ 0.05).In subcutaneous injection group,the positive rate of blocking antibodies was 38 ％ (25/66),which was significantly lower than that in group intradermal injection receiving 3 times immunotherapy (P ＜0.05).(2) The rate of pregnancy:the 176 patients out of 200 patients were pregnant when antibody was positive after immunotherapy,with 71.6％ (126/176)of patients gained successful pregnancy(the length of pregnancy more than 5 months).Conclusions The route and frequency of administration of immunotherapy could influence the positive rate of blocking antibody.The rate of successful pregnancy will be increased after blocking antibody turning positive.

Based on the current shortage of genuine/false authentication and quality evaluation in the molecular identification, and the weak functional gene research in the establishment of two-dimensional molecular markering methods for Chinese materia medica, the authors proposed a new method, the bimolecular marking methods (BIMM) for Chinese materia medica, combining DNA marker and metabolomics marker, that could simultaneously research the species and quality differences at the molecular level at the present stage. The authors introduced the concept, principle, methods, and technical process of BIMM, and summarized the technical advantages in this paper. Meanwhile, the application of BIMM in the identification of multiple sources of Chinese materia medica, years-identification, different locations, elite germplasm research, discovery of new drugs resources, protection of new varieties was also discussed. As a supplement of two-dimensional molecular markering method for Chinese materia medica, BIMM would not only expand connotation of identification of Chinese materia medica but also provide another effective way for quality evaluating.
Genetic Markers ; Materia Medica ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

Type 1 diabetes mellitus(T1DM) is a chronic autoimmune disease.Prospective studies carried out in T1 DM pre-diabetic relatives have shown that the process of β-cell degeneration can take place before the disease manifests itself clinically.Scholars have made several breakthroughs in immune therapy for T1 DM.This paper will make a review of the latest progress in the antigen-specific,antibody-based,cell-based,and other immunotherapies of T1DM.

Background:Recently,studies have shown that piperlongumine( PL)selectively killed cancer cells by elevating reactive oxygen species(ROS)in various cancers. However,the effect of PL on gastric cancer cells remained to be further studied. Aims:To investigate the effect of PL on proliferation and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cell line MKN45 and its underlying mechanism. Methods:MKN45 cells were treated with different doses of PL,caspase inhibitor,antioxidant, and their combinations,respectively. Cell viability was assessed by CCK-8 assay;cell cycle,apoptosis and intracellular ROS level were measured by flow cytometry;and Western blotting was employed to determine the expression of apoptosis-related proteins( XIAP,cleaved-caspase3,7,9 and cleaved-PARP),p53 and its downstream target genes( p21, GADD45α and PUMA). Results:PL inhibited the proliferation of MKN45 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. In MKN45 cells treated with PL,the proportion of cells in G1 phase,apoptotic rate and intracellular ROS level were significantly increased,the expression of inhibitor of apoptosis protein XIAP was down-regulated,and the caspase-dependent apoptosis pathway,p53 and its downstream target genes were activated. Pretreatment with antioxidant NAC or Z-VAD-FMK, a general caspase inhibitor could partially abolish the effect of PL on ROS production and its antitumor effect. Conclusions:PL can inhibit cell proliferation and induce cell cycle G1 phase arrest and apoptosis in MKN45 cells. Its antitumor effect may be associated with a ROS-mediated p53 activation and subsequent triggering of caspases cascade of cell apoptosis.

Objective To explore the clinical effect of laparoscopic exploration on incarcerated inguinal hernia.Methods 38 patients with incarcerated inguinal hernia were randomly divided into open operation group (19 cases) and laparoscopic group(19 cases) by using the digital table method.The open operation group used Lichtenstein tension-free repair method.The laparoscopic group used the transabdominal preperitoneal(TAPP) repair method.The hospitalization days,operation time,degree of pain,bleeding loss,postoperative time return to normal activities,postoperative complications and the postoperation recurrence of two groups were compared.Results The hospitalization days,operation time,degree of pain,bleeding loss,postoperative time return to normal activities,incidence rate of complications in the laparoscopic group were (5.11±1.29)d,(43.05±8.10)min,(2.79±1.08)points,(20.42±9.69)mL,(14.11±3.81)d,15.79% respectively,which of the open operation group were (6.79±1.80)d,(48.32±6.82)min,(4.21±1.13)points,(28.42±7.99)mL,(18.26±3.77)d,47.37% respectively,there were significant differences between the two groups in terms of above indicators(t=-3.31,-2.17,-3.95,-2.78,-3.38,x2=4.38,all P<0.05).Conclusion TAPP is a safe and effective operation for incarcerated inguinal hernia treatment,with the advantages of minimal invasion and less complications.