Objective:To establish a method for the determination of 7 residual organic solvents including acetone,2,3 -dimethyl-pentane,3-methylhexane,n-heptane,2,2-dimethylhexane,o-xylene and 2,4,6-trimethylpyridine in Shengxuening tablets. Methods: A headspace gas chromatography method was adopted. The determination was performed on a DB-5MS capillary column ( 30 m × 0. 25 mm,0. 25 μm) with programming temperature. Nitrogen was used as the carrier gas at the flow rate of 2. 5 ml·min-1 . The tem-perature of injector was 200℃,and a flame ionization detector was used as the temperature of 250℃. The containers of headspace in-jector were in equilibrium at 95℃ for 30min. DMF was used as the solvent and an external standard method was used for the determi-nation of the 7 residual solvents. The injection volume was 1 ml. Results:Under the chromatographic conditions, the 7 residual organic solvents could be well separated from each other . The concentration of each solvent showed a good linearity with the peak area within the investigated concentration range (r≥0. 994 4). The average recoveries were 98. 72%-99. 71% (RSD=0. 14%-0. 71%)(n=9). Conclusion:The established method is simple, rapid and sensitive, which can be used for the determination of multiple residual or-ganic solvents in Shengxuening tablets.

Post-operative recurrence and metastasis remain the leading causes of death for patients with gastric cancer. The major determinants of recurrence and metastasis are the biological characteristics of cancer cells and the immunological status of the patients. In recent years, due to the target-specificity, biotherapy has yielded efficacious responses in diverse clinical applications for cancer treatment, partially for the treatment of recurrence and metastasis of gastric cancer. However, because of the high diversities in clinical manifestations, patients' condition, and tumor's characteristics, there is no ideal strategy of biotherapy established for the prevention and treatment of recurrence and metastasis in gastric cancer. Therefore, a lot of work need to be done in basic research and clinical trial to make the biotherapy effective in treatment of gastric cancer recurrence.
Biological Therapy ; Humans ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; Treatment Outcome

Environmental Pollutants ; Humans ; Polychlorinated Biphenyls ; Population Surveillance

Objective To explore the microcosmic mechanism of pingyangmycin treating infantile proliferating capillary hemangiomas so as to find the optimal method for hemangiomas′ treatment.Methods Sixty samples of infantile proliferating hemangiomas were divided into control group(30 cases,aged from 2 days to 6 months) and experimental group(30 cases,aged from 2 to 6 months).Pingyangmycin was made into emulsion and smeared on the surfaces of the leision in experimental group with 3 times every day as well as only matrix in control group.The specimens were resected on d7,then made into pathological slices and electron microscope slices in order to observe the cells microcosmic structure changes and ultrastructure changes.Furthermore,the apoptotic indexes of two groups were detected by the molecular biology method(TUNEL test).Results The number of apoptotic cells were lower in control group(apoptotic index 18.87?13.67)but higher apparently in experimental group(apoptotic index 29.52?15.33).The difference between two groups was significant(t=2.842 P

Objective To investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria,drug sensitivity,and the relationship between drug sensitivity and Escherichia coli(E.coli) induced enzymes in childhood diarrhea in the last 2 years in Chongqing area,so as to provide important evidence for pediatric clinical therapy.Methods Thirty-one E.coli induced enzymes,extended spectrum ?-laetamases(ESBLs),cephalosporinase(AmpC)detected in different phenotype methods,and drug sensitivity was measured in paper strip method,and the specimens were collected from children′s hospital affiliated to chongqing university of medical sciences from Jan.2005 to Dec.2006 were determined.Among the total,there were 18 enteropathogeic E.coli(EPEC) strains,8 enterotoxigenic E.coli(ETEC) strains and 5 enteroinvasive E.coli(EIEC) strains.In addition,drug resistance tests by paper strip included chloramphenicol(CHL),amikacin(AMK),gentamicin(GEN),norfloxacin(NOF),ciproflocacin(CIP),cefazolin(CEZ),cefoperazone(CPZ),ceftriaxone(CRO),ceftazidime(CAZ),cefotacime(CTX),cefepime(FEP),imipenem(IPM).SPSS 12.0 software was used to analyze the data.Results Three point two percent of the 31 E.coli were drug resistant to IPM,and 35.5%,38.7% to NOF,CIP individually,but more than 60% to AMK,GEN,even more than 67.7% towards cephalosporin(except ceftazidime and cefepime);the gross enzyme-produced rate was 87.1%,rate of single ESBLs,AmpC,and induction of both enzymes simultaneously presented 64.5%,6.5%,16.1% respectively;and there was marked difference in drug resistance when bacteria that produced single AmpC versus bacteria that produced single ESBLs or that produced both ESBLs and AmpC(Pa﹤0.05).Conclusions The relationships among enzyme′s quantity,sort and bacterial resistance are different.These data show E.coli infected by bacterial diarrhea children in Chongqing due to a high rate of induced enzymes,and their drug resistance vary according to the state of induced enzymes.

Objective To investigate the effect of pretreatment with electroacupuncture at point Neiguan(PC6) on CK and myocardial cell activity in rabbit myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and provide an experimental basis for a relatively specific relationship between pericardium meridian points and the heart. Methods Forty New Zealand big ear rabbits were randomly allocated to groups A, B, C, D and E, eight rabbits each. Group A was a sham operation group. Group B was an ischemia-reperfusion model group, in which the left anterior descending coronary artery was occlude for 30 min and reperfused for 60 min. In groups C, D and E, points Neiguan(PC6), Lieque(LU7) and Hegu(LI4) were separately given electroacupuncture stimulation, 20 min every day, at seven days before model making. Creatine kinase (CK) and myocardial formazan contents were compared between the groups. Results There were statistically significant differences in serum CK and myocardial formazan contents between group B, C, D or E and group A (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). There was a statistically significant differences in serum CK content between group C, D or E and group B (P＜0.01). There was a statistically significant differences in myocardial formazan content between groups C and B (P＜0.05). There were statistically significant differences in serum CK and myocardial formazan contents between group D or E and group C (P＜0.01, P＜0.05). Conclusion Electroacupuncture at point Neiguan(PC6) can reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced injury to myocardial cells to produce a protective effect on the heart.

Objective To describe the single needle running suture method for the urethrovesi-cal anastomosis during laparoscopic radical prostatectomy(LRP). Methods Forty-five patients of prostate cancer underwent LRP with the single needle running suture method. The technique was initi-ated by performing a fixing suture at the posterior lip of bladder neck at 4 o' clock and tying the first knot. Another suture at the nearby position of the first suture was performed to leave the first knot outside. From 5 o' clock to 8 o' clock, sutures were performed every one o' clock to secure posterior approximation, then every two o'clock a suture. To avoid a loose anastomosis, lock sutures were per-formed every 3 sutures. After completing the full circumference, the needle was drawn at the 2 o' clock for the second knot. The needle was always driven full-thickness outside-in in the bladder neck and inside-out on the urethra. Any remaining leakage could be closed with additional interrupted su-tures. Results All urethrovesical anastomosis were completed successfully. The mean anastomosis time was 16 rain(from 12 to 25 min), and mean operative time was 132 rain (112 to 185 rain). The mean catheterization time was 9 d(7 to 14 d). Three temporal urinary leaks requiring prolonged cathe-terization were identified. Forty-four patients had total urinary control in 1 year postoperatively and no other short-term or persistent complication was found with a mean follow-up of 21 months. Conclu- sion The single needle running suture method could be a simple and safe method for urethrovesical anastomosis during LRP.

Epmedii Folium is a commonly used traditional Chinese drug, and is beneficial for the "liver" and "kidney" s function in Chinese medicine. Recently, the origin of this drug is more complex. Most of the identification studies are emphasized on the species certified by the pharmacopoeia and other related species from the same genus of Epimedium, but few was emphasized on the counterfeit. In this paper, one counterfeit of Epmedii Folium, identified as the dried leaf of Quercus variabilis (Fam. Fagaceae), has been reported based on field investigation, comparing specimen of Epmedii Folium and Q. variabilis,using the macroscopic, microscopic and TmC methods. It is resulted that they could be identified clearly not only by the macroscopic features, such as the vein character and the tooth apex, but also by the microscopic features, such as the vascular bundles of the midrib, the non-glandular hair, the anticlinal wall of the epidermis cell and the calcium oxalate crystal. Furthermore their TLC chromatograms showed also difference. This study will give reference for the identification of Epmedii Folium and the related supervision and inspection work.
China ; Discriminant Analysis ; Epimedium ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plant Leaves ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Quercus ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy difference in treatment of functional dyspepsia (FD) between syndrome differentiation based acupuncture and ordinary acupuncture.

METHODSSeventy FD patients were assigned to a syndrome differentiation based acupuncture group (Group A) and an ordinary acupuncture group (Group B) by Excel Software randomization. Zhongwan (RN12 ), Tianshu (ST25), and Zusanli (ST36) were needled as main points for patients in Group A. Meanwhile, different combined acupoints were needled according to syndrome differentiation. Only the same main points were needled for patients in Group B. All patients were needled once per day, 30 min each time, 6 days as one treatment cycle, 2 treatment cycles in total. Fasting serum levels of gastrin (GAS) and motilin (MTL) were determined before treatment and after 2 treatment cycles. 36-item Short-form Heath Survey (SF-36) and Nepean Dyspepsia Index [NDI, including Nepean Dyspepsia Symptom Index (NDSI) and Nepean Dyspepsia Life Quality Index (NDLQI)] were assessed before treatment, after 2 treatment cycles, and one month after treatment.

RESULTSCompared with before treatment in the same group, serum levels of GAS and MLT increased in the two groups after 2 treatment cycles (P <0. 05), but changes were more obvious in Group A (P <0. 05). Compared with before treatment in the same group, SF-36 and NDLQI score increased, and NDSI score decreased in the two groups after 2 treatment cycles and 1 month after treatment (all P <0. 05). Compared with Group B, SF-36 and NDLQI score increased in Group A after 2 treatment cycles and 1 month after treatment (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). But NDSI score at 1 month after treatment was lower in Group A than in Group B (P <0.01).

CONCLUSIONSyndrome differentiation based acupuncture could evidently improve dyspeptic symptoms of FD patients, and significantly improve their quality of life with remarkable curative effect.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Dyspepsia ; therapy ; Humans ; Motilin ; Needles ; Quality of Life ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Syndrome

Acupressure ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Ankle Injuries ; therapy ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Movement ; Sprains and Strains ; therapy ; Young Adult