Objective To investigate the situation of mental disability in Hebei province. Methods Based on the survey of the Second National Disabled Sample in Hebei province, the data of mental disability were analysed, including the morbidity, severity, causes, and the service and demand. Results The morbidity of mental disability was higher in the countryside than that in the city (χ2=364.24, P<0.01). The severity of the disabled was more in level 3 or 4 than in level 1 and 2 (χ2=221.16, P<0.01). The genetic disease and brain disease were the major causes to the mental disability. The service did not meet the demand. Conclusion The mental disability was more in the countryside than in the city, with severity of mild to moderate.

Objective To study the effects of prolonged oxygen exposure at different concentrations on expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGF receptor-1 ,VEGFR1 and VEGF receptor-2, VEGFR2)mRNA in lungs of neonatal rat. Methods Thirty-two SD rat pups were randomly divided into control and experimental group. Rats in the experimental group were further divided into three subgroups: 30% O2, 50% O2 and 75% O2 group. Each group had 8 rats. The rats were ,sacrificed at postnatal day 21 and their right lower lobes were collected. Expressions of VEGF, VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA were detected by RT-PCR. Results There was no effect on VEGF, VEGFR1 or VEGFR2 mRNA expression in 30% O2 group. The expressions of VEGF mRNA in the 75% O2 group was 0. 48 times of the control (P<0. 05). The expressions of VEGFR1 mRNA(P<0.01) and VEGFR2 mRNA (P<0.01) in 50% O2 and 75% O2 group were lower than those of control. Condusions Prolonged exposure to moderate or high oxygen concentration may reduce the expression of VEGF and its receptors' mRNA in the lung tissues of neonatal rats.

Gene associated with retinoid-IFN-induced mortality-19(GRIM-19)is originally isolated as a growth suppressive gene using a genetic screen.GRIM-19, initially found in nucleus and mitochondria, is essential for the assembly and functioning of mitochondrial complex I.GRIM-19 involves the regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis, and low expression or mutation of GRIM-19 contributes to abnormal proliferation.During viral oncogenesis, GRIM-19 may be a general target protein similar to other cellular tumor suppressors.GRIM-19 plays an important role in tumor formation and apoptosis inhibition, and may be as a new tumor marker to early cancer screening.

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is one of the most important hypoxia signal transmission factor,and it has been observed in many human tumors.HIF-1 could play a role of promoting tumor by regulating the expression level of transforming growth factor-β in vivo and in vitro,and then affecting the development and prognosis of tumor.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of cancer can enhance the abilities of invasion and metastasis of cancer cells,which is one of the reasons for treatment failure.Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) is an important regulatory factor in EMT of cancer cells.Recent researches show that activation of PPARγplays a role in the occurrence and development of EMT by regulating the E-cadherin,Smad complex and body microenvironment.Therefore,in-depth research for the relationship among PPARγ,EMT and cancer is expected to provide a new direction for tumor treatment.

BACKGROUND: As an important part of tissue engineering, vascularization of compound materials is crucial to the survival of seed cells on scaffolds and the functional recovery of original tissues or organs. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the current development of vascularization in tissue engineering repair and reconstruction for urology. RETRIEVAL STRATEGY: An online search was conducted in PUBMED database and CNKI database to identify the articles related to vascularization in urology published from July 2002 to October 2007 using the of "tissue engineering, vascularization, angiogenesis, omentum, growth factor, endothelial progenitor cell, urethra, bladder, urology" in English or in Chinese. Inclusive criterion: The contents of articles were related to vascularization research in tissue engineering repair and reconstruction for urology. Those repeated studies were excluded. LITERATURE EVALUATION: Totally 214 related papers were collected, and 82 of them met the criteria, including 31 and 25 papers related to the use of omentum and growth factor in tissue engineering for urology respectively, and other 26 articles related to the use of seed cells for vascularization in urinary system. Thirty representative articles were selected as the references. DATA SYNTHESIS: At present, the great omentum has been used as a bioreactor. After being wrapped by the omentum, the tissue engineered ureter or bladder can be seen a well vascularized structure. Some researches have also found when acellular matrix is combined with some growth factors, such as vascular endothelial cell growth factor and basic fibroblast growth factor, the formation of blood capillary on scaffolds can be promoted. Moreover, various seed cells have been used to construct a substitute material by combining with capillary structure. Not only stem cells but also progenitor cells have been considered as a potential to construct microvascularized tissue engineered organs for urology. CONCLUSION: It is certain that vascularization research is one of the focal points of tissue engineering for urology. But the related research just can be used in laboratory. Few reports are used in clinical practice of urology. So many unsolved problems need an exploration.

Objective: To analyze the chemical constituents of Rhizoma belamcandae by using high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector/electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS). Methods: Dried Belamcanda chinensis powder was extracted with 70% ethanol by sonication. The chromatographic separation was performed on a YMC ODS-C18 column (250 mm X 4.6 mm I. D., 5 μm) with a mobile phase composed of 20%CH 3OH(A)-70%ACN(B) (0→ 30→45→65 min, 20→30→90→100 B), eluted at a flow rate of 0.45 ml/min, and the UV detection wavelength was set at 265 nm. Positive ionization mode with a needle voltage of 5 000 V, a capillary voltage of 20 V, a gas (N2) press of 20 psi and a temperature of the drying gas of 300°C was selected. Relative molecular mass data acquisition was performed from m/z 250 to 550 in full MS scan mode. Results: Nine major isoflavones were identified from Rhizoma belamcandae based on their retention behavior obtained on-line by their UV spectra and the HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS. Conclusion: A rapid and efficient HPLC-DAD/ESI-MS method for identifying the chemical constituents of Belamcandae chinensis has been established, which provides more scientific information for quality control of Rhizoma belamcandae.

With the deep study of the molecular biology mechanism during esophageal carcinoma development, there are major progressions in the study of chemotherapy related genes and proteins in esophageal carcinoma, including EGFR, p53, ERCC1, MRP and P-gp, and the measurements of these genes and protein benefit the prediction of chemotherapy sensitivity and making the individualized treatment protocols.

BACKGROUND: Nitric oxide synthase(NOS) is the key factor for the synthesis of nitric oxide (NO) . Because NO combines with oxygen, hemoglobin and other substances in vivo easily and deactivates quickly, and it is not exactly determined, so determining the activity of NOS is the important link for further studying the pathogenesis of NO in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)injury.OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of different types of NOS in the process of cerebral I/R injury.DESIGN: Randomized and controlled animal experiment.SETTING: Instituteof Cerebrovascular Disease, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University.MATERIALS: This experiment was carried out in the Shandong Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Encephalopathy from May to December 2005. Twenty-eight adult healthy male Wistar rats, of clean grade, weighing from 220 to 260 g, were provided by the Experimental Animal Center of Shandong University. The involved rats were randomly divided into sham-operation group (n =4) and cerebral ischemia group (n =24). Six time points were set in cerebral ischemia group: ischemia 1 hour reperfusion 6 hours, 12 hours, 1 day, 3 days, 7 days and 14 days, 4 rats at each time point.METHODS: Rat models of middle cerebral artery occlusion/reperfusion were established by suture-occluded method through inserting a suture into the left internal-external carotid artery. The expressions of different types of NOS at different time points after cerebral I/R were detected by immunohistochemical technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ①Toluidine blue-stained two groups of nerve cells; ② The expression and distribution of neuronal NOS (nNOS), endothelial NOS (eNOS) and inducible NOS(iNOS) at different time points.RESULTS: ①Karyopyknosis and cell debris appeared in the nerve cells of the injured region of cerebral ischemia group,and there were no significant differences of cells among different time points. ② Six hours after reperfusion, the expressions of nNOS, eNOS and iNOS were found in the neurons of brain tissue and increased with the elongation of time of reperfusion. The regions in which different types of NOS in neurons of brain tissue were expressed were cortical area and corpora striata. nNOS and iNOS were highly expressed within 12 hours to 7 days after reperfusion in the brain, and eNOS was highly expressed within a short time period, i.e. 6 hours to 3 days after reperfusion. eNOS expression increasing and decreasing occurred earlier than nNOS and iNOS. But the expressions of three kinds of NOS all reached peak on the first day after reperfusion. The changing tendencies of the expression of three kinds of NOS in the cortical area and corpora striata were the same basically.CONCLUSION: After cerebral I/R injury, the high expression of eNOS occurs early and lasts for a short time, while that of nNOS and iNOS occurs late and lasts for a long time.

Objective To investigate surgical treatment for tumor involved inferior vena cava at the upper segment of kidney.Methods The clinical data of 35 patients with tumor involved inferior vena cava at the upper segment of kidney who were admitted to Changhai Hospital affiliated to the Second Military Medical University from January 2007 to May 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.All the patients received preoperative imaging examinations to insure the site and range of inferior vena cava involvement at the upper segment of kidney.Renal cell carcinomas with inferior vena cava involvement were found in 19 cases,leiomyosarcomas of inferior vena cava in 5 cases,leiomyomatosis involving inferior vena cava in 3 cases,adrenocortical carcinoma involving inferior vena cava in 3 cases,liver cancer involving inferior vena cava in 2 cases,right adrenal pheochromocytomas in 2 cases,retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma involving inferior vena cava in 1 case.According to tumor involvement types,the different surgical approaches,planes and method of inferior vena cava exclusion,reconstruction method and prevention of tumor embolus detachment were selected.Patients were followed up by outpatient examination and telephone interview till May 2015.Results Among 19 patients with renal cell carcinomas with inferior vena cava involvement,10 patients were placed inferior vena cava filters through internal jugular vein before surgery,10 patients underwent total hepatic vascular exclusion and 9 patients underwent intrahepatic inferior vena cava exclusion.All the 19 patients received tumor resection and inferior vena cava embolectomy.Of the 5 patients with leiomyosar-comas of inferior vena cava,3 patients underwent total hepatic vascular exclusion and 2 patients underwent intrahepatic inferior vena cava exclusion.The diseased segments of 5 patients were resected,including 4 patients of artificial vascular graft and 1 patient complicated with resection of right kidney receiving simple ligation of inferior vena cava and left renal vein at proximal and distal tumors.Of the 3 patients with leiomyomatosis involving inferior vena cava,2 patients received total hepatic vascular exclusion and 1 was treated surgically under cardiopulmonary bypass.All the 3 patients underwent inferior vena cava embolectomy and hysterectomy.Three patients with adrenocortical carcinoma involving inferior vena cava and 2 patients with liver cancer involving inferior vena cava underwent total hepatic vascular exclusion.Among the 5 patients,4 had direct suture after tumor removal combined with partial inferior vena cava resection,and 1 had patch repair after partial inferior vena cava resection.Two patients with right adrenal pheochromocytomas were exposed proximal and distal lifting devices of inferior vena cava without clamp,and the tumors were peeled off completely.Intraoperative death happened in the patient with retroperitoneal fibrosarcoma involving inferior vena cava who was prepared to undergo intrahepatic inferior vena cava exclusion but encountered intraoperative pulmonary embolism due to tumor thrombus shedding.Thirty-four patients of 35 patients underwent operation successfully without serious perioperative complications and a patient died in the perioperative period.The mean operation time,volume of intraoperative blood loss and duration of postoperative hospital stay were 2.8 hours (range,1.5-5.0 hours),2 000 mL (range,400-5 000 mL) and 9.2 days (range,6.0-16.0 days).Thirty-four patients were followed up for a median time of 12 months (range,1-60 months).During the follow-up period,a patient with leiomyosarcomas of inferior vena cava and 2 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma involving inferior vena cava died of tumor recurrence,a patient with liver cancer had tumor recurrence,other patients were tumor-free survival.Conclusions Inferior vena cava at the upper segment of kidney is not contraindication for tumor resection.The appropriate way to expose,clamp and reconstruct are selected to safely remove the tumor based on extension and method of tumor involving inferior vena cava.