Brain Injuries ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain ; surgery ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Neural Stem Cells ; cytology ; transplantation

Microorganisms can affect the development of body immune system.Intestinal flora regulate immune function by promoting the intestinal immune system development,inducing T cell differentiation to avoid or reduce the incidence of immune-related diseases.Allergic diseases are related with the body's immune system hypoplasia and imperfect immune regulation mechanism.The immune system can be affected by intestinal flora,and the distribution of flora in the body between children with allergies and healthy children are significantly different,indicating that the occurrence of allergic diseases are associated with intestinal microflora.Studies have reported probiotic are helpful to the prevention and treatment of allergic disease,providing a new way for the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

Based on clinical features of refractory diseases and clinical practice experience for many years,the author expounded the therapeutic strategies from establishing individualized system of differentiation treatment,treatment strategies of refractory diseases,and the key for medication,and emphasized individual concerned therapy,separating primary and secondary treatment and grasping the physiological state to treat pathological changes.Thus complicated and changeable diseases can be treated clinically.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; therapeutic use ; Emergencies ; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Infant, Premature, Diseases ; diagnosis ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight ; Infection Control ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Premature Birth ; prevention & control ; Risk Factors

[Summary ] Accumulating evidence showed the associations between subclinical hyperthyroidism or subclinical hypothyroidism and adverse health outcomes. The related guidelines could be very helpful in making treatment decisions. However, even within the reference range, thyroid function is associated with adverse health outcomes, such as atrial fibrillation, coronary artery disease, osteoporosis, and dyslipidemia. Also, there is limitation to use TSH value as intervention threshold by the influence of age and other diseases. In this regard, a grading system is proposed to diagnose thyroid dysfunction, and risk stratification according to individual TSH values and comorbidities would be constructed to evaluate the utility of treatment.

The mechanism of antiarrhythmic effects of palmatine( Pal), an benzoquinolizine compound were studied in experimental animals.In the isolated guinea pig papillary muscles, Pal 50 ?mol/L markedly prolonged the functional refractory period(FRP)and decreased the automaticity induced by adrenaline, but exerted no effect on excitabj- iity and contractility of the muscles.Pal(10 ?mol/L ) prolonged both APD20 and APD90 of the action potential of guinoa pig papillary muscles. The Vmax was decreased at 100 ?mol/L Pal, but the action potential amplitude( APA ) and resting potential ( RP ) were unaltered.The antiarrhythmic action of Pal may be due to its ability to decrease automaticity and to proloagate FRP and APD of the myocardium.

Allopurinol is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor,it can reduce production and excretion of uric acid and oxygen free radicals generation. Allopurinol has good therapeutic effects on gout and hyperuricemia,and can relief symptoms of prostatitis. In addition, allopurinol has protective effects on ischemical reperfusion injury,inflammation and tumor.

Lin28 is a highly conservative RNA-binding protein. It can bind to the terminal loop of the precursor of let-7 family miRNAs and block the maturation of let-7. Lin28/let-7 signal pathway is involved in the stem cell pluripotency and tumor development. Combined transfection of Lin28, OCT4, SOX2, and NANOG can reprogram human somatic cells into pluripotent stem cells. Tumors with high expression of Lin28/Lin28B are often poorly differentiated and have poor prognoses.

Objective: To observe the influence of hepatocyte growth-promoting factor (pHGF) on monocyte chemotatic protein-1-(MCP-1) and aristolochic acid I (AA I )-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and apoptosis of human kidney epithelial cell line(HKC). Methods: The HKC cells were randomly divided into blank control group (control groups), epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition model group (model group), and pHGF inhibition group (pHGF groups) with pHGF at different concentrations (0. 15, 1. 5, 15, 150, and 1 500 ng/ml). The EMT model was established by exposing HKC cells to MCP-1 (0. 1 μg/ml)and AA I (10 μg/ml). Cells in the pHGF groups were the model cells treated with different concentrations of pHGF. Cells in the control group were cultured routinely. WST-8 method and flow cytometry were used to observe the proliferation and apoptosis of HKC cells, respectively. The mRNA expression of α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA) was determined by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the expression of α-SMA, fibronectin (FN), and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in HKC cells were assessed by indirect enzyme immunohistochemistry. Results: The cell inhibitory rate, apoptotic rate, and expression of α-SMA mRNA were significantly increased in the model group and pHGF groups compared with those in the control group (P<0. 01), indicating the successful establishment of EMT model. Compared with the model group, pHGF at 150 ng/ml, but not at other concentrations, significantly decreased the inhibition rate of HKC cells(P<0. 01). The apoptotic rate of HKC cells in all the pHGF groups were significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0. 01), pHGF at 150 ng/ml also greatly decreased the expression of α-SMA mRNA, and significantly down-regulated the expression of α-SMA, TGF-β1, and FN protein. Conclusion: pHGF at 150 ng/ml can partly reverse MCP-1- and AA I -induced HKC cell growth inhibition, apoptosis, and EMT.

[Summary] Epidemiologic evidence favors strong correlations between low thyrotropin(TSH) and high bone turnover, low bone mineral density ( BMD), and high fracture risk in hyperthyroid patients. Even subclinical hyperthyroidism, in which TSH is low and thyroid hormones are normal, is associated with osteopenia and osteoporosis. These evidences indicate that action of TSH on bone metabolism is independent of thyroid hormones and thus support the theory of the pituitary-bone axis. TSH plays its osteoprotective effect by binding TSH receptor on osteoclasts and inhibiting TNF-α expression. Physicians should screen the BMD in patients with overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism, especially the elderly, and make early diagnosis and better management for the underlying osteopenia and osteoporosis.