Objective To analysis the frequency of 9 bp deletion polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA)among Miao population in three geographical regions of Guizhou.Methods Polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PCR-PAGE)were used in the study of mtDNA 9 bp deletion polymorphism,DNA sequence was used to verify the results.Results Each group who come from Basa,Shajin,Longjie in Guizhou,the frequency of 9 bp deletion of mtDNA value as 19.15%(9/47), 42.5%(17/40)and 29.55%(13/43).Short polymorphic frequency difference was statistically significant between Basa and Shajin groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The frequencies of 9 bp deletion of mtDNA are relatively high in Miao ethnic group in Guizhou. There are certain differences of the delegation frequencies among these groups.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of moxibustion plus acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing and treating gastrointestinal reactions during chemotherapy for breast cancer. Method One hundred patients with breast cancer of stomach deficiency cold type were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group received moxibustion plus acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine based on conventional treatment of western medicine and the control group, conventional treatment of Western medicine. Result Comparison of nausea and vomiting incidences and severities from the beginning day of chemotherapy to three days after it and constipation incidences and severities during three days after chemotherapy between the two groups of patients showed that the results were better in the treatment group than in the control group;there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion plus acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine can effectively prevent and treat gastrointestinal reactions during chemotherapy for breast cancer. The method is convenient.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different pattens of intermittent hypoxia on the activity and apoptosis of primary cultured rat embryonic cortical neurons, and to evaluate the role of intermittent hypoxia in the mechanism of obstructive sleep syndrom induced cognitive function loss. METHOD: The embryonic cerebral cortical neurons were cultured in vitro and were identified by immunofluorescence. Cultured neurons were randomly divided into intermittent hypoxia group, intermittent normal oxygen group, persistent hypoxia group and the control group, and intermittent hypoxia group was divided into five subgroups according to different frequency and time-bound. Neurons were exposed in different modes of hypoxia. MTT colorimetry was used to detect the viability of the neurons, and DAPI colorated measurement was used to calculate the percentages of neuron apoptosis. RESULT: There were significantly different effects between all subgroups of intermittent hypoxia and the continued hypoxia group on neuronal activity and apoptosis (P < 0.01); Intermittent hypoxia groups with different frequency and time had no difference in neuronal activity and apoptosis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The effect of intermittent hypoxia was more serious than that of continued hypoxia on neuronal activity and apoptosis; The impact of intermittent hypoxia on neuronal activity and apoptosis may be an important factor in obstructive sleep apnea related cognitive impairment.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cognition Disorders ; Neurons ; cytology ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

Objective To explore the occurrence of anemia, anaemia type, iron metabolism situation,variation of serum Prealbumin (PA), and the relationship among them in cancer patients. Methods Three hundred and seventy cancer patients, admitted from July 2007 to April 2010 to our hospital, were enrolled into the study. The clinical data of all subjects were analyzed retrospectively. Results The incidence of anemia in 370 patients was 55.67% (206/370). Among all 206 anemia cases,129 cases had mild anaemia and 77 cases had middle to severe anaemia. In the last group ( n = 77 ), we found significant decrease in serum iron level ( [ 8. 37 ± 6. 09 ] μmol/L) and increase in serum ferritin level ( [ 474. 57 ± 327. 58 ] μg/L); and the correlation between serum iron and the anemia degree( Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). However, we found no significant differences of serum ferritin level between the groups with different degree of anemia(P ＞0. 05). Among all 206 anemia cases ,187(90. 77% ) patients had a low level of serum PA, but no relationship between the degree of anemia and the drop of serum PA ( P ＞ 0. 05 ). Conclusion The anemia was very popular in cancer patients, which had correlation with iron metabolism situation but not PA.

Missing data is a common but unavoidable issue in clinical trials. It not only lowers the trial power, but brings the bias to the trial results. Therefore, on one hand, the missing data handling methods are employed in data analysis. On the other hand, it is vital to prevent the missing data in the trials. Prevention of missing data should take the first place. From the perspective of data, firstly, some measures should be taken at the stages of protocol design, data collection and data check to enhance the patients' compliance and reduce the unnecessary missing data. Secondly, the causes of confirmed missing data in the trials should be notified and recorded in detail, which are very important to determine the mechanism of missing data and choose the suitable missing data handling methods, e.g., last observation carried forward (LOCF); multiple imputation (MI); mixed-effect model repeated measure (MMRM), etc.

Testing of hypothesis was affected by statistical analysis set division which was an important data management work before data base lock-in. Objective division of statistical analysis set under blinding was the guarantee of scientific trial conclusion. All the subjects having accepted at least once trial treatment after randomization should be concluded in safety set. Full analysis set should be close to the intention-to-treat as far as possible. Per protocol set division was the most difficult to control in blinded examination because of more subjectivity than the other two. The objectivity of statistical analysis set division must be guaranteed by the accurate raw data, the comprehensive data check and the scientific discussion, all of which were the strict requirement of data management. Proper division of statistical analysis set objectively and scientifically is an important approach to improve the data management quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on imaging of brain impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease.Methods 120 patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) including 25 cases without metabolic syndrome,25 cases with the risk of metabolic syndrome,70 cases with metabolic syndrome.The diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (NCEP-ATP Ⅲ).Brain MRI was assessed by the Scheltens scale,and divided into 3 regions:periventricular hyper intensities (PVH),leukoaraiosis (LA),basal ganglia hyper-intensities (BG).Results The assessment scores of PVH,LA,BG and Scheltens scores were higher in patients with the risk of metabolic syndrome and patient with metabolic syndrome than in patient without metabolic syndrome [(3.75±1.60),(4.21±1.09) us.(2.76±1.62),(10.67±5.26),(13.79±5.25) us.(6.36±3.93),(3.21±2.62),(6.90±4.25) us.(1.52±1.50),(17.62±8.32),(24.90±9.25)vs.(10.58± 5.89),respectively,all P＜0.05].Waist circumference had positive correlations with LA and Scheltens scores (r=0.185,P=0.046; r=0.488,P＜0.001).Positive correlation was found between triglyceride (TG) and LA,BG scores (r=0.188,P=0.042; r=0.311,P =0.001).The positive correlations of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with LA,BG and Scheltens scores were found (r=0.235,P=0.011; r=0.229,P=0.013; r=0.206,P=0.027).High density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) was correlated negatively with LA,BG and Scheltens scores (r=-0.238,P=0.010;r=-0.189,P=0.042; r=-0.335,P＜0.001).The further multivariate linear regression analysis showed that IGT,HDL-C had significant correlations with LA assessment score (both P＜0.05),TG had significant correlation with BG assessment score (P＜0.05),and waist circumfernce,IGT,HDL-C had significant correlations with Scheltens scores (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Metabolic syndrome and its components correlate with the imagings of cerebral damage in SIVD.Abdominal obesity,TG,IGT,HDL-C are the important risk factors for SIVD.

Objective To investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and the other clinical features of subcortical damage in patients with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)-defined subcortical ischemic vascular disease(SIVD).Methods The cohort for this study included 110 SIVD patients who were divided into 3 groups according to cognitive status:patients with noncognition impairment(SIVD-NCI group,n=34),patients with mild cognitive impairment(SIVD-MCI group,n =47) and patients with vascular dementia (SIVD-VaD group,n =29).The cognitive functions were evaluated by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE) and Montreal cognitive assessment(MoCA),the Cambridge cognitive examination-Chinese version(CAMCOG-C),activity of daily living scale(ADL) and clock drawing task(CDT),etc.Depression symptoms were assessed by the geriatric depression scale (GDS),while the other clinical features of subcortical damage were assessed by the timedGet-Up and Go test,etc.Results There were statistically significant differences in the MMSE,MoCA,CAMCOG-C,CDT and ADL scores among the three groups(H=85.36,F=50.32,55.03,H=27.39,40.87,respectively,all P＜0.05).Gait disturbance,urinary disorder,pseudobulbar palsy,depression and falls were statistically significantly different among the threegroups(x2=21.69,21.41,25.51,6.91,21.87,all P＜0.05).In addition,gait disturbance was increasingly aggravated with the severity of cognitive impairment.In SIVD-MCI group,urinary disorder,pseudobulbar palsy and falls were significantly increased as compared with SIVD-NCI group (x2 =15.57,16.31,8.92,both P＜0.017).Depression was statistically significant different between SIVD-NCIandSIVD-VaD group(x2 =6.90,P＜0.017).Among the three groups,there was no significant difference in the feature of emotional incontinence.Conclusions With the decline in cognitive function,the patients with SIVD can present with different clinical features of subcortical damage.Gait disturbance is gradually aggravated with the decline in cognitive function.Urinary disorder,pseudobulbar palsy,and falls can reflect the cognitive impairment from normal to mild on the other hand.Depression can be used as one of the signs that show cognitive impairment reached to dementia.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes of the levels of cytokines in patients with first-episode depression and the effect on the levels of cytokines after the treatment with duloxetine.MethodsThe serum levels of interleukin 1 ( IL-1 ),interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ),tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-αt ),interleukin4 ( IL-4 ),interleukin10(IL-10) were measured in 38 patients with depression before and after duloxetine treatment by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).HAMD score were assessed at pre- treatment and post-treatment to assess curative effect.The control group was 30 healthy individuals.All data were statisticaly analyzed by SPSS.ResultsBefore treatment,the HAMD score and the levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 in first-episode depressant patients were remarkablely higher than those in the control group( IL-6:( 10.66 ± 3.12 ) pg/ml vs (2.72 ± 0.91 ) pg/ml ;TNF-α:(77.49 ±3.12) pg/ml vs (37.48 ±5.87) pg/ml; IL-1:(39.09 ± 3.77 ) pg/ml vs ( 10.31 ± 1.05 ) pg/ml ),the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 in first-episode depressant patients were remarkablely lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ).The HAMD score and the levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 in post-treatment were remarkablely lower than pre-treatment (P ＜ 0.05 ),but which were still higher than the control group(P＜ 0.05 ).The levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 in post-treatment were remarkablely increased than pre-treatment(P＜0.05).The levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 were positively correlated with the HAMD score( r =0.667,0.486,0.727,P ＜0.01 ),but the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were negatively correlated with the HAMD scorae ( r=-0.433,-0.269,P＜0.05,P＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe first-episode depressant patients show immune disorder induced by cytokines.Anti-depressant activity of duloxetine may participate in the regulation of cytokines and Th1/Th2 unbalance.

BACKGROUND:Hard palate mucosa serves as a main donor material in periodontal plastic surgery and its thickness is crucial for the surgical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the thickness of hard palate mucosa in Han population, and analyze the consistency between cone-beam CT image analysis and trans-gingival probing method. METHODS: A total of 30 Han volunteers (300 teeth) were recruited, and the thickness of hard palate mucosa was measured using cone-beam CT image analysis or trans-gingival probing method, to analyze their consistency. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The two methods showed a higher consistency in the thickness of hard palate mucosa at the cuspid, first and second premolars as well as first and second molars. The thickness of the hard palate mucosa related to the distance from the gingival margin and tooth position, the thickness from the canine region to the second premolar region thickening gradually, and became the thickest at the second molar, and the thinnest at the cuspid. This study for the first time analyzed the thickness of hard palate mucosa in Chinese Han population, and confirmed there is a high consistency between cone-beam CT image analysis and trans-gingival probing method.