Objective To analysis the frequency of 9 bp deletion polymorphism of mitochondrial DNA(mt DNA)among Miao population in three geographical regions of Guizhou.Methods Polymerase chain reaction and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PCR-PAGE)were used in the study of mtDNA 9 bp deletion polymorphism,DNA sequence was used to verify the results.Results Each group who come from Basa,Shajin,Longjie in Guizhou,the frequency of 9 bp deletion of mtDNA value as 19.15%(9/47), 42.5%(17/40)and 29.55%(13/43).Short polymorphic frequency difference was statistically significant between Basa and Shajin groups(P<0.05).Conclusion The frequencies of 9 bp deletion of mtDNA are relatively high in Miao ethnic group in Guizhou. There are certain differences of the delegation frequencies among these groups.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of moxibustion plus acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine in preventing and treating gastrointestinal reactions during chemotherapy for breast cancer. Method One hundred patients with breast cancer of stomach deficiency cold type were randomly allocated to two groups. The treatment group received moxibustion plus acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine based on conventional treatment of western medicine and the control group, conventional treatment of Western medicine. Result Comparison of nausea and vomiting incidences and severities from the beginning day of chemotherapy to three days after it and constipation incidences and severities during three days after chemotherapy between the two groups of patients showed that the results were better in the treatment group than in the control group;there were statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Moxibustion plus acupoint application of Chinese herbal medicine can effectively prevent and treat gastrointestinal reactions during chemotherapy for breast cancer. The method is convenient.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different pattens of intermittent hypoxia on the activity and apoptosis of primary cultured rat embryonic cortical neurons, and to evaluate the role of intermittent hypoxia in the mechanism of obstructive sleep syndrom induced cognitive function loss. METHOD: The embryonic cerebral cortical neurons were cultured in vitro and were identified by immunofluorescence. Cultured neurons were randomly divided into intermittent hypoxia group, intermittent normal oxygen group, persistent hypoxia group and the control group, and intermittent hypoxia group was divided into five subgroups according to different frequency and time-bound. Neurons were exposed in different modes of hypoxia. MTT colorimetry was used to detect the viability of the neurons, and DAPI colorated measurement was used to calculate the percentages of neuron apoptosis. RESULT: There were significantly different effects between all subgroups of intermittent hypoxia and the continued hypoxia group on neuronal activity and apoptosis (P < 0.01); Intermittent hypoxia groups with different frequency and time had no difference in neuronal activity and apoptosis (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The effect of intermittent hypoxia was more serious than that of continued hypoxia on neuronal activity and apoptosis; The impact of intermittent hypoxia on neuronal activity and apoptosis may be an important factor in obstructive sleep apnea related cognitive impairment.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cognition Disorders ; Neurons ; cytology ; Oxygen ; Rats ; Sleep Apnea, Obstructive

In recent years, the appearance of tumor cell chemoresistance has brought new challenges to the treatment and prognosis of bladder cancer. Therefore, it is more and more urgent to study the chemoresistance mechanisms of bladder cancer. The current studies show that the chemoresistance mechanisms of bladder cancer mainly include drug efflux, epithelialmesenchemal transformation (EMT), cell autophagy, microRNA regulation and genetic epigenetic modification, which involves a variety of cell signal transduction pathways. Moreover, the different mechanisms of chemoresistance maybe have connections with each other by the same signaling pathways, thus forming a complex regulatory network. This paper reviews the latest progress in the study of chemoresistance mechanisms of bladder cancer, in order to provide new ideas for the targeted treatment of bladder cancer.

Missing data is a common but unavoidable issue in clinical trials. It not only lowers the trial power, but brings the bias to the trial results. Therefore, on one hand, the missing data handling methods are employed in data analysis. On the other hand, it is vital to prevent the missing data in the trials. Prevention of missing data should take the first place. From the perspective of data, firstly, some measures should be taken at the stages of protocol design, data collection and data check to enhance the patients' compliance and reduce the unnecessary missing data. Secondly, the causes of confirmed missing data in the trials should be notified and recorded in detail, which are very important to determine the mechanism of missing data and choose the suitable missing data handling methods, e.g., last observation carried forward (LOCF); multiple imputation (MI); mixed-effect model repeated measure (MMRM), etc.

Testing of hypothesis was affected by statistical analysis set division which was an important data management work before data base lock-in. Objective division of statistical analysis set under blinding was the guarantee of scientific trial conclusion. All the subjects having accepted at least once trial treatment after randomization should be concluded in safety set. Full analysis set should be close to the intention-to-treat as far as possible. Per protocol set division was the most difficult to control in blinded examination because of more subjectivity than the other two. The objectivity of statistical analysis set division must be guaranteed by the accurate raw data, the comprehensive data check and the scientific discussion, all of which were the strict requirement of data management. Proper division of statistical analysis set objectively and scientifically is an important approach to improve the data management quality.

Objective To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on imaging of brain impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease.Methods 120 patients with subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) including 25 cases without metabolic syndrome,25 cases with the risk of metabolic syndrome,70 cases with metabolic syndrome.The diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome was the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ (NCEP-ATP Ⅲ).Brain MRI was assessed by the Scheltens scale,and divided into 3 regions:periventricular hyper intensities (PVH),leukoaraiosis (LA),basal ganglia hyper-intensities (BG).Results The assessment scores of PVH,LA,BG and Scheltens scores were higher in patients with the risk of metabolic syndrome and patient with metabolic syndrome than in patient without metabolic syndrome [(3.75±1.60),(4.21±1.09) us.(2.76±1.62),(10.67±5.26),(13.79±5.25) us.(6.36±3.93),(3.21±2.62),(6.90±4.25) us.(1.52±1.50),(17.62±8.32),(24.90±9.25)vs.(10.58± 5.89),respectively,all P＜0.05].Waist circumference had positive correlations with LA and Scheltens scores (r=0.185,P=0.046; r=0.488,P＜0.001).Positive correlation was found between triglyceride (TG) and LA,BG scores (r=0.188,P=0.042; r=0.311,P =0.001).The positive correlations of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with LA,BG and Scheltens scores were found (r=0.235,P=0.011; r=0.229,P=0.013; r=0.206,P=0.027).High density lipoproteincholesterol (HDL-C) was correlated negatively with LA,BG and Scheltens scores (r=-0.238,P=0.010;r=-0.189,P=0.042; r=-0.335,P＜0.001).The further multivariate linear regression analysis showed that IGT,HDL-C had significant correlations with LA assessment score (both P＜0.05),TG had significant correlation with BG assessment score (P＜0.05),and waist circumfernce,IGT,HDL-C had significant correlations with Scheltens scores (all P＜ 0.05).Conclusions Metabolic syndrome and its components correlate with the imagings of cerebral damage in SIVD.Abdominal obesity,TG,IGT,HDL-C are the important risk factors for SIVD.

ObjectiveTo explore the changes of the levels of cytokines in patients with first-episode depression and the effect on the levels of cytokines after the treatment with duloxetine.MethodsThe serum levels of interleukin 1 ( IL-1 ),interleukin 6 ( IL-6 ),tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-αt ),interleukin4 ( IL-4 ),interleukin10(IL-10) were measured in 38 patients with depression before and after duloxetine treatment by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).HAMD score were assessed at pre- treatment and post-treatment to assess curative effect.The control group was 30 healthy individuals.All data were statisticaly analyzed by SPSS.ResultsBefore treatment,the HAMD score and the levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 in first-episode depressant patients were remarkablely higher than those in the control group( IL-6:( 10.66 ± 3.12 ) pg/ml vs (2.72 ± 0.91 ) pg/ml ;TNF-α:(77.49 ±3.12) pg/ml vs (37.48 ±5.87) pg/ml; IL-1:(39.09 ± 3.77 ) pg/ml vs ( 10.31 ± 1.05 ) pg/ml ),the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 in first-episode depressant patients were remarkablely lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01 ).The HAMD score and the levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 in post-treatment were remarkablely lower than pre-treatment (P ＜ 0.05 ),but which were still higher than the control group(P＜ 0.05 ).The levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 in post-treatment were remarkablely increased than pre-treatment(P＜0.05).The levels of serum IL-6,TNF-α,IL-1 were positively correlated with the HAMD score( r =0.667,0.486,0.727,P ＜0.01 ),but the levels of serum IL-4 and IL-10 were negatively correlated with the HAMD scorae ( r=-0.433,-0.269,P＜0.05,P＜ 0.01 ).ConclusionsThe first-episode depressant patients show immune disorder induced by cytokines.Anti-depressant activity of duloxetine may participate in the regulation of cytokines and Th1/Th2 unbalance.

OBJECTIVE:To study the pharmacokinetics of escitalopram oxalate tablets in human body.METHODS:Es-citalopram oxalate tablets were administered orally at a single dose of30mg to10healthy subjects respectively,the plasma concentration of escitalopram oxalate was determined by HPLC method,the pharmacokinetic parameter was fitted with3p97software.RESULTS:The concentration-time curve of escitalopram oxalate tablets was in line with the two-compartment model,the main pharmacokinetics parameters of escitalopram oxalate were as follows,the C max was(42.73?10.19)?g?L,t max was(2.90?0.32)h,t 1/2 was(35.34?7.78)h,AUC 0～132 was(1241.5?194.3)(?g?h)/L and the AUC 0～∞ was(1327.5?210.5)(?g?h)/L.CONCLUSION:The study on pharmacokinetics can be used as a reference in the clinical medication.

BACKGROUND:Hard palate mucosa serves as a main donor material in periodontal plastic surgery and its thickness is crucial for the surgical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the thickness of hard palate mucosa in Han population, and analyze the consistency between cone-beam CT image analysis and trans-gingival probing method. METHODS: A total of 30 Han volunteers (300 teeth) were recruited, and the thickness of hard palate mucosa was measured using cone-beam CT image analysis or trans-gingival probing method, to analyze their consistency. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The two methods showed a higher consistency in the thickness of hard palate mucosa at the cuspid, first and second premolars as well as first and second molars. The thickness of the hard palate mucosa related to the distance from the gingival margin and tooth position, the thickness from the canine region to the second premolar region thickening gradually, and became the thickest at the second molar, and the thinnest at the cuspid. This study for the first time analyzed the thickness of hard palate mucosa in Chinese Han population, and confirmed there is a high consistency between cone-beam CT image analysis and trans-gingival probing method.