In children and adolescents, inguinal and scrotal diseases are relatively common, and imaging is very useful for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of these diseases. Therefore, it is important to understand the imaging findings of these diseases. In this article, we classify these diseases into small testes, cryptorchidism, patent processus vaginalis, acute scrotum pain, trauma, testicular tumors, and others and describe their characteristic findings.

The cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) complexed with cyclic AMP (CRP.cAMP) regulates expression of many genes by binding to sites at or near many promoters of Escherichia coli. The regulatory effect of CRP.cAMP was studied by in vitro transcription assay with lacUV5 promoter derivatives that have the CRP binding site at different locations (-56 to -69 from the transcription start site of lacUV5 promoter) upstream of the promoter. The CRP binding site itself influenced differently on the promoter activity depending on the distances from the promoter. Depending on the helix phasing of the CRP.cAMP relative to RNA polymerase CRP.cAMP activated, repressed or had no effect on the promoter. These results imply that a regulator is not a dedicated protein for repression or activation but that any regulator may have a potential of dual functionalities when it is under appropriate condition.
Binding Sites ; Cyclic AMP ; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein ; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases ; Escherichia coli* ; Escherichia* ; Repression, Psychology ; Transcription Initiation Site

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign vascular neoplasms that predominantly occur in the subungual region of the digits. However, these neoplasms have also been reported in other anatomical locations. Extradigital GTs often present in atypical locations with unconventional symptoms, posing potential diagnostic challenges for clinicians. Herein, we present a recent case of an extradigital GT found in the forearm of a 76-yearold male patient that exhibited intraoperative features similar to those of a nerve sheath tumor or intravascular tumor, further underscoring these diagnostic challenges. This report highlights the pivotal role of frozen section pathology in diagnosing and managing this atypical lesion, thereby facilitating optimal patient care.

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign vascular neoplasms that predominantly occur in the subungual region of the digits. However, these neoplasms have also been reported in other anatomical locations. Extradigital GTs often present in atypical locations with unconventional symptoms, posing potential diagnostic challenges for clinicians. Herein, we present a recent case of an extradigital GT found in the forearm of a 76-yearold male patient that exhibited intraoperative features similar to those of a nerve sheath tumor or intravascular tumor, further underscoring these diagnostic challenges. This report highlights the pivotal role of frozen section pathology in diagnosing and managing this atypical lesion, thereby facilitating optimal patient care.

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign vascular neoplasms that predominantly occur in the subungual region of the digits. However, these neoplasms have also been reported in other anatomical locations. Extradigital GTs often present in atypical locations with unconventional symptoms, posing potential diagnostic challenges for clinicians. Herein, we present a recent case of an extradigital GT found in the forearm of a 76-yearold male patient that exhibited intraoperative features similar to those of a nerve sheath tumor or intravascular tumor, further underscoring these diagnostic challenges. This report highlights the pivotal role of frozen section pathology in diagnosing and managing this atypical lesion, thereby facilitating optimal patient care.

Glomus tumors (GTs) are rare benign vascular neoplasms that predominantly occur in the subungual region of the digits. However, these neoplasms have also been reported in other anatomical locations. Extradigital GTs often present in atypical locations with unconventional symptoms, posing potential diagnostic challenges for clinicians. Herein, we present a recent case of an extradigital GT found in the forearm of a 76-yearold male patient that exhibited intraoperative features similar to those of a nerve sheath tumor or intravascular tumor, further underscoring these diagnostic challenges. This report highlights the pivotal role of frozen section pathology in diagnosing and managing this atypical lesion, thereby facilitating optimal patient care.

BACKGROUND: Hydrofluoric acid_(HF) is widely used in many industrial and domestic settings such as etching glass, and polishing metals. HF is one of the most corrosive inorganic acids and can produce progressive and serious tissue necrosis with severe pain. Since HF chemical burns can be asymptomatic for the first few hours, it is crucial to understand its toxicity and the early use of antidote. CASE: A 37-year-old man presented with erythematous lesion and pain on his face, anterior neck, both forearms, both thighs, and left ankle after injury resulting from a chemical burn caused by HF. He showed normal vital signs and dyspnea, but complained of a sore throat. Liquid form of HF had splashed on his face and anterior neck first and run down his forearms and thighs while working at HF supply tanks. Some of the HF was splashed into his mouth. He immediately removed his clothes and showered with abundant water. A 4.5% calcium gluconate jel was applied to the involved area. He was given subcutaneous injection of 10% calcium gluconate solution. During 17 days of admission he didn't show any signs of systemic intoxication or deep tissue defects. CONCLUSIONS: Immediate cleansing of the affected area with running cold water is the first critical treatment for a chemical burn due to HF. Applying calcium gluconate gel within one hour was very effective for preventing further damage to the injured area as well as systemic injury. In order to reduce the risk of accident and perform first-aid treatment quickly, it is imperative to provide workers with safety education and establish safety facilities.
Adult ; Animals ; Ankle ; Burns, Chemical ; Calcium Gluconate ; Cold Temperature ; Dyspnea ; Forearm ; Glass ; Gluconates ; Humans ; Hydrofluoric Acid ; Injections, Subcutaneous ; Metals ; Mouth ; Neck ; Necrosis ; Pharyngitis ; Running ; Thigh ; Vital Signs ; Water

As chemicals become common in everyday life, serious burns are increasing due to chemicals. Chemical burns are characterized by continuous tissue destruction until the harmful substances are neutralized. The longer the skin is in contact with the chemical, the deeper the burn can be. In cases of chemical burns caused by glacial acetic acid, the burns were caused by a mixture of a small amount of glacial acetic acid and a large amount of flour. Despite the prolonged contact with the dough, tissue damage was managed through debridement and split thickness skin graft, leading to relatively good results.

Necrotizing fasciitis is a deep soft tissue infection that includes the muscle fascia and subcutaneous fat. It is rare, but it causes necrosis of the muscle, fascia, and subcutaneous tissues. It advances quickly and becomes a life-threatening bacterial infection with high morbidity and mortality. Alcoholics with diabetes are especially vulnerable to necrotizing fasciitis and at high risk of progression to severe sepsis and septic shock. In that sense, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important in the management of necrotizing fasciitis, especially in diabetic alcoholics. We recently treated necrotizing fasciitis on the left lower leg of a 55-year-old diabetic alcoholic who had not controlled blood sugar for 4 years. In our case, a minor burn wound on the left lower leg caused by the hot ramen soup progressed to necrotizing fasciitis within ten days. The patient who was diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis of the left lower leg was successfully managed with prompt diagnosis, serial debridement, and a split-thickness skin graft while controlling blood sugar levels.