Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is intricately linked to the most severe clinical manifestations of brain damage. It encompasses dynamic pathological mechanisms, including hemodynamic disorders, excitotoxic injury, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and neuronal death. This review provides a comprehensive analysis and summary of biomaterial-based tissue engineering scaffolds and nano-drug delivery systems. As an example of functionalized biomaterials, nano-drug delivery systems alter the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs. They provide multiple targeting strategies relying on factors such as morphology and scale, magnetic fields, pH, photosensitivity, and enzymes to facilitate the transport of therapeutics across the blood-brain barrier and to promote selective accumulation at the injury site. Furthermore, therapeutic agents can be incorporated into bioscaffolds to interact with the biochemical and biophysical environment of the brain. Bioscaffolds can mimic the extracellular matrix environment, regulate cellular interactions, and increase the effectiveness of local treatments following surgical interventions. Additionally, stem cell-based and exosome-dominated extracellular vesicle carriers exhibit high bioreactivity and low immunogenicity and can be used to design therapeutic agents with high bioactivity. This review also examines the utilization of endogenous bioactive materials in the treatment of TBI.

Allergic rhinitis (AR), a globally prevalent immune-mediated inflammatory condition, is still an incurable disease. In the present study, we have validated the impact of the Kelch-like ECH associated protein 1 (Keap1)-related oxidative stress and inflammatory response in clinical AR patient peripheral blood and nasal swab samples, emphasizing the biological relevance of Keap1 and AR. Targeting Keap1 -nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) related anti-oxidative stress may be effective for AR intervention. Drawing inspiration from the Keap1 homodimerization and the E3 ligase characteristics, we herein present a design of novel bivalent molecules for chemical knockdown of Keap1. For the first time, we characterized ternary complexes of Keap1 dimer and one molecule of bivalent compounds. The best bivalent molecule 8 encompasses robust capacity to degrade Keap1 as a homoPROTAC^KEAP1. It efficaciously suppresses inflammatory cytokines in extensively different cells, including human nasal epithelial cells. Moreover, in an AR mouse model, we confirmed that the chemical degradation induced by homoPROTAC^KEAP1 led to therapeutic benefits in managing AR symptoms, oxidative stress and inflammation. In summary, our findings underscore the efficacy of targeting the Keap1 system through the homoPROTAC-ing technology as an innovative and promising treatment strategy for the incurable allergic disorders.

Obesity, as a chronic recurrent disease, has become a major public health challenge in China. To implement the requirements of the Healthy China Initiative (2019—2030), under domestic guidelines or consensus statements on overweight and obesity, and in alignment with the latest scientific advances globally, the Quality control protocol for adult overweight and obesity screening in health management (examination) institutions (2025 edition) was developed. This protocol was drafted by the Health Management Center of Shanghai Changzheng Hospital and formulated through multiple rounds of deliberation by experts in China’s health examination quality control field. The protocol establishes unified standards for screening facilities, personnel qualifications, and measurement or testing procedures. It defines specific screening items, outlines a standardized screening pathway, and sets requirements for the final medical review, ensuring the scientific validity, effectiveness, and safety of the screening process. The implementation of this protocol will enhance the consistency of weight management practices for adults across health examination institutions and strengthen the quality control of overweight and obesity screening programs.

To evaluate the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant radiohormonal therapy for oligometastatic prostate cancer (OMPC), we conducted a 3 + 3 dose escalation, prospective, phase I/II, single-arm clinical trial (CHiCTR1900025743), in which long-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation was adopted 1 month before radiotherapy, comprising intensity modulated radiotherapy to the pelvis, and stereotactic body radiation therapy to all extra-pelvic bone metastases for 4-7 weeks, at 39.6, 45, 50.4, and 54 Gy. Robotic-assisted radical prostatectomy was performed after 5-14 weeks. The primary outcome was treatment-related toxicities and adverse events; secondary outcomes were radiological treatment response, positive surgical margin (pSM), postoperative prostate-specific antigen (PSA), pathological down-grading and tumor regression grade, and survival parameters. Twelve patients were recruited from March 2019 to February 2020, aging 66.2 years in average (range, 52-80). Median baseline PSA was 62.0 ng/mL. All underwent RARP successfully without open conversions. Ten patients recorded pathological tumor down-staging (83.3%), and 5 (41.7%) with cN1 recorded negative regional lymph nodes on final pathology. 66.7% (8/12) recorded tumor regression grading (TRG) -I and 25% (3/12) recorded TRG-II. Median follow-up was 16.5 months. Mean radiological progression-free survival (RPFS) was 21.3 months, with 2-year RPFS of 83.3%. In all, neoadjuvant radiohormonal therapy is well tolerated for oligometastatic prostate cancer.
Male ; Humans ; Prostatic Neoplasms/radiotherapy* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen/therapeutic use* ; Neoadjuvant Therapy ; Androgen Antagonists/therapeutic use* ; Prospective Studies

Humans ; Asthma/drug therapy* ; Biological Therapy

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with multiple organ involvement. There are still many limitations and individual differences in the treatment based on glucocorticoids and immunosuppressants. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that the combination of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of SLE has the advantages of good efficacy, low adverse reactions, and high safety. However, the exact regulatory mechanism and combined traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of SLE are still unclear. This paper reviews the research on the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of SLE from metabonomic, immune cells, lymphocyte factors and apoptosis, etc, provides ideas for exploring the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine in the treatment of SLE with modern methods.

The separation of outer retinal photoreceptors in patients with toxoplasmosis chorioretinitis was first named bacillary layer detachment (BALAD), which was manifested as a split at the level of the photoreceptor inner segment myoid creating a distinctive intraretinal cavity in optical coherence tomography.Subsequently BALAD has been reported by many researchers in different diseases.In the outer retina, the myoid is a relatively weak structure in photoreceptor inner segment.When the outward force that promotes the attachment of the photoreceptor outer segment to the retinal pigment epithelium exceeds the tensile strength of the photoreceptor inner segment myoid, the myoid zone splits and BALAD occurs.BALAD has its unique multimodal imaging characteristics, and the identification of it can provide a new idea for the diagnosis, detection and treatment of ocular diseases.This paper reviewed the development of BALAD nomenclature, its anatomical structure, pathophysiological mechanism and multimodal image features.

Objective To investigate the correlation between plasma inflammatory factors [IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17, IL-23, TNF-α, TGF-β, IFN-γ, C-reactive protein (CPR) CCL-5] and hand-foot syndrome in colorectal cancer patients after taking capecitabine. Methods 35 colorectal cancer patients treated with capecitabine were collected and the degree of severity was divided according to the hand-foot syndrome grading diagnostic criteria. The concentrations of inflammatory factors in plasma were determined by ELISA kits. Results The standard curve of all inflammatory cytokines were linear (r>0.9900), and plasma concentrations of inflammatory cytokines in patients with colorectal cancer were determined. The concentration of TNF-α changed obviously, which had reference value. Conclusion The concentrations of different inflammatory factors were different and the concentration of TNF-α was closely correlated with the severity of hand-foot syndrome.

Objective To analyze the research status and predict the development trend of clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs in China, and to provide reference for clinical comprehensive evaluation. Methods CNKI, Wanfang and VIP database were used to search the published articles of clinical comprehensive evaluation. Literature searching was set from the building time of the database to 2022, the basic information about the published articles was obtained for the evaluation of the literature quality. Bibliometrics and CiteSpace 6.1.R3 software were used to visualize the research authors, research institutions, and key words. Results After data screening, a total of 126 Chinese published articles were selected. The analysis showed that the numbers of published articles were rising continuously, and China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and Xie Yanming were the institute and the author with the maximum number of literatures, respectively. Conclusion The clinical comprehensive evaluation of drugs was conducted based on the clinical value of drugs, guided by the policy requirements. It is suggested that researchers should conduct the comprehensive evaluation according to the focus and requirements of government agencies, the pharmaceutical industry and the clinical applications.

Objective:To build a small-sample ultra-widefield fundus images (UWFI) multi-disease classification artificial intelligence model, and initially explore the ability of artificial intelligence to classify UWFI multi-disease tasks.Methods:A retrospective study. From 2016 to 2021, 1 608 images from 1 123 patients who attended the Eye Center of the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University and underwent UWFI examination were used for UWFI multi-disease classification artificial intelligence model construction. Among them, 320, 330, 319, 268, and 371 images were used for diabetic retinopathy (DR), retinal vein occlusion (RVO), pathological myopia (PM), retinal detachment (RD), and normal fundus images, respectively. 135 images from 106 patients at the Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital were used as the external test set. EfficientNet-B7 was selected as the backbone network for classification analysis of the included UWFI images. The performance of the UWFI multi-task classification model was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. All data were expressed using numerical values and 95% confidence intervals ( CI). The datasets were trained on the network models ResNet50 and ResNet101 and tested on an external test set to compare and observe the performance of EfficientNet with the 2 models mentioned above. Results:The overall classification accuracy of the UWFI multi-disease classification artificial intelligence model on the internal and external test sets was 92.57% (95% CI 91.13%-92.92%) and 88.89% (95% CI 88.11%-90.02%), respectively. These were 96.62% and 92.59% for normal fundus, 95.95% and 95.56% for DR, 96.62% and 98.52% for RVO, 98.65% and 97.04% for PM, and 97.30% and 94.07% for RD, respectively. The mean AUC on the internal and external test sets was 0.993 and 0.983, respectively, with 0.994 and 0.939 for normal fundus, 0.999 and 0.995 for DR, 0.985 and 1.000 for RVO, 0.991 and 0.993 for PM and 0.995 and 0.990 for RD, respectively. EfficientNet performed better than the ResNet50 and ResNet101 models on both the internal and external test sets. Conclusion:The preliminary UWFI multi-disease classification artificial intelligence model using small samples constructed in this study is able to achieve a high accuracy rate, and the model may have some value in assisting clinical screening and diagnosis.