Objective The microcapsules were prepared by using chitosan and sodium alginate as wall materials,and the controlled-release microcapsulas of interferon tau were hoped to be develop an oral interferon preparation.Methods The microcapsules were prepared by using syringe hand-made drop.In the process of dropping,speed and distance were the major factors which influence the form of microcapsules.Results Chitosanalginate microcapsules which was prepared simple and fast had high encapsulation rate and extended-release effect in intestine.Conclusion Chitosan-alginate microcapsules have the potential to be used to prepare interferon tau and other protein medicines.

Objective To investigate the values of ASAS-endorsed disease activity score (ASDAS) and routine assessment of patient index data 3 (RAPID3) in assessing disease activity of patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in China. Methods Questionnaires were used to obtain the general information and disease activity of 82 AS patients; and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured in the venous blood samples. Correlation analysis and kappa consistency test were used to compare the value of traditional measures for assessing disease activity of AS including Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index (BASDAI) with the new measures including ASDAS and RAPID3. Results ASDAS-CRP and RAPID3 had a good consistency in assessing AS activity (kappa value: 0.788), but both of them had poor consistency with BASDAI (kappa values: 0.342, 0.367). BASDAI, ASDAS and RAPID3 were well correlated with doctor global assessment (DOCGL) and patient global assessment (PATGL), and ASDAS and RAPID3 had stronger correlation with DOCGL and PATGL than BASDAI did (the r values of ASDAS-CRP, ASDAS-ESR, RAPID3, and BASDAI with DOCGL were 0.684, 0.720, 0.642 and 0.576; and those with PATGL were 0.822, 0.816, 0.851 and 0.725, respectively). Conclusion ASDAS is superior to BASDAI in assessing the disease activity of AS, making it a new promising index for evaluating disease activity and worth promoting. RAPID3 is convenient, simple, and independent to laboratory findings, and it has a good reliability and validity in evaluating disease activity of AS.

OBJECTIVE:To study antibacterial activities of meropenem(MPN)combined with cefoperazone sulbactam(SCF) to 3 kinds of multidrug resistance (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria. METHODS:Each 50 strains of MDR-Escherichia coli (MDR-EC),MDR-Klebsiella pneumoniae (MDR-KPN) and MDR-Acinetobacter baumannii (MDR-AB) were isolated from spu-tum,blood,urine,ascites or drainage specimens of patients during Jan. to Dec. in 2016 from the affilidated hospital of Taishan medical university. The agar dilution method and board method were used to determine MIC50,MIC90 and MICG of MPN,SCF, MPN+SCF to MDR-EC,MDR-KPN,MDR-AB and calculate fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC). Drug sensitivity test was conducted by K-B disk method. RESULTS:In terms of the MICG to MDR-EC,MDR-KPN,MDR-AB,MPN alone were respec-tively 36.82,82.45,34.32 μg/mL;SCF alone were respectively 42.14,112.67,24.11 μg/mL;MPN combined with SCF were re-spectively 25.97,56.64,11.36 μg/mL. In terms of MICG to MDR-EC,MDR-KPN,MICG showed that MPN+SCF0-0.5 (78.00%),>0-0.5(72.00%),>0.5-1.0 (82.00%). CONCLUSIONS:MPN combined with SCF can effectively improve antibacterial activities to MDR Gram-negative bac-teria as MDR-EC,MDR-KPN,MDR-AB. MPN combined with SCF has synergistic effects.

Objective: To compare the prompt fixation strength and antifatigue strength of the locking and non-locking anterior cervical plating systems. Methods:AO Cervical Spine Locking Plate (CSLP), Danek Orion plate and AcroMed Acroplate were used on the lamb cervical spines. The CSLP and Orion were tested with screws locked and unlocked, and the Acroplate with unicortical and bicortical purchase. The fixation strength and pull-off strength of the screw-plate constructs were performed initially and after fatigue. Results: Locked CSLP and Orion constructs were more rigid than all unlocked unicortical systems initially and after cyclic loading. After fatigue testing, the strength of all unlocked constructs decreased significantly. There was no significant difference in pull-off strength between the CSLP, the Orion and the unicortical Acroplate. Conclusion: The locking mechanism significantly increases the prompt fixation strength and antifatigue strength of the tested screw-plate systems.

Objective: To explore the application value of quantitative evaluation on liver function in patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis based on texture features of liver parenchyma from high frequency ultrasound images. Methods: Two-dimensional high-frequency ultrasonograms of liver parenchyma in 95 patients with different levels of liver function (37 cases in Child-Pugh A group, 33 in Child-Pugh B group and 25 cases in Child-Pugh C group) and 21 healthy volunteers (control group) were collected. Based on the idea of machine learning, the defect detection method of computer technology was used to locate the defect in liver parenchyma images, and the defect maps of liver parenchyma were obtained. Then three parameters, i.e. the maximum number per unit area of defect maps x(D), the mean value of defect maps mean (D) and the entropy of defect maps ε(D) were extracted. The differences of three parameters among different groups were compared. Results: There were significant differences of x(D), mean (D) and ε(D) among 4 groups (all P<0.001). The value of x(D) and mean (D) in Child-Pugh A group, B group and C group were higher than those in control group (all P<0.05). The value of mean (D) in Child-Pugh A group and Child-Pugh B group were higher than that in control group (both P<0.05). The value of mena (D) and ε(D) in Child-Pugh B group were higher than those in Child-Pugh C group (both P<0.05). Conclusion: Texture features analysis of liver parenchyma based on high-frequency ultrasonic images can accurately assess liver cirrhosis with Child-Pugh A and Child-Pugh B, while the evaluation of liver cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C still needs to combine with other features of the liver.

Objective To investigate the influence of metformin on AMP-activated Protein Kinasea2 (AMPKαa2) expression in adipose tissue and oxidative stress indices in diabetic rats, so as to understand the possible mechanism of metformin in improving blood glucose control, oxidative stress and insulin-resistance. Methods Totally 32 male SD rats were randomly divided into normal control (NC) group (n=12), model (T2DM) group (n=10) and metformin group (n = 10). Rat model of T2DM was established by high fat/high glucose diet (one month) and intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (30 mg/kg). Animals in the metformin group were given 50 mg/(kg • d) (i. g.), and those in the other two groups were given same dose of 0. 5% HPMC solution. The body masses of rats were determined before and after treatment. The fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting insulin (FINS), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG), malonaldehyde (MDA), myeloperoxidase (MPO), monoamine oxidase (MAO), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) levels were measured by ELISA and Biochemical Analyzer; the ratio of fat to body weight and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated. RT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression of AMPK a2 mRNA in the adipose tissues. Results Compared with DM group, metformin group had significantly higher AMPK α2 mRNA expression, serum GSH, SOD, ISI and HDL, and significantly lower serum FINS, FBG, NAG, MDA, MPO, MAO, TC, TG and LDL (P<0. 05). Conclusion Metformin can increase AMPK a2 expression in the adipose tissue of diabetic rats, regulate glucose metabolism, and improve insulin sensitivity and oxidative stress.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of salvianolate against bile duct injury after donation after cardiac death (DCD) liver transplantation and its clinical application prospect. Methods Sixty recipients of DCD liver transplantation were randomly divided into two groups with 30 cases in each group. Salvianolate (250mg/d) was given daily for 14 days after operation in treatment group, and the same amount of normal saline was given in control group. The therapeutic regimen of anti-rejection and anti-infection is the same between the two groups. The incidence of early graft dysfunction (EAD), and the serous levels of total bilirubin (TB), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), total bile acid (TBA) 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after liver transplantation were compared between the two groups. Also, the platelets (PLT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial prothrombin time (APTT) and fibrinogen (FIB) were compared between the two groups at 2 weeks after operation. Results There was no significant difference in baseline parameters between the two groups (P>0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence of EAD was decreased in treatment group, but there was no significant difference [10.0%(3/30) vs. 23.3%(7/30), P=0.166]. The serous levels of TB, ALP, GGT and TBA in treatment group were lower than those in control group 1 month, 6 months and 12 months after operation: [TB: 1 month, (28.5±17.0)μmol/L vs. (39.8±20.1)μmol/L, P=0.025; 6 months, (24.5±10.6)μmol/L vs. (33.3±16.4) μmol/L, P=0.018; 12 months, (19.8±9.5)μmol/L vs. (26.4±14.1)μmol/L, P=0.037, ALP: 1 month, (147.3±76.9)U/L vs. (187.6±70.9)U/L, P=0.039; 6 months, (163.0±61.4)U/L vs. (198.1±51.6)U/L, P=0.020; 12 months, (167.9±59.9)U/L vs. (200.2±56.2)U/L, P=0.036, GGT: 1 month, (83.9±49.5)U/L vs. (113.6±61.1)U/L, P=0.043; 6 months, (130.9±48.7)U/L vs. (169.7±77.0)U/L, P=0.023; 12 months, (154.7±45.1)U/L vs. (182.5±59.8)U/L, P=0.047, TBA: 1 month, (6.6±2.1)μmol/L vs. (8.0±2.4)μmol/L, P=0.016; 6 months, (9.5±2.2)μmol/L vs. (12.1±3.4)μmol/L, P=0.001; 12 months, (12.5±2.7)μmol/L vs. (5.6±3.8)μmol/L, P=0.001]. However, there was no significant difference in PLT, PT, APTT and FIB between two groups [PLT: (148.6±88.6)×109/L vs. (152.8±74.4)×109/L, P=0.843; PT: (12.9±1.1)s vs. (13.0±1.1)s, P=0.617; APTT: (34.6±3.7)s vs. (34.9±3.4)s, P=0.716; FIB: (3.4±0.6)g/L vs. (3.2±0.6)g/L, P=0.270, repectively]. Conclusions Salvianolate has a protective effect against bile duct injury after DCD liver transplantation, and does not increase the risk of postoperative bleeding.

“Ark Peace” is a modern hospital ship for marine medical rescue, and is taken as “the tertiary academic hospital floating on the sea”. It plays an important role in the ocean-going medical support and military diplomacy of the Chinese Navy. Ultrasound diagnosis, as an indispensable part of hospital ship, provides a solid guarantee for medical services. We summarized our experience on the equipment configuration, staff preparation, reporting system improvement, quality control management and introduction of new technologies on hospital ship during “Mission Harmony-2017” task, and put forward some suggestions for improving the comprehensive diagnosis and medical treatment ability and carrying out diversified military tasks in the future.

Objective To establish and improve the abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation model in mice, so as to provide references for the research on organ transplantation immunology. Methods C57BL/6 mice were selected as donors and recipients for syngeneic cardiac transplantation and recipients for allogeneic cardiac transplantation; BALB/c mice were selected as donors for allogeneic cardiac transplantation. The ascending aorta and pulmonary artery of the heart of the donors were end-to-side anastomosed with the abdominal aorta and inferior vena cava of the recipients, respectively, to establish abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation models in mice. Furthermore, the techniques of preparing recipient heart before implantation, extracting and preparing donor heart, and vascular anastomosis were improved, and the surgical results and advantages were observed and analyzed. Results Preliminary experiments were performed on 50 pairs of mice. For formal experiments, syngeneic cardiac transplantation was performed on 20 pairs and the success rate was 85.0% (17/20); allogeneic cardiac transplantation was performed on 15 pairs and the success rate was 86.7% (13/15). The total success rate of abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation was 85.7% (30/35). The average time for preparing recipient before vascular anastomosis was (11.2±2.5) min, the average time for extracting and preparing donor heart was (13.6±3.3) min, and the average time for vascular anastomosis was (21.7±3.5) min. Conclusion The improved abdominal heterotopic heart transplantation model in mouse has the advantages of easy-to-perform and high success rate, which lays a foundation for the further study of transplantation immunology.

Objective To compare the clinical efficacies of 3D and 2D laparoscopic partial nephrectomy for renal tumors and to investigate the pros and cons of 3D laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 134 patients with renal tumors; they underwent laparoscopic partial nephrectomy between Aug. 2013 and Mar. 2016 by the same surgical group in Changhai Hospital and Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University. Fifty-three cases were included in the 3D laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group and 81 cases in the 2D laparoscopic partial nephrectomy group. The perioperative and follow-up data subjected to comparison and analysis included operative time, estimated blood loss, intraoperative transfusion, warm ischemic time, recovery time of bowel function, length of hospitalization, perioperative complications, and pre- and post-operative glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Results All operation procedures of this study were completed uneventfully without conversion to open surgery or radical nephrectomy, and surgical margins were negative in all cases. The operative time ([193.40±45.14] vs [217.00±59.19] min, P = 0.015), warm ischemic time ([23.70±6.96] vs [26.60±8.10] min, P = 0.032) and decrease of GFR of the operated kidney ([12.70 + 6.49] vs [15. 10 + 6. 45] mL • min-1 • 1. 73 m2, P = 0. 036) in the 3D group were significantly improved compared with those in the 2D group. However, the estimated blood loss, intraoperative transfusion, recovery time of bowtt function, length of hospitalization and perioperative complications were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0. 05). Att the patients with complications were discharged from the hospitat after conservative therapy. During a follow-up of 1-32 months, no patients had acute or chronic renat failure, local recurrence or distant metastasis, and there was no death case. Conclusion Compared with 2D laparoscopic partial nephrectomy, 3D laparoscopic technology can reduce operative time and warm ischemic time, which can help to better conserve renal function.