Body composition measurement could significantly facilitate evaluating the content of various body components,getting information about the health status and assessing the diagnosis,treatment,test,and prognosis of several diseases.Human health will be seriously affected by the imbalance of body composition.Body composition measurement methods are generally divided into local measurement methods and general measurement methods.The former ones include skinfold thickness measurement,ultrasonic measurement,computed tomography and nuclear magnetic resonance measurement;while the latter ones include anthropometry,underwater weighing measurement,air displacement measurement,biological resistance measurement,near infrared absorption measurement,dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measurement,isotope dilution measurement,potassium isotope measurement and three-dimensional body scanning measurement,etc.This article reviews a variety of body composition measurement methods and their clinical application.

Objective To investigate the risk factors of reoperation in patients with Crohn's disease recurrence.Methods The clinical data of 108 patients with Crohn's disease who were admitted to the Peking Union Medical College Hospital from March 2004 to September 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Of the 108 patients,82 received single operation and 26 received reoperation.Twenty-five factors which might influence the reoperation were analyzed,which were gender,age,blood type,preoperative levels of white blood cells,neutrophils,lymphocytes hemoglobin,albumin,prealbumin,high sensitive-C reactive protein (hs-CRP),anti-saccharomyces cerevisiae antibody (ASCA),anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA),location and type of the lesions,extraintestinal manifestation,perianal lesions,history of smoking,appendectomy,course of the disease before the first operation,pre-operative administration of immunosuppressants,body mass index (BMI) before the first operation,onodera prognostic nutrition index (OPNI),enteral nutrition,emergent operation,complications after the first operation.The univariate analysis was done using the chi-square test or Fisher exact probability,and the multivariate analysis was done using the Logistic regression model.Results The results of univariate analysis showed that the level of preoperative prealbumin,hs-CRP,location and type of the lesion,the history of smoking,preoperative administration of immunosuppressants,enteral nutrition before the first operation were the risk factors of reoperation in patients with Crohn's disease (x2=5.928,4.805,7.491,12.363,5.229,9.026,16.506,P ＜ 0.05).The results of multivariate analysis showed that the lesion located at the ileocolon,administration of immunosuppressants prior to the first operation for 1 year and energy provided by enteral nutrition under 500 kcal/d before the first operation were the independent risk factors of reoperation (OR =1.908,3.535,5.489,95％ confidence interval:1.035-3.518,1.087-11.494,1.816-16.590,P＜0.05).Conclusions Patients with lesions located at the ileocolon,administration of immunosuppresants prior to the first operation for 1 year and energy provided by enteral nutrition under 500 kcal before the first operation have higher risk of Crohn's disease recurrence and reoperation.

BACKGROUND: The immature dendritic cell (imDC) can induce immunological tolerance and has widely application in the field of organ transplant. At present, the methods of inducing imDC are insufficient, so the new induction method is demanding.OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of sodium butyrate (SB) on the maturation and immunological function of human peripheral blood-derived imDC.DESIGN: Controlled observation and in vitro cytological trial.SETTING: Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University.MATERIALS: Five samples of human peripheral blood were obtained from the healthy volunteers (aged 20-23 years) of Sun Yat-sen University, totally 500 mL. Then peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and lymphocytes were isolated within 2 hours.METHODS: The experiment was carried out in the Medical Research Center of the Second Hospital Affiliated to Sun (1 mmol/L) was added for induction, while those supplemented with maturation promoting factor lipopolysaccharide (LPS)the beginning of induction, while LPS was added on the sixth day for second stimulation.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cell morphological change, flow cytometry was used to detect DC phenotype,FITC-labeled Dextran was used to detect the endocytosis of DC, the production of IL-12 was determined by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the proliferation of lymphocyte induced by DC was assayed with mixed lymphocyte reaction.expressions of CD80, CD83 and HLA-DR were significantly lower in the imDC of routine induction group following SB maturity promoting, compared with LPS group (P＜0.01). On the sixth day, LPS was added into the SB-induced imDC,Endocytosis of DC: The imDC of routine induction group possessed a significantly lower endocytic activity after induced by LPS, and there were extremely significant differences compared with blank control group and SB maturation Production of IL-12: The production of IL-12 in the mDC induced by LPS was significantly higher than that in control group, SB maturation promoting group and SB induction group, the mDC induced by LPS in routine induction group stimulated significantly stronger proliferation of lymphocyte (P＜0.01).

AIM: To investigate the immunological function of sodium butyrate-induced immature dendritic cells in vitro.METHODS: The human monocyte-derived dendritic cells were induced in the presence of human granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor(GM-CSF) and interleukin-4 (IL-4), combined with sodium butyrate. The immunological function of sodium butyrate-induced dendritic cells was detected by the FCM, endocytic activity, T cells stimulatory proliferation capacity, and interleukin-12 (IL-12) production.RESULTS: Sodium butyrate could down-regulate the major histocompatibility complex(MHC) class II and costimulatory molecules of dendritic cells, increase the endocytic activity, induce a stage of T-cell anergey, and inhibit the T helper cell type 1-skewing factor IL-12 production. CONCLUSION: Sodium butyrate inhibits the maturation of dendritic cells and induces production of immature dendritic cells, which may help to explore the machenism of its epigenitic modification.

Objective To calculate the electric field intensity and transmembrane voltage of spherical cells and ellipsoi -dal red blood cells ( RBC) in an extremely low frequency electromagnetic field .Through this calculation , we can provide reference to the search for interaction targets and mechanics between the extremely low frequency electromagnetic field and organisms.Methods The Finite Element Method was used in the numerical computation for the spherical cell model and the ellipsoidal RBC model .Results The electric field intensity of the two types of cells on the cellular membrane was both significantly higher than the applied electric field strength , and the values of the induced field strength and transmembrane voltage varied with the direction of the electric field periodically .Conclusion The cell shape and direction of the applied electric field are not the main determinants of the cellular membrane electric field intensity and the transmembrane voltage compared with electromagnetic parameters .The distribution of the electric field intensity and transmembrane voltage are re-lated to the direction of the applied electric field.

Objective To investigate the detection rate,epidemiology and resistance mechanism of methicil-lin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA)in a hospital in recent 5 years.Methods A total of 762 strains of non repetitive Staphylococcus aureus detected from 2016 to 2020 in a hospital were collected retrospectively.Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus(MSSA)was 392 strains(MSSA group)and 370 strains caused by MRSA(MRSA group),and 95 strains of MRSA isolated in 2020 were further used for resistance mechanism.Staphylococcus aureus was identified and tested for drug sensitivity by Vitek 2 automatic microbial system.Molecular epidemiological typing was determined by multilocus sequence typing.The biofilm formation was performed by crystal violet staining.PCR amplification was used to detect drug resistance genes,virulence genes and biofilm related genes,and logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the independent risk factors of its occurrence.Results The detection rate of MRSA in past five years was 48.56％,mainly was from pus samples and secretion samples(38.38％,33.51％respectively).MRSA was found in the general sur-gery(18.65％)and otorhinolaryngology(12.70％).ST88 was the most common multilocus sequence typing(37.89％),and followed by ST951(24.21％).Moderate biofilm formation was the most common,accounting for 74.73％.Multivariate regression analysis showed that compared with MSSA group,hypoproteinemia,en-docrine system diseases,wound infection and history of antibiotic use within six months were the independent risk factors for infection in MRSA group.Compared with the control group,hospital transfer,wound infection and tumor were independent risk factors for infection in MRSA group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The detection rate of MRSA in a hospital is high,and the carrying rate of various drug-resistant genes is high.The hospital should pay attention to the prevalence of MRSA and related risk factors,so as to prevent it early.

Eighty samples of Epimedium from 29 species and were determined in this study. The content of magnoflorine in leaves range between 0. 003% and 2. 603%. The results showed that the content of magnoflorine was quite stable within species except E. wushanense, E. acuminatum, E. hunanense. Genetic factors might be the main influencing ones. The contents of different parts and different collecting time of the medicinal materials were variable.
Aporphines ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Breeding ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Environment ; Epimedium ; chemistry ; classification ; metabolism ; Plant Leaves ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Species Specificity ; Tissue Distribution

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the impact and mechanisms of emodin on oxidative stress response in lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced murine mononuclear macrophages(RAW264.7).Methods Involved the use of LPS,RAW264.7 cells,and emodin.Experimental groups included a control group,LPS(1 μg/mL)group,and LPS(1 μg/mL)+emodin(15 μmmol/L)pretreatment group.Aldehyde malondialdehyde(MDA)content,intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS)levels,and silent information regulator 2(Sirt2)expression were evaluated at 6,12,and 18 hours after LPS exposure.Additionally,RAW264.7 cells were pretreated with Sirt2 inhibitor AGK2(20 μmol/L)followed by LPS stimulation,and the above-mentioned parameters were assessed at 6 hours.Results Compared to the control group,MDA content,ROS levels,Sirt2 mRNA,and protein expression in RAW264.7 cells in the LPS group increased at all time points(all P<0.05).At 6 and 18 hours,MDA content and ROS levels in RAW264.7 cells in the LPS+emodin group decreased significantly(all P<0.05),while at 12 hours,ROS levels were lower in the LPS group compared to the LPS+emodin group(P<0.05).Sirt2 mRNA and protein levels significantly increased at all time points(all P<0.05)compared to the LPS group.In the LPS+emodin+AGK2 group,Sirt2 mRNA and protein levels decreased,and MDA content and ROS levels increased compared to the LPS+emodin group(all P<0.05).Conclusion LPS-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells and emodin attenuate LPS-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7 cells through Sirt2.

Objective:To explore the effects of ultra-high dose rate pulsed electron beams on Caenorhabditis elegans ( C. elegans). Methods:The adult wild-type strain (N2) of C. elegans was synchronized and cultured to L4 stage, and then randomly divided into control group (SHAM group), conventional radiotherapy dose rate group (CONV group) and ultra-high dose rate radiation group (UHDR group). The CONV and UHDR groups were exposed to 3 Gy of the pulsed electron beam at dose rates of 0.3 and 200 Gy/s, respectively. After irradiation, the egg-laying capacity of each group was assessed, and the developmental progress, motility, and survival rates each were evaluated at day 3, 6, and 10. Results:On the 3 rd day post-irradiation, both the CONV and UHDR groups showed shorter body lengths compared to the SHAM group ( t=4.81, 4.83, P<0.05), with no significant differences in body width ( P>0.05). On the 6 th and 10 th days, the CONV group showed a significant reduction in both body length and width compared to the SHAM group ( t=3.18-3.63, P<0.05), whereas the UHDR group displayed a significant increase in body length ( t=-9.85, -2.87, P<0.05) with no significant change in body width. When comparing the UHDR group to the CONV group on day 6 and 10, a significant increase in body width was observed ( t=-4.43, -3.37, P<0.05). Motor activity, including head swinging and body bending, significantly decreased in the CONV and UHDR groups compared to the SHAM group on day 6 ( t=2.91, 3.52, 3.97, 2.71, P<0.05), with no significant differences among the three groups by day 10 ( P>0.05). Egg-laying capacity significantly reduced in both irradiated groups compared to the SHAM group ( t=1.72, 5.54, P<0.05), while the UHDR group exhibited higher fecundity than the CONV group ( t=-5.99, P<0.05). Lifespan was significantly shortened in the CONV group compared to the SHAM group ( χ2=8.49, P<0.05), whereas the survival time of the UHDR group was not significantly differ from that of the SHAM group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:Exposure to a conventional electron beam result in developmental delays, reduced mobility, decreased fecundity, and a shortened lifespan in C. elegans. However, only slight side effects were observed when C. elegans were exposed to an ultra-high dose rate pulsed electron beam at the same dosage.

With the rapid aging of the global population posing a serious problem, frailty, a non-specific state that reflects physiological senescence rather than aging in time, has become more widely addressed by researchers in various medical fields. A high prevalence of frailty is found among kidney transplant (KT) candidates and recipients. Therefore, their frailty has become a research hotspot in the field of transplantation. However, current studies mainly focus on the cross-sectional survey of the incidence of frailty among KT candidates and recipients and the relationship between frailty and transplantation. Research on the pathogenesis and intervention is scattered, and relevant review literature is scarce. Exploring the pathogenesis of frailty in KT candidates and recipients and determining effective intervention measures may reduce waiting list mortality and improve the long-term quality of life of KT recipients. Therefore, this review explains the pathogenesis and intervention measures for frailty in KT candidates and recipients to provide a reference for the formulation of effective intervention strategies.
Humans ; Frailty/epidemiology* ; Risk Factors ; Quality of Life ; Kidney Failure, Chronic ; Kidney Transplantation/adverse effects* ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Transplant Recipients