Objective To report a method for preparation of saturated oligosaccharides from al- ginate. Methods The alginate was degraded by acid hydrolysis, followed by fractionation at pH 2.85 resulting in the homopolyguluronic acids (PG) and homopolymannuronic acids (PM). The alginate-derived homopolymers were further degraded by acid hydrolysis at pH 3.8, 120 ℃ for 3 h, and at pH 4, 120 ℃ for 4 h, respectively. The resulted acidic hydrolysates were separated by gel permeation chromatography to get oligosaccharide fractions, and the oligosaccharides were obtaind by repeated purification on gel chromatography. The structures of the oligosaccharides were characterized by analyses of infra-red spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR), and mass spectrometry (MS). Results It was showed that the derived oligosaccharides were in saturated structures with the same structure characteristics as the original alginate macromolecule. Conclusion The method des cribed in this paper is a effective and convenient approach for the preparation of low-molecular-weight oligosaccharides from alginate.

Objective To investigate the effect of umbilical cord blood monocytes(UCBMC) transplantation in neonatal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) on rat astrocyte proliferation and its correlation with bone morphogenetic protein(BMP) 4.Methods Forty 7-day-old SD rats with the random number table,were divided into normal control(CON) group,hypoxic-ischemic(HI) group,normal(N) + UCBMC group,HI + UCBMC group,10 rats in each group.HIBD model was prepared according to the Rice method.Twenty-four hours after hypoxia,the UCBMC group and HI + UCBMC group were injected with 3 × 106 UCBMC via the lateral ventricle.Seven days after transplantation,changes in the number of neurons were observed by Nissl staining;the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) was observed by Western blot;the astrocyte proliferation was observed by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)/GFAP,BMP4/GFAP immunofluorescence double staining,and their correlation was analyzed.Results Nissl staining showed that the neurons at cerebral cortex and hippocamp were irregularly arranged and decreased in the HI group,and the number of Nissl-stained cells were significantly less than that in the CON group(tcortex =26.54,thippocamp =32.26,all P ＜0.05) ;but the Nissl-stained cells were well arranged in the HI + UCBMC group and more Nissl-stained cells were observed as compared with the HI group (tcortex =10.18,thippocamp =12.56,all P ＜ 0.05) ; Western blot showed that the expression of GFAP in the HI group was significantly higher than that in CON group(t =5.50,P ＜ 0.05) ;but the expression of GFAP in the HI + UCBMC group was significantly lower than that in the HI group (t =3.04,P ＜ 0.05) ; immunofluorescence double staining showed that there were more PCNA + GFAP + cells in the HI group compared with the CON group(t =10.39,P ＜ 0.05),but fewer PCNA + GFAP + cells were observed in the HI + UCBMC group than those in the HI group(t =3.72,P ＜ 0.05).And there were more BMP4 + cells in the HI group compared with the CON group (t =5.52,P ＜ 0.05),but fewer BMP4 + cells were observed in the HI + UCBMC group than those in the HI group(t =2.33,P ＜0.05).The fluorescence intensity of GFAP were correlated with that of BMP4 in HI + UCBMC group (r =0.84,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions UCBMC transplantation can decrease the proliferation of the astrocytes,thus promote brain damage repair and its mechanism might be collected with the decreased expression of BMP4.

Objective:To explore the effect of improving oral care based on cluster management in ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP).Methods:Totally 126 VAP patients from February 2019 to February 2020 in our hospital were selected. The patients admitted from February 2019 to August 2019 were the control group, and the patients from September 2019 to February 2020 were the observation group, 63 cases in each group. The control group was treated with cluster nursing, and the observation group was treated with cluster nursing with improved oral care. The EICU hospitalization time, mechanical ventilation time, plaque index, pathogen infection, oral cleaning score, oral bleeding ulcer and aspiration were compared between the two groups.Results:After nursing, the EICU hospitalization time and mechanical ventilation time in the observation group were (18.34±4.15), (8.56±2.14) days, which were shorter than (23.56±4.82), (12.04±3.10) days in the control group ( t value was -6.514, -7.333, P<0.05). During the nursing process, the incidence of bleeding ulcer and aspiration in the observation group were 12.70% (8/63), 6.35% (4/63), which were lower than 30.16% (19/63), 20.63% (13/63) in the control group ( χ 2 values were 5.704, 5.508, P<0.05). After nursing, the plaque index of the two groups was lower than that before nursing ( t values were 12.516, 6.654, P<0.05), and the plaque index of the observation group was lower than that of the control group ( t value was -6.860, P<0.05). During the nursing process, the incidence of pathogenic bacteria infection in the observation group was 28.57% (18/63), which was lower than 49.21% (31/63) in the control group ( χ 2 value was 5.644, P<0.05). After nursing, the oral cleaning score of the two groups was lower than that before nursing ( t values were 11.118, 6.240, P<0.05), and the score of the observation group was (14.38±3.60) points, which was lower than (18.20±4.11) points of the control group ( t value was -5.549, P<0.05). Conclusion:Auricular pressure therapy can effectively improve the constipation symptoms, shorten the time required to take effect for the main symptoms, and improve the quality of life of schizophrenic patients.

The continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) has been clinically applied to monitor the dynamic change of the subcutaneous interstitial glucose concentration which is a function of the blood glucose level by glucose sensors. It can track blood glucose levels all day along, and thus provide comprehensive and reliable information about blood glucose dynamics. The clinical application of CGMS enables monitoring of blood glucose fluctuations and the discovery of hidden hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia that are difficult to be detected by traditional methods. As a CGMS needs to work subcutaneously for a long time, a series of factors such as biocompatibility, enzyme inactivation, oxygen deficiency, foreign body reaction, implant size, electrode flexibility, error correction, comfort, device toxicity, electrical safety, et al. should be considered beforehand. The study focused on the difficulties in the technology, and compared the products of Abbott, Medtronic and DexCom, then summarized their cutting-edge. Finally, this study expounded some key technologies in dynamic blood glucose monitoring and therefore can be utilized as a reference for the development of CGMS.
Blood Glucose ; Blood Glucose Self-Monitoring/methods* ; Humans ; Hyperglycemia ; Hypoglycemia ; Monitoring, Ambulatory/methods* ; Monitoring, Physiologic