Objective:To evaluate the cleaning ability of Er∶YAG laser against Enterococcus faecalis in root canals.Methods:The single-rooted human teeth were sterilized and inoculated with Enterococcusfaecalis and were randomly assigned into 2 groups.A group of teeth was irrigated with saline during root canal preparation while another group with NaClO.After mechanical preparation,the two groups were randomly divided into 3 subgroups according to the different treatments:Samples,laser radiation,and calcium hydroxide intracanal medication for 7 days.Bactericical effects were compared among groups.Root canal walls and dental tubules were observed under scanning electron microscope.Results:Er∶YAG laser was the most efficient way for anti-bacteria among the groups (P＜0.05),but there was no significant difference between the 2 laser groups (P＞0.05).Meanwhile the smear laser was efficiently removed by laser compared with other treatments,and the laser could open the dentinal tubules.Conclusion:Er∶YAG laser can be effectively used for root canal disinfection without NaClO and Ca(OH)2.

Objective To investigate the epidemiological situation and the mode of inheritance of ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods The AS prevalence investigation was carried out from three different areas in Shandong Province to investigate the incidence of the 80 patients' family members of sick group and calculate the heritability of AS.Results After the investigation and calculation we found the incidence of primary relatives was 7.23％,the heritability was 85.94％,the incidence of secondary relatives was 0.94％ and the heritability was 57.4％,the incidence of thirdly relatives was 0.39％,the heritability is 36.2％,the average heritability among primary,secondary and thirdly was 68.47％ ± 1.64％.Separation ratio was 0.088 9.Conclusion AS is a polygenic disease,its average heritability was 68.47％ ± 1.64％ and separation ratio is 0.088 9.By this research,the incidence risk of AS patients' pedigree offspring can be assessed,then strengthen protective factors to reduce the incidence of the disease to provide the basis for eugenics.

Objective: To evaluate the mechanism of T follicular helper cells ( Tfh ) in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) via in vivo experiments. Methods:C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into four groups,CFA group,EAE group,anti-ICOSL group and control group. Lymphocytes of different time points isolated from draining lymph nodes and spleen were stained for T follicular helper cells surface marker and T cells activation surface marker and analyzed by FACS. Observed parameters include inflammatory infiltration,demyelination in spinal cord and germinal center in spleen. ELISA was used to measure the level of antigen specific antibodies. Results: Mice in anti-ICOSL treated group developed mild disease was with lower clinical scores when compared with the EAE group. HE staining results turned out with alleviated inflammation and Luxol Fast Blue staining( LFB) showed no demyelization in anti-ICOSL treated mice compared with non-treated EAE models. Flow cytometry results revealed that percentages of T follicular helper cells decreased though the whole activated degree T cells was not influenced in anti-ICOSL treated group. Fewer ger minal center was found in both anti-ICOSL group and CFA group with reduced secretion of MOG-specific Ab. Conclusion:T follicular helper cells supported the development of cognate B cells,promoted the formation of germinal center,facilitate pathogenic MOG-specific Ab secretion,thus enhance EAE.

Experience mode of marine medicine (EMMM) is the summary of experiences on marine medicine con-cluded by ancient doctors for thousands of years. The mining of EMMM is very important for the clinic application and development of marine medicine. However, these experiences are very difficult to discover for they are all scat-tered in the large number of ancient documents. We proposed that the EMMM can be built by the procedure of in-formation of ancient documents, text-mining of ancient documents, and associate network of informatics unit of ma-rine medicine by non-interactive literature-based knowledge discovery methods, and expert evaluation at the end, so as to provide database for the clinic application and further development of marine medicine.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents of gorgonian Muriceides collaris. Methods The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column,Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and HPLC. Their chemical structures were identified by physicochemical analysis,spectroscopic analysis,and comparison with the data of literatures. Results From the CH3OH soluble extract of Muriceides collaris,nine compounds were isolated,and their structures were determined as cholesterol (1),batyl alcohol (2),benzoic acid (3),uracil (4),thymine (5),2'-deoxyuridine (6),2'-deoxythymidine (7),thymidine (8) and 2'-deoxyadenosine (9),respectively. Conclusion All compounds were obtained from the species Muriceides collaris for the first time.

We analyzed the final test paper of Endodontics among the 2001th grade students of the seven-year-educational mode in our university.The results indicate that the test paper has standard form,reasonable distribution of content,moderate quantity of questions and comprehensive test items.showing that most students mastered the basic principles and knowledge of this course,reflecting satisfactory teaching effect.

In order to improve the accuracy of blood pressure measurement in wearable devices, this paper presents a method for detecting blood pressure based on multiple parameters of pulse wave. Based on regression analysis between blood pressure and the characteristic parameters of pulse wave, such as the pulse wave transit time (PWTT), cardiac output, coefficient of pulse wave, the average slope of the ascending branch, heart rate, etc. we established a model to calculate blood pressure. For overcoming the application deficiencies caused by measuring ECG in wearable device, such as replacing electrodes and ECG lead sets which are not convenient, we calculated the PWTT with heart sound as reference (PWTT(PCG)). We experimentally verified the detection of blood pressure based on PWTT(PCG) and based on multiple parameters of pulse wave. The experiment results showed that it was feasible to calculate the PWTT from PWTT(PCG). The mean measurement error of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure calculated by the model based on multiple parameters of pulse wave is 1.62 mm Hg and 1.12 mm Hg, increased by 57% and 53% compared to those of the model based on simple parameter. This method has more measurement accuracy.
Blood Pressure ; Blood Pressure Monitoring, Ambulatory ; Cardiac Output ; Electrocardiography ; Heart Rate ; Heart Sounds ; Humans ; Pulse Wave Analysis ; Regression Analysis

AIM:To study the effects and mechanism of recombinant human defensin ?1 on cell proliferation in cultured rat glomerular mesangial cells.METHODS:The influences of defensin ?1 at various concentrations on rat 1097 mesangial cell line cultured in vitro were evaluated with MTT assay.The different concentrations of U0126,signal-regulated protein kinase(MEK)inhibitor,were added into the culture mediums of mesangial cells to do blocking test.Incubated with a final concentration of 3 mg/L defensin ?1,the phosphorylation of extracellular signal regulated kinase(ERK)1/2 and type IV collagen of mesangial cells in different times were evaluated by Western blotting.RESULTS:Defensin ?1 at 3-20 mg/L enhanced proliferation of rat glomerular mesangial cells.The incubation times for the maximum effect on proliferation was 12 h(P20 mg/L decreased cell proliferation.The cell proliferation induced by defensin ?1 was inhibited by U0126.Stimulation of the cells with defensin ?1 at concentration of 3 mg/L for 5 minutes induced a maximum effect on a ratio of phosphorylation of ERK1/2 to total ERK.After 12 h incubation with defensin ?1,an increase in type IV collagen was observed by Western blotting and continued to increase at 24 h and 48 h(P

Objective To investigate hypolipemic treatment of hyperlipidemic panereatiti(HLP)with integrated traditional Chinese and western medicine.Methods Cinical data of 20 patients of HLP were analyzed retrospectively.Eight patients in the control group were treated with conventional therapies,while 12 patients in the treatment group were treated as follows:①Enema with 180ml solution(50% magnesium sulfate 30 ml.Glycerin 60ml,water 90ml).②Rhubarb gastrogavage with 9 g tid.③Intravenous drip with 24 g salvia miltiorrhiza qd.Results The treatment group had significant difference comparing with the control group in terms of the serum TG in 48 hours(P<0.01),time of autonomous bowel movement recover(P<0.01),days of abdominal pain disappear(P<0.05),days of hospitalization(P<0.01).Conclusion The treatment of Enema with 180 ml solution.Rhubarb gastrogavage with 9g tid,and Intravenous drip with 24 g salvia miltiorrhiza qd can relieve the symptoms of HLP and decrease blood-fat greatly.

Objective To investigate the changes in the serum MMP-9 (matrix metalloproteinase-9) and the expressions of MMP-9 in lung, kidney and intestine in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and confirm extracellular matrix injuries being the mechanism in MODS in order to propose a novel theoretical basis for cfinical treatment of MODS. Method Forty wister rats were randomly divided into two groups: control group (n=8) and MODS model group (n=32). The rats of model group were further divided into four subgroups ac-cordingto the time elapsed after modelling: 12 h (n=8), 24 h(n=8) ,48 h(n=8) and 72 h (n=8), and were modelled by celiac injection of mixed liquid of zymosan-paraffin (4 mL/100 g) after blood loss (1mL/100 g) by extirpating their left eyes. Blood,lung, kidney and intestine were sampled 12,24,48 and 72 hours after models were established. The histological changes in the lung, kidney and intestine of the rats were observed by light mi-croscope. The serum MMP-9 were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The immunohisto-chemistry was used to observe the expression of MMP-9 in lung,kidney and intestine during different phases of MODS. The data were processed by one-way ANOVA and Bivariate analysis. Results Compared with control group, the organs were injured by congestion, edema and inflammatory cells infiltration to a certain extent in model groups. The serum MMP-9 increased markedly 12 hours after modelling (P<0.01 ) and peaked 48 hours later. The expressions of MMP-9 in lung, kidney and small intestine significantly increased from 12 h to 72 h after mod-elling (P<0.01 or 0.05). Conclusions The MMP-9 increased both in serum and tissue are closely associated with the pathological process of MODS. The mechanism of organ damage probably attributes to the damage of extra-celluar matrix and tissue construction.