Objective:To investigate the antitumor effect of Actinidia Chinensis Planch polysaccharide(ACPS)in B16-bearing C57BL/6 mice and approach its mechanism.Methods:The C57BL/6 mice model was established by B16 subcutaneous inoculation,giving the polysaccharides from vena caudalis injection,and flow cytometer(FCM)was used to detect the distribution of tumor-cell cycle,and electron microscope was used to survey morphologic transformation about apoptosis.Results:ACPS can inhibit the growth of B16,the high,middle dose groups obviously restrained the tumor with the rate of 48.67%,40.90%and the control group 24.13%,and classical apoptosis corpuscles had been found through electron microscope in ACPS groups.Compared with control group,the ACPS promoted the spleen-index of B16-bearing mice and cut down the proliferation index,and the G1/S phase was at growth-inhibitory concentrations judged by the distributing analysis on cell-cycle.Conclusion:ACPS had obvious effect of restraining B16 and promoting the spleen index of tumor-bearing mice,which maybe due to its function of regulating immunization and the distributing of cell-cycle.

Objective To investigate the radiological features of granulomatous mastitis (GM) in dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) and DWI and to differentiate it from the breast cancer in diagnose.Methods Forty five cases of GM and 64 cases of breast cancer confirmed by surgical histopathology or biopsy were retrospectively analyzed in the study.All of the patients were examined preoperatively by DCE-MRI and DWI.Including lesion type,location,enhancement pattern,nipple retraction,supplying arteries,skin thickening and axillary adenopathy in the two groups were evaluated and analyzed by using x2 test.One-way ANOVA was employed to compare the ADC values between the abscess area of GM and non-abscess area,and the difference among the breast cancer lesion area.Dynamic enhancement MR pharmacokinetic parameters were used to measure including early-phase enhancement rate (EER),peak enhancement ratio(Emax),and time to peak ehhancement(Tmax).The statistical differences of EER,Emax and Tmax between the two groups were calculated by using Wilcoxon test.Results In 45 cases of GM,DCE MR images showed nonmass-like lesions (43 patients) and mass-like lesions (2 patients); the nipple involved(16 patients) and segment involved (29 patients);rim-like with heterogeneous enhancement (40 patients) and heterogeneous enhancement (5 patients); nipple retraction (24 patients) supplying arteries dilatation (42 patients),skin thickening (29 patients),and axillary adenopathy (17 patients).Corresponding to the radiological features above,in the 64 breast cancer cases,it showed 54,10,5,59,30,34,16,51,12 and 20,respectively.There were statistical significance between GM and breast cancer in lesion type,location,enhancement pattern,and nipple retraction (x2=67.574,13.075,20.297,20.398 and 23.510,respectively,all P＜0.01).But no differences were existed between 2 groups in supplying arteries and axillary adenopathy(x2=3.928 and 0.502,P＞0.05).EER,Emax and Tmaxin GM were 146.58％,191.13％,195.00 s in GM and 118.13％,159.43％,183.33 s in breast cancer,respectively.Significant statistic differences between GM and breast cancer were found in EER and Emax(Z values were-2.271 and-2.948,P＜0.01).But it did not show significant difference in Tmax (Z =-0.548,P＞0.05).The ADC values of GM on abscess area,non-abscess area,and breast cancer lesion area were (8.0±2.6) × 10-3,(11.3± 1.7) × 10-3 and (8.2± 1.1) × 10-3mm2/s,respectively.There were significant differences in the groups (F=52.167,P＜0.01).Conclusions The characteristic of radiological findings can be found in GM by using advanced MR imaging techniques.DCE-MRI combined with DWI is useful in the differential diagnosis between GM and breast cancer.

OBJECTIVETo study scutellarin starch microspheres' permeability through nasal mucosa of different animals in vitro.

METHODThe Franz diffusion cell method was used to experiment the permeability test (n = 4), taking fresh nasal mucosa of dog, swine and domestica in vitro as permeation barrier separately, with scutellarin starch microspheres (scutellarin 0.25 mg) above them, and blank pH 6.8 PBS as absorption liquid to detemine the scutellarin by HPLC.

RESULTThe permeability coefficient of scutellarin starch microspheres through nasal mucosa of dog, swine and domestica in vitro were (5.295 +/- 0.637) x 10(-3) (4.065 +/- 1.140) x 10(-3), (1.855 +/- 0.150) x 10(-3) cm x mL(-1) separately. The permeability coefficient order of scutellarin starch microspheres through nasal mucosa of different animals in vitro is dog > swine > domestica, and there are significant differences between the permeability coefficient of scutellarin starch microspheres through nasal mucosa of dog, swine in vitro, and that through nasal mucosa of swine and domestica in vitro.

CONCLUSIONDrugs in scutellarin starch microspheres could permeate through the above-mentioned nasal mucosa in vitro. There might be different permeability coefficient among different species.

Animals ; Apigenin ; pharmacokinetics ; Dogs ; Glucuronates ; pharmacokinetics ; Microspheres ; Nasal Mucosa ; metabolism ; Permeability ; Starch ; pharmacokinetics ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the feasibility of developing brain-targeted nasal delivery system of scutellarin by the passage between nase and brain in nasal olfactory area.

METHODThe samples of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood were prepared by cranial puncture and femoral artery catheterization methods respectively according to the certain sampling time after drug administered. The scuteIlarin concentration of samples were determined by 125 marked method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated by trapezoidal rule. The brain-targeted trendence were evaluated by the value of the index AUC(brain)/AUC(plasma).

RESULTThe distribution of scutellarin in brain following intranasal administration was different between tissues. Drug concentration in olfactory bulb achieved to peak at 5-15 min after intranasal administration, while in brain tissue was 30-60 min. Above all, peak concentration in olfactory bulb and olfactory region respectively were (574.8 +/- 205.), (323.4 +/- 128.3) ng x g(-10, both are higher than CSF, which is (123.2 +/- 29.3) ng x g(-1). Moreover, the distribution of scutellarin given by intranasally in brain was: olfactory bulb (OB) > olfactory region (OR) > cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) > cerebellum(CB) > medulla oblongata (MO) > cerebrum (CR); AUC(0-240) of olfactory bulb, olfactory region and CSF after scutellarin intranasal administration were 5.54, 5.07 and 5.51 times of that after intravenous injection, respectively. And the AUC(0-240) of other brain tissues after intranasal administration were also higher than that after intravenous injection. AUC(brain tissue)/ AUC(plasma) of every brain tissues by intranasally are all higher than that by intravenously remarkably. For instance, 5 min after intranasal administration, the value of AUC(CSF)/ AUC(plasma), AUC(OB)/AUC(plasma), and AUC(CR)/AUC(plasma) were 30.34, 56.93, and 6.14 times of that by intravenously.

CONCLUSIONPart of scutellarin could be straightly transported into brain by the intranasal administration. Its absorption pathway was: the molecule of Scutellarin throughed olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity into olfactory bulb in arachno-hypostegal cavity, and then entered into olfactory region, CSF, cerebrum and cerebellum gradually. It showed that olfactory bulb was the only way for drug molecule to go through nasal cavity into brain. It had a significant trendence of brain-targeted when compared to oral administration and intravenous injection, which indicated a certain feasibility to develop a brain-targeted nasal delivery system for scutellarin.

Administration, Intranasal ; Animals ; Apigenin ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Brain ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Drug Delivery Systems ; methods ; Glucuronates ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Endometriosis is frequently associated with infertility. It is believed that the impairment of endometrial receptivity may be one of the mechanisms involved in this condition. Endometriosis results in infertility by affecting the quality of the embryo and decreasing the endometrium tolerance.Among patients with endometriosis and infertility,a large number of clinical applications found that even if the embryo quality was good, the embryo's planting rate was still low, however, in the case of good endometrial receptivity,abnormal embryos have possible bed success.This paper mainly reviews the endometrium receptivity in patients with endometriosis and the correlation between the regulation factors of endometrial receptivity and infertility, with a view to improving the clinical pregnancy rate.