Objective To investigate the occupational exposures to skin injuries among undergraduate nursing students and analyze the causes,so as to provide advices for the standardized pre-service education of occupational protection.Methods To survey 260 students by simple sampling method using self-made questionnaire retrospectively at the end of the internship.The factors influencing skin injuries were analyzed.Results A total of 238 effective questionnaires were obtained.There were 96.64％ (230/238) practice students suffered skin injuries,the incidence rate was higher at the initial phase.The injuries-risk factors were using hollow needles and glass ampoule,dispensing and back to the set of the needle cap.The preventive measures which the students executed were squeezing out blood,washing with flowing water and sterilizing with iodine and alcohol.Only 58.47％ (473/809) students checked the reports of patients.Most of them were lack of the preventive awareness.Conclusions This study demonstrated that skin injuries occurred frequently among undergraduate nursing students of bachelor degree and their knowledge level about precautions was low.The standard education of pre-service occupational prevention,the occupational exposure post-processing and the reporting system were very necessary.

Objective To determine whether the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor,{N-[2-(cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl]-methane sulfonamide} (NS398),can inhibit proliferation of COX-2 negatively expressed human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and induce its apoptosis in vitro. Methods The expression of COX-2 in cultured PC-3 cells was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot for mRNA and protein respectively.The proliferative inhibition of PC-3 cells by NS398 was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) rapid photocolorimetric assay.PC-3 cells cultured in 100 ?mol/L NS398 medium for 24 h was marked with AnnexinV-FITC and PI for the cell apoptosis assay by flow cytometry. Results COX-2 was not expressed in PC-3 cell line at either mRNA or protein level.The inhibitory rate of NS398 on proliferation increased with the increasing concentration but was not time-dependent.Compared with the controls (10.563?2.582)%,PC-3 cells cultured in 100?mol/L NS398 medium for 24 h had significantly higher incidence (19.307?3.773)%] Objective To determine whether the cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) selective inhibitor,{N-[2-(cyclohexyloxy)-4-nitrophenyl]-methane sulfonamide} (NS398),can inhibit proliferation of COX-2 negatively expressed human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and induce its apoptosis in vitro. Methods The expression of COX-2 in cultured PC-3 cells was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot for mRNA and protein respectively.The proliferative inhibition of PC-3 cells by NS398 was observed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) rapid photocolorimetric assay.PC-3 cells cultured in 100 ?mol/L NS398 medium for 24 h was marked with AnnexinV-FITC and PI for the cell apoptosis assay by flow cytometry. Results COX-2 was not expressed in PC-3 cell line at either mRNA or protein level.The inhibitory rate of NS398 on proliferation increased with the increasing concentration but was not time-dependent.Compared with the controls (10.563?2.582)%,PC-3 cells cultured in 100?mol/L NS398 medium for 24 h had significantly higher incidence (19.307?3.773)%] of early apoptosis (P=0.01).Conclusions NS398 can inhibit proliferation of COX-2 negatively expressed human prostate cancer cell line PC-3 and induce its apoptosis in vitro,which suggests its COX-2 independent pathway.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of transcatheter arterial chemoembolization(TACE)combined with per-cutaneous microwave ablation(MWA)in treatment of large-sized hepatic carcinoma.Methods A total of 84 patients with large-sized hepatic carcinoma were randomly and equally divided into the study group(n=42)and control group(n=42).TACE combined with MWA was carried out in the patients of the study group,while only TACE was performed in the patients of the control group.Results The effective rate of the study group and the control group was 71.4% and 42.8% respectively,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant(P <0.05).In the study group,the survival rates at 6,12,18,24 months after the treatment were 88.1%,73.8%,52.3% and 33.3% respectively,while in the control group the survival rates were 76.2%,57.1%,30.9% and 9.5%respectively.There was no statistically significant differences in the postoperative complications between the two groups.Conclusion TACE combined with MWA appears to be an effective approach for the treatment of large-sized hepatic carcinoma.The effect of combined therapy is obviously superior to the only TACE.

Objective To explore the method and technique to gain adequate seed cells for cartilage tissue engineering Methods hTERT gene was introduced into rabbit mandibular condylar chondrocytes by eukaryotic vector Rapidly proliferated immortalized chondrocytes in positive clones in micro carrier rotary cell culture system (RCCS) were screened and selected The growth of immortalized chondrocytes and the metabolic rate were observed Collagen type Ⅱ expression of immortalized chondrocytes of the experimental groups was observed The immunohistochemical results were compared with those of the control groups Results The immortalized chondrocytes in experimental groups could grow rapidly with a high metabolic rate and shorter population doubling time (PD) ( P

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for simultaneous determination of ephedrine hydrochloride,nitrofural and di-phenhydramine hydrochloride in Compound diphenhydramine nasal drop. METHODS:RP-HPLC method was adopted. The determi-nation was performed on Inertsil ODS-3 C18 column with mobile phase consisted of 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate buf-fer(pH 7.0)-acetonitrile(gradient elution)with flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The detection wavelength was set at 256 nm,and the col-umn temperature was 35 ℃. The sample size was 20 μL. RESULTS:The concentrations of phedrine hydrochloride,nitrofural and diphenhydramine hydrochloride ranged 122.1-366.3 μg/mL(r=0.9999),5.2-15.5 μg/mL(r=0.9998)and 31.5-94.5 μg/mL(r=0.9994),respectively. The limits of quantitation were 2.442,0.010,2.520 μg/mL,and the limits of detection were 0.810,0.003, 0.830 μg/mL,respectively. RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were lower than 1.0%. The recoveries of them were 99.2%-101.7%(RSD=0.9%,n=9),96.4%-102.0%%(RSD=1.7%,n=9),100.2%-101.9%(RSD=0.4%,n=9),respec-tively. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used for simultaneous determination of ephedrine hydrochloride,nitrofural and diphenhydramine hydrochloride in Compound diphenhydramine nasal drop.

BACKGROUND: RT-Q medical biomembrane, the novel copolymer synthesized from lactic acid and hyaluronic acid, not only possesses the advantages of hyaluronic acid, such as multiple biological functions, excellent flexibility and biocompatibility, but also has the merits of polylactic acid fragments to be easily processed and transformed to membrane when encountering water. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the hemostatic effect of RT-Q medical biomembrane in rat external jugular vein hemorrhage model, and to evaluate its histocompatibility by locally applying it to rat muscle. DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal trial.SETTING: Department of Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacognosy, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University.MATERIALS: 130 male Wistar rats aged 6 weeks, weighing 170-210 g, were selected. Eighty rats were used for evaluation of hemostatic effect, and the other fifty were used in biocompatibility experiment. Animal intervention met the animal ethical standard. RT-Q aerosol composed of DL-lactic acid and hyaluronic acid, α-cyanoacrylate, acetone (solvent), freon (propellant) and excipient aerosol composed of acetone and freon (propellant) (Batch number 20050311) were provided by Department of Pharmaceutics, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University.α-cyanoacrylate medical adhesive(SUNCON medical adhesive) (Batch number 20050930) was produced by Beijing Suncon Medical Adhesive Science and Technology Development Co., Ltd. METHODS: Haemostatic effect: Eighty male rats were randomly divided into four groups, served as RT-Q, SUNCON (positive control), excipient group and non-treatment group (negative control), twenty in each group. After anesthesia was induced, external jugular vein of rats was exposed, and an approximately 0.6 cm incision was made to create hemorrhage. The bleeding areas were blotted by antiseptic gauze. After removing the gauze, the bleeding surfaces were immediately treated with RT-Q aerosol in the RT-Q group, excipient aerosol in the excipient group, 0.15 mL SUNCON medical adhesive in the SUNCON group, or no agent in non-treatment group, respectively. Then, injury surfaces were covered by gauze. In the non-treatment group, bleeding was left to naturally stop. Bleeding time and blood loss (gauze weight after hemostasia - that before hemostasia) were determined. Local histocompatibility: Rats were divided into A and B groups. Incision was made in rat post-leg muscle after anesthesia was induced. Left bleeding surfaces were treated with excipient aerosol, and right bleeding surfaces were treated with RT-Q aerosol in group A (n=30). The same incision as the group A was made, but no intervention was performed in the group B (n=20). Tissues were possessed and HE-stained for pathological observation under light microscope at days 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 15, 23, 30 after the surgery. Effect of biomembrane on wound healing, degradation and toxicity to tissues surrounding injuries were observed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Bleeding time and blood loss in hemostatic experiment; wound healing, biodegradation and toxicity to tissues surrounding injuries in local histocompatibility experiment. RESULTS: 130 rats were involved in the result analysis. Histopathologic examination showed RT-Q membrane had no effect of promoting or delaying wound healing. Membrane formed by RT-Q aerosol began to degrade on the 15th day, absorbed completely during 3-4 weeks, and had no toxicity to surrounding tissues. Bleeding time and blood loss were reduced in the RT-Q group than in the non-treatment group and the excipient group (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the RT-Q group and the SUNCON group (P > 0.05).CONCLUSION: RT-Q medical biomembrane as α-cyanoacrylate medical adhesive has significant hemostatic effects on topical bleeding, and possesses good histocompatibility.

BACKGROUND: It has been reported that chitosan can inhibit scar formation and promote wound healing. Medical invisible antimicrobial film is a new type of membrane materials which comprises chitosan as ground substance.OBJECTIVE: To determine the inhibitory effects of medical invisible antimicrobial film on the operative incision scar, and to observe its effects on wound healing.DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A controlled animal study was conducted at the IVC Experimental Animal Room, West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University from August to October 2007.MATERIALS: Medical invisible antimicrobial film stock solution was colorless transparent sticking solution, which formed colorless transparent film following spray painting (specification: 40 mL), provided by Chengdu Chaojl Technology Co., Ltd. (lot number 070501).METHODS: A total of 16 healthy Sprague Dawley rats aged 20 to 23 days were selected. Full linear skin incisions were operated in aseptic condition. After operation, the experimental group (right side) was sprayed medical invisible antimicrobial film 0.5 mL/time, once a day, for totally 3 days. The control group (left side) received an equal volume of 0.9% sodium chloride injection, with natural cure.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: At 3, 7 and 14 days following surgery, incision skin specimens were obtained, and subjected to hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining was applied to observe wound healing and the formation of scar, then the scar area was analyzed.RESULTS: The scar relative mean area of control group was 154 069±51 356 and the experimental group was 98 200±34 719 on the postoperative 14~(th) day. The two groups were significantly different (P < 0.05). At 14 days following surgery, optical microscope showed that the experiment group had less collagen fibers and fibroblast accumulation. At 3 days, compared with the control group, the experimental group had less epithelization period, more granulation tissue and less inflammatory cell infiltration.CONCLUSION: The medical invisible antimicrobial film has inhibitory effect of the formation of operative incision scar, and no influence on wound healing of operative incision.

Objective To explore the variance of plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations in the aged patients after noncardiac surgery and its significance. Methods 101 patients undergoing elective noncardiac surgery were divided into two groups based on the BNP concentrations before surgery: group A: BNP≤100 ng/L，n=61; group B: BNP>100 ng/L，n=40. The BNP concentrations before and after noncardiac surgery and the incidence of cardiac events in both groups were compared. Results There was no significant difference （P>0.05） of BNP concentrations before and after noncardiac surgery in group A, which were (58.2±28.7) ng/L and (53.7±25.9) ng/L respectively, but was significant difference （P<0.05） in group B, which were (147.3±72.1) ng/L and (341.5±92.4) ng/L respectively. There was significant difference （P<0.05） between group A, in which no patient happened cardiac event, and group B, in which 14 patients happened. Conclusion The plasma BNP concentration would be increased significantly in the aged patients with a BNP concentration>100 ng/L before surgery, which may cause more cardiac events.

Tissue-engineering bone with porous ,betatricalcium phosphate (3-TCP) ceramic and autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) was constructed and the effect of this composite on healing of segmental bone defects was investigated. 10-15 ml bone marrow aspirates were harvested from the iliac crest of sheep, and enriched for MSC by density gradient centrifugation over a Percoll cushion (1. 073 g/ml). After cultured and proliferated, tissue-engineering bones were constructed with these,cellS seeded onto porous f-TCP, and then the constructs were implanted in 8 sheep left metatarsus defect (25 mm in length) as experimental group. Porous ,-TCP only were implanted to bridge same size and position defects in 8 sheep as control group, and 25 mm segmental bone defects of left metatarsus were left empty in 4 sheep as blank group. Sheep were sacrificed on the 6th, 12th, and 24th week postoperatively and the implants samples were examined by radiograph, histology, and biomechanical test. The 4 sheep in blank group were sacrificed on the 24th week postoperatively. The results showed that new bone tissues were observed either radiographic or histologically at the defects of experimental group as early as 6th week postoperatively, but not in control group, and osteoid tissue, woven bone and lamellar bone occurred earlier than in control group in which the bone defects were repaired in "creep substitution" way, because of the new bone formed in direct manner without progression through a cartilaginous intermediate. At the 24th week, radiographs and biomechanical test revealed an almost complete repair of the defect of experimental group, only partly in control group. The bone defects in blank group were non-healing at the 24th week. It was concluded that engineering bones constructed with porous -TCP and autologous MSC were capable of repairing segmental bone defects in sheep metatarsus beyond "creep substitution" way and making it healed earlier. Porous ,-TCP being constituted with autologous MSC may be a good option in healing critical segmental bone defects in clinical practice and provide insight for future clinical repair of segmental defect.
Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Calcium Phosphates/*pharmacology ; Cells, Cultured ; Fractures, Bone/*therapy ; Implants, Experimental ; Mesenchymal Stem Cells/*cytology ; Metatarsus/*injuries ; Porosity ; Sheep ; Tissue Engineering

Objective To study current situation and influencing factors of health behavior among rectal cancer patients with intestine stoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods Questionnaire investigation was conducted among 78 patients using health-promoting lifestyle profile-Ⅱ, general demographic data and related data of disease.And a statistical analysis was made on its investigation. Results The score of health behavior of rectal cancer patients with intestine stoma after neoadjuvant chemotherapy was 131.01 ± 24.47.The score ofeach dimensionin descending order were:nutrition, interpersonal relations, stress management, health responsibility, spiritual growth and physical activity. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicates literacy, average mothly income, chemotherapy collateral injury and stoma complications were the significant factors of health behavior (P<0.05), which could explain 70％ of the variance in health behavior. Conclusion The level of health behavior of rectal cancer patients with intestine stoma afer neoadjuvant chemotherapy need to be improved. In the process of designing and implementing clinical nursing, great importance should be paid to the nursing of patients with chemotherapy collateral injury and stoma complications, to improve their health behavior, to help them establish and maintain a healthy lifestyle and to improve the quality of life.