Diffusion weighted imaging of entire body is a new promising technique which is feasible to evaluate multi-focal disease. Whole-Body diffusion weighted imaging (WB-DWI) has revealed great potential in the evaluation of both quantitative and qualitative information of the whole body. The technique should be used combined with the other standard sequences such as STIR images. A complete scanning sequence and diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) can be performed in less than 40 min. The feasibility, limitations and the clinical effect of WB-DWI are reviewed.

【Objective】 To investigate the effect of Fucongxiang Liquid (FL) on hippocampal CA1 neurons in rat models with vascular dementia. 【Methods】 Forty SD rots were randomized to four groups: pseudo-operation group, model group, Naofukang group and FL group. Rat models with vascular dementia were established by repeated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion combined with decreasing blood pressure and then were given with normal saline, Naofukang and FL respectively for 15 days. After treatment, the brain of mrs was taken out to make slices for hematoxylin and eosin staining to observe the histomorphological changes of hippocampal CA1 neurons. 【Results】 As compared with the pseudooperation group, a large amount of damaged, degenerative or even necrotic neurons were fotmd in the model group; FL and Naofukang could reduce the damage of neurons to different extents. 【Conclusion】 FL exerts a protective effect on hippocampal CA1 neurons in mice models with vascular dementia.

Objective:To observe the effects of Yikunjing capsules on the bone histomorphometry indexes and the serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) level in mice with osteoporosis.Methods:60 cases ofC57 female mice were randomly divided into 5 groups,such as model group (equal volume of normal saline),estrogen group (nilestriol,0.25 mg/kg),Yikunjing capsules high dose group (1.44 g/kg),Yikunjing capsules medium dose group (0.72 g/kg) and Yikunjing capsules low dose group (0.36 g/kg),sham group (equal volume of normal saline) were treated with sham operation.The mice in each group was intragastrically administrated for 70 days.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the serum IL-6 level.The bone histomorphometry index were detected with BI-2000 Medical Image Analysis System.And the Number of blood vessels in distal femoral metaphysis of each group was measured by CT.Results:Compared with the sham group,the width and area of trabecular bone,the thickness of cortical bone,area of trabecular bone,the number of osteoblasts,the bone mineral density and the number of blood vessels in model group were significantly reduced(P＜0.05),while the number of osteoclasts and serum IL-6 level were significantly increased (P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,above indexes in estrogen group,Yikunjing capsules high,medium,low dose group were improved (P＜0.05),and the effect of Yikunjing capsules high dose group and estrogen group was almost the same (P＞0.05).Conclusion:Yikunjing capsules can rectify the bone histomorphometry indexes reduce the serum IL-6 level and increase the number of blood vessels in mice with osteoporosis,and intragastrically administrating 1.44 g/kg Yikunjing capsules could get the better effect.

Objective To investigate the effect of transplantation of CXC receptor 4 (CXCR4)gene-modified bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on repairment of carotid injure in rats.Methods BMSCs were cultured and transfected with lentivirus vector carrying CXCR4 gene to generate CXCR4 gene-modified BMSCs (CXCR4-BMSCs).CXCR4 expression was detected by Western blot.Rat model of carotid artery balloon injury was established.Rats were randomly divided into the PBS control group (n=12),CXCR4-BMSCs group (n=12) and BMSCs group (n=12).Two weeks after transplantation,the injured arteries were obtained.The homing of BMSCs was detected by immunofluorescence with green fluorescent protein (GFP).Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule (CD31) expression was detected by immunofluorescence staining.At 4 weeks after transplantation,proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) expression was determined by immunohistochemical staining,and the vascular morphological changes were observed by hematoxylineosin staining (HE).Results Compared with the control and BMSCs groups,the protein level of CXCR4 was increased in CXCR4-BMSCs group (both P＜0.05).The percentage of GFP-positive cells homing were much more in CXCR4-BMSCs group than in BMSCs group [(58.8±4.4)％ vs.(36.2±5.0) ％,P＜0.05].The CD31 expression were higher in CXCR4-BMSCs group than in BMSCs group [(58.8±4.3)％ vs.(28.8±4.2)％,P＜0.05].Compared to the control group,the PCNA expression was decreased in CXCR4-BMSCs and BMSCs groups [(21.0±4.2) ％,(36.5±4.9) ％vs.(78.3±3.5) ％,both P＜0.05].There was a significant difference in PCNA expression between the CXCR4-BMSCsgroupandBMSCs group [(21.0±4.2)％vs.(36.5±4.9)％,P＜0.05].The neointimal area and the ratio of neointimal/medial area were decreased in CXCR4 BMSCs and BMSCs group as compared with the control group [(0.205±0.018) mm2,(0.323±0.071) mm2 vs.(0.536 ± ±0.054) mm2; (1.039±0.123),(1.660±0.404) vs.(2.460±0.328); all P＜0.05],and there were significant differences in neointimal area and the ratio of neointimal/medial area in CXCR4-BMSCs group and BMSCs group [[(0.205±0.018) mm2 vs.(0.323±0.071) mm2,(1.039±0.123)vs.(1.660±0.404),both P＜0.05].Conclusions CXCR4 gene-modified BMSCs may increase the CXCR4 expression in BMSCs.CXCR4-BMSCs transplantation is more effective than BMSCs transplantation in increasing BMSCs homing capacity,reducing the reendothelialization and vascular restenosis.

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the medication safety status of Chinese patent medicines and related influence factors for residents in Guangdong province,and provide reference for better guarantee of medication safety for residents. METHODS:Questionnaires were randomly sent out among the residents in 3 cities of Guangdong province. The cognition,utilization habit and safety awareness,the ways to get the related information of Chinese patent medicines and purchase way were surveyed and ana-lyzed statistically. RESULTS:Totally 530 questionnaires were sent out and 514 valid questionnaires were collected with effective re-covery of 96.98%. There are 64.01% of respondents didn’t know the composition of Chinese patent medicines;50.39% didn’t know the contraindications of Chinese patent medicines;48.44% didn’t know the adverse drug reactions of Chinese patent medi-cines that they were using;23.47% had once broken the tablets when took them;65.18% didn’t know that the old people had less dosage than teenagers and 44.75% didn’t know that Chinese patent medicines couldn’t be taken with some western medicines. There were many ways to get the related information of Chinese patent medicines and purchase them,and the main sources were from doctors and pharmacists in drug stores;90.08% had purchased Chinese patent medicines in drug stores. CONCLUSIONS:During daily medication of Chinese patent medicines,the biggest problem for residents is that the weak awareness of medication safety,unreasonable medication behavior and habit caused by lack of related knowledge of medication safety,which may cause safety risks or happen medication safety problems. Therefore,the residents’education of self-medical knowledge should be intensi-fied,the management of prescription in drug stores should be enhanced,pharmaceutical service function of pharmacists should be played,supervision management of drug advertisement should be strengthened and the contents in drug instructions should be regu-lated.

Objective To investigate the clinical and renal pathological features in the new rat model induced by anti-human podocyte-protein antibody. Methods The rat model was induced by once intravenous injection of rabbit anti-human podocyte-protein antiserum which was prepared at first. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (n=36) were randomly divided into six groups (6rats in each group): control group (CG), the time points of day 7 group (D7), day 14 group (D14),day 21 group (D21) and day 28 (D28) group after antiserum injection, and day 28 group after the normal rabbit serum injection (NRG). The level of 24 hour proteinuria, the clearance of creatinine,albumin, blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, cholesterol and serum creatinine were measured. The renal morphology was detected under the light microscope, immunofluorescence microscope, and electron microscope. Results 24-hour proteinuria (mg) was gradually increased, and the level of proteinuria in D28 (48.56±13.80) was significantly higher than that in CG (5.34±2.77, P＜0.01)and NRG (11.32±4.90, P＜0.01). The clearance of creatinine (ml/min) and serum creatinine (μmol/L) in D28 (0.90±0.47, 33.48±9.94) were significantly different from CG (1.68±0.54, P＜0.05;26.03±2.67, P＜0.05), but showed no difference with NRG (1.34±0.87, P＞0.05; 27.40±4.73, P＞0.05). The level of albumin (g/L) was lower in D7, D14, D21, D28 (28.20±0.87, 27.80±1.97,27.42±1.66, 27.77±1.95) than CG (29.98±0.76, P＜0.05). But there was no difference in the level of albumin among the groups after antiserum injection and NRG (28.68±1.18, P＞0.05). The level of blood urea nitrogen, triglyceride, cholesterol showed no difference among the groups (P＞0.05). The renal morphology showed no obvious changes between CG and NRG. Among the groups after antiserum injection, the renal pathological changes under the light microscope were some spikes formation in D28. Immunostained for rabbit IgG in rat glomeruli progressively decreased over the 28 days, while rat IgG progressively increased. The renal section deposition for rat complement 3 reached a maximum at day 21 then decreased afterward. Under the electron microscope, there were immune complexes and foot process fusion at day 14. Conclusions The new rat model induced by anti-human podocyte-protein antibody showing typically clinical and pathological changes of the membranous nephropathy is successfully established.

Objective To investigate the effect of fluvastatin (FLV) on the expression of β1 integrin in puromycin aminonucleoside (PAN)-treated podocytes and its mechanism.Methods Cultured human podocytes were divided into PAN,different concentrations of fluvastatin (1 × 10-8 to 1 × 10-5 mol/L),SOD,H2O21 groups respectively.Expressions of β1 integrin and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in podocytes were detected by Western blotting and DCFHDA (2' 7'-Dichlorofluoresecein 3' 6'-diacetate) respectively.The viability of podocyte was determined by MTT colorimetry.Results PAN and H2O2 significantly decreased the expression of β1 integrin and increased the synthesis of ROS in podocytes (P＜0.05respectively).Lower concentration fluvastatin or SOD treatment up-regulated β1 integrin and downregulated ROS of podocytes induced by PAN (P＜0.05 respectively).MTT revealed that lower podocyte viability was found in higher concentration fluvastatin,PAN and H2O2 groups.Lower concentration fluvastatin and SOD could protect podocytes against PAN.Conclusion Fluvastatin attenuates the injury of podocyte induced by PAN and increases the expression of β1 integrin,whose mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the ROS activity.

Objective To explore the effect and mechanism of fluvastatin on the expression of fibronectin(FN) in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) induced by high-glucose peritoneal dialysate (HGPDS).Methods Cultured HPMCs were randomly divided into control,HGPDS,HGPDS plus GSK650394 10-5 mol/L (the competitive inhibitor of SGK1),different concentrations of fluvastatin,fluvastatin 10-6 mol/L and GSK650394 10-5 mol/L alone.The morphology change of HPMC was observed by light microscopy.The cellular viability was detected by MTT colorimetry.The mRNA and protein expressions of serum and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) and FN were detected by RT-PCR,Western blotting or ELISA.Results After incubation with HGPDS,the cell morphology changed from typical cobblestone-like appearance to fibroblast-like appearance,and the cell viability was inhibited significantly (P＜0.05).Fluvastatin 10-6mol/L and GSK650394 could improved the cell morphology and the cell viability injured by HGPDS (P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the mRNA and protein expressions of SGK1 and FN increased significantly in HPMC treated with HGPDS(P＜0.05).GSK650394 significantly decreased the high expression of SGK1 and FN (P＜0.05),also the fluvastatin had same effects as GSK650394 in dose-dependent manner (P＜0.05).Conclusions High-glucose peritoneal dialysate can increase FN expression in human peritoneal mesothelial cells,which can be attenuated by fluvastatin.The protective role of fluvastatin in HPMC may be partially achieved through the signal pathway of SGK1.

Aim To investigate the arrest effect of diallyl disulfide(DADS) in the cell cycle of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma SW480 cell line and its molecular mechanism.Mothdes The growth inhibition effect of DADS of different concentrations on SW480 cell line was measured by MTT assay and cell counting.Phase distribution of cell cycle was analyzed by flow cytometry.Expression of Ubiquitin and FKBP was determined by Western blot.Results The MTT assay showed that DADS inhibited growth of SW480 cells significantly in a dose-dependent manner.Adding 25,35,50 and 70 mg?L-1 DADS for 48 hours,SW480 cell growth was suppressed by 18.67%,33.02%,49.12% and 66.86%,respectively.There were significant differences between the treated and controlled cases(P

Objective To explore the effect and associated mechanism of fluvastatin combined with losartan on the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human podocytes induced by angiotensin (Ang)Ⅱ.Methods The differentiated human podocytes were cultured with various concentrations of Ang Ⅱ (10-9 to 10-5 mol/L) in vitro,followed by treatment of fluvastatin (10-7,10-6 and 10-5 mol/L),losartan (10-7,10-6 and 10-5 mol/L),extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) inhibitor PD98059,and combination of fluvastatin and lolsartan.Expressions of VEGF and phosphorylation (p)ERK1/2 protein in podocytes were detected by Western blotting.RT-PCR was used to examine VEGF mRNA expression (P＜0.01).Results Ang Ⅱ up-regulated the expressions of VEGF and p-ERK1/2 in time-and dose-dependent manner.Above elevated expressions of VEGF and p-ERK1/2 induced by Ang Ⅱ could be down-regulated by fluvastatin,losartan and PD98059 respectively (P＜0.05).More obvious reduction of above expressions was found in combination of fluvastatin and losartan as compared to single agent (P ＜0.05).Conclusions Either fluvastatin or losartan can down-regulate the over-expression of VEGF and p-ERK1/2 induced by Ang Ⅱ in human podocytes,and their combination has a cooperative effect.The ERK signaling pathway may be one of the mechanisms of their renal protective effects.