The transport of glutamic acid through the surfactant liq uid membrane of trioctyl (mono) methyl ammonium chloride(Aliquat336)Span 80-toluene has been studied. The optimal experimental conditions for transport of gl utamic acid with high efficiency and high speed were obtained. The conditions we re that membrane phase was 0.020 mol/L Aliquat 336+3%(W／V）Span80+Tolu ene; Outer phase was 5×10-4 mol/L glutamic acid and Ph=9.3；Inner pha se was 0.05 mol/L HCl. The transport rate of glutamic acid reached 93% in 2 min of transport time. The phenylalanine was also transported at the optimal transpo rt conditions of glutamic acid. The transport rates of Glycine and basic amino a cids were lower. This method can be used for extraction and separation of micro amount of amino acids.

Objective To observe the characteristics of different blood perfusion in renal cell carcinoma by contrast-enhanced ultrasound and prove its diagnostic value.Methods One hundred and six cases of renal cell carcinoma confirmed by patholog were involved,and were divided into three groups:clear cell carcinoma group,papillary cell carcinoma group,and chromophobe cell carcinoma group.Their imaging characteristics were observed.Time-intensity curve was analyzed by using QLab software.The difference of time of beginning to increase (△AT =ATrenal cell carcinoma-AT surrounding normal renal parenchyma) and the difference of peak intensity(△PI =PIrenal cell carcinoma-PIsurrounding normal renal parenhyma) in three groups were compared.Results △AT and △PI in clear cell carcinoma group were different from those in the papillary cell carcinoma group and chromophobe cell carcinoma group (P ＜0.05).The difference between papillary carcinoma group and chromophobe carcinoma group was not significant (P ＞0.05).Contrast agent filled very fast in most clear cell carcinomas,filled speed and time to peak were early or synchronously with the surrounding renal tissue.Compared with renal papillary carcinoma and chromophobe carcinoma group,clear cell carcinoma group showed a high peak intensity and part of the surroundings appeared high increasing signs,like of a ring.Contrast agents filled slow in papillary carcinomas group and chromophobe carcinomas group,and the peak intensities were low.Conclasions Contrast enhanced ultrasound can provide important clinical value for the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma and subtype diagnosis.

Objective To establish stable and convenient atomic fluorescence spectrometry to determine selenium concentration.Methods The samples were digested by nitric acid-perchloric acid and the selenium was determined by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry with step-flow injection technology in NaBH4 acid and 100 g/L K3Fe(CN)6 system.Results The relative standard deviation of the method was less than 5%,the concentration of detection limits was 0.81 ?g/L and the recovery rate ranged from 93.1% to 102.2%.Conclusion Atomic fluorescence spectrometry was convenient and reliable in determining solenium,the digest method of test tube was better than that of normal electrothermal board.

Objective To observe the effect of combination of dexmedetomidine and sufentanil on postoperative analgesia for the highly nicotine dependent patients undergoing esophagectomy. Methods Ninety highly nicotine dependent patients undergoing esophagectomy were randomly allocated into three groups (n = 30 each): low-dose sufentanil group (Group S1), high-dose sufentanil (Group S2), dexmedetomidine and sufentanil group (Group DS). All patients of three groups received postoperative PCIA with following setting: 2 mL/h;bolus: 2 mL; lock time: 5 min; 4 hours limited: 40 mL. The scores of VAS and Ramsay, effective presses/total presses of PCIA, the consumption of sufentanil during 72 h after operation, side effects and the satisfaction degree of patients were recorded. Results Compared with those of group S2, the scores of VAS (both at rest and movement) decreased significantly in group DS from 1 h to 8 h (P<0.05). Compared with those of group S1, the scores of VAS (both at rest and movement) decreased significantly in group S2 and DS from 1 h to 72 h (P<0.05). Compared with that in group S1 and S2, the consumption of sufentanil during 72 h after operation decreased significantly in group DS (P < 0.05). Compared with those in group DS, The numbers of nausea and vomiting were significant decreased in group S1 and S2(P < 0.05). Compared with those in group S1, the remedial cases were significantly decreased in group S2 and group DS (P < 0.05). Conclusion The effect of combination of dexmedetomidine and sufentanil is superior to that of sufentanil in terms of postoperative analgesia in highly nicotine dependent male patients undergoing esophagectomy.

Objective To investigate the mechanism of P/Q-type calcium channel in nitroglycerin induced migraine experimental model Methods Twenty Sprague-Dawley rats ( half female and half male) were randomly divided into control group and model group. The model of migraine rats was reproduced using Tasserelli Cristina method that wassubcutaneou injection of GTN of 10 mg/kg, once a week for four weeks. After the model of migraine had been established, trigeminal ganglion and trigeminocervical complex and cortex of frontal lobe were removed and the expressions of P/Q-type calcium channel were detected by RT- PCR and Western-blot, and at the same time the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ was investigated by Fluo- 3/AM fluorometric method. Results Compared with the control group, the expression of mRNA and protein of P/Q-type calcium channel of trigeminal ganglion and trigeminocervical complex (mRNA: 0. 472 36± 0. 049 54; protein: 0. 337 25 ± 0. 035 93 ) and cortex of frontal lobe ( mRNA: 0. 547 45 ± 0. 044 39 ; protein : 0. 402 13 ± 0. 029 83) in model group all upregulated (t = 2. 6697, 3. 1993, 3. 4398 and 3. 7661, all P <0. 05), at the same time the concentration of intracellular Ca2+ in model group increased (211 182 ± 12 973 vs 135 243 ± 18 105 in trigeminal ganglion and trigeminocervical complex; 186 511 ± 18 297 vs 143 289±25 175 in cortex of frontal lobe. t =10.7819 and 4. 3917, beth P<0.05). Conclusions P/Q- type calcium channel may play a role in the pathogenesis of migraine via its upregulated expression.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the hospital acquired MRSA infection death cases and drug-resistance to improve the proper clinical utilization of antibiotics.METHODS The clinical data of the death cases in ICU wards from Mar 2008 to Jun 2008,and the drug sensitivity and resistance results of MRSA from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008 were analyzed retrospectively.RESULTS MRSA isolated from all of the three death cases were susceptible to vancomycin and unsusceptible to other antibiotics.Thirty MRSA strains were isolated from Jan 2007 to Dec 2008.Drug sensitivity test showed 100% drug-resistance rate to penicillin,erythromycin,cefazolin and oxacillin;66.7%-87.0% drug-resistance rate to ciprofloxacin,clindamycin,levofloxacin,and sulfamethoxazole compound.CONCLUSIONS High drug-resistance rate of MRSA to commonly used antibiotics is found.MRSA is usually infected in patients with malnutrition,major surgery or infants long term using ventilator.Sensitive antibiotics should be used in early time and regulations from aspects of hospital infection control,medical administration and nursing management also be carried out to prevent and control the prevalence of MRSA bacteria.

Objective This study investigates the protective effect of bicyclol on liver function in patients after liver resection.Methods One hundred and twenty patients undergoing liver resection with Pringle's maneuver were randomly divided into groups A,B,and C,and given bicyclol (50 mg),diammonium glycyrrhizinate (150 mg),and silybum marianum (77 mg),respectively.The medication was orally given preoperatively for 5 days and postoperatively for days 3 to 7.The fasting serum ALT,AST,TB,ALP,and PAB levels were determined before operation and on days 1,3,5,and 7 after operation.Results ALT levels in the A group were significantly lower than those in the B and C group on post operative days 1,3,5,and 7 (P＜0.01).On postoperative day 7,the ratio of serum ALT returned to normal was significantly higher than the B and C group ratios (P＜0.05).Conclusion Therefore,oral bicyclol given before and after liver resection can significantly inhibit the rapid increase and promote the normalization of serum ALT levels.

Objective To compare the individual effects of three recruitment maneuvers (RM) in children with congenital heart disease complicated by postoperation acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS).Methods A prospective single-blind randomized controlled trial was conducted.Thirty-two children with congenital heart disease complicated with ARDS after open-heart surgery undergoing mechanical ventilation were randomized into three groups,to whom three different RM was respectively performed,namely sustained inflation (SI),progressively increased positive end expiratory pressure (IP) and pressure control ventilation (PCV).Blood gas analysis was done every 6 hours,and the lung RM was performed if oxygenation index (OI) ≤ 300 mmHg (1 mmHg =0.133 kPa).The OI,the dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn),as well as the parameters of hemodynamics before,during and after RM for 15,30,and 60 minutes were recorded and analyzed before and after RM.Results During the treatment process,the OI was significantly increased during the process and 15,30 or 60 minutes after RM compared with that before RM,with no statistical difference among groups (F value was 1.027,0.403,0.264,0.172,0.159,and P value was 0.367,0.671,0.769,0.843,0.853).The Cdyn at all time points in each group was also significantly increased,but there was no statistical difference among groups (F value was 0.009,0.015,0.206,0.010,0.389,and P value was 0.991,0.985,0.814,0.990,0.683).In the process of RM,the heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) of the children were lowered compared with those before RM [HR (bpm):131.67 ± 9.56 vs.138.93 ± 5.22 in SI group,133.27 ± 9.54 vs.140.33 ± 7.74 in IP group,137.13 ± 7.39 vs.142.40 ± 9.18 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01;MAP (mmHg):55.07 ± 4.43 vs.65.87 ± 4.46 in SI group,58.82 ± 6.04 vs.64.02 ± 7.65 in IP group,57.89 ± 4.71 vs.65.36 ± 5.37 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01],but it recovered immediately.CVP in all three groups was increased during RM [cmH2O (1 cmH2O =0.098 kPa):11.60±0.99 vs.5.53±0.74 in SI group,10.33± 1.35 vs.5.40±0.74 in IP group,10.20±0.94 vs.5.80±0.68 in PCV group,all P ＜ 0.01].There was significant difference in CVP during RM among three groups (F =7.327,P =0.002),and CVP in SI group was higher than that of other two groups (both P ＜ 0.05).CVP returned to the former level in 15 minutes after RM in IP and PCV groups,and recovered in 30 minutes in SI group.Conclusions All of the RM methods can effectively improve oxygenation and pulmonary compliance of the children with complication of ARDS,and they complement the inadequacy of lung protective ventilation.PCV and IP are more effective than SI in the uniform re-expansion of alveoli after RM and recovery of hemodynamics.

Objective To translate the English version of Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) into Chinese,and to test the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of SAQ. Methods The SAQ was developed into Chinese version through translation, back-translation and cross-culture adaption. The reliability and validity of the Chinese version of SAQ were tested in 823 first-line nurse managers in Henan. Results The scale content validity index was 0.90 of the Chinese SAQ, and the item content validity index ranged from 0.83 to 0.96. The correlations between the items and the full scale, the dimensions and the full scale separately ranged from 0.32 to 0.64 and 0.50 to 0.81 (P<0.01). The confirmatory factor analysis resulted in a good model fit for the six dimensions and the full construct, the goodness-of-fit index was 0.96, Tucker-Lewis index was 0.93, comparative fit index was 0.95, and root mean square error of approximation was 0.06. The Cronbach alpha coefficient for the scale was 0.913 and for the six dimensions were 0.565, 0.655, 0.825, 0.804, 0.880, 0.725 separately, the test-retest reliability coefficient was 0.934. Conclusions The Chinese version of SAQ is a valid and reliable tool to assess the safety culture of first-line nurse managers in Chinese hospitals.

This paper analyse the problem of medical probation,suggests solutions with the application of new medical education methods to improve teaching quality and cultivate the high quality talents that can meet the fundmental requirement of global medical education.