Objective To investigate the effects of moderate hypothermia on the permeability of alveolar capillary membrane in acute lung injury (ALI) induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) .Methods Thirty-four adult male SD rats weighing 300-350g were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (n = 8) ; LPS group (n = 10); hypothermia group (n = 8) and LPS + hypothermia group (n = 8) . The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal (i.p.) 1% pentobarbital 30 mg?kg-1, intubated and mechanically ventilated (RR 80 bpm, VT 20 ml?kg-1, I: E 1:2) . Right external jugular vein and left carotid artery were cannulated for BP and CVP monitoring and blood sampling. ALI was induced by LPS 1.0 mg?kg-1 i.p. and 16h later, intratracheal instillation of LPS 1.5 mg?kg-1. ALI was considered established when PaO2/FiO2 ≤300. Hypothermia was induced by surface cooling. Body T0 was reduced to 32.5-33.0℃. In control and hypothermia groups normal saline was given instead of LPS. Arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis and MAP and CVP were recorded before (T0, baseline) and 1, 2, 3, 4 h after ALI (T1-4) . At the end of experiment (4h after ALI was established) the animals were killed by exsanguination. The lungs were removed. Lung lavage was performed and the concentration of albumin in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the left lung wet/dry weight ratio, myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity of lung tissue were measured. Lung tissue was also taken for histologic examination by transmission electron microscopy.Results There was no significant difference in hemodynamics among the 4 groups. PaO2/FiO2 and PaCO2 remained unchanged in the control group and hypothermia group. PaO2 /FiO2 was significantly decreased and PaCO2 was significantly increased as compared to the baseline values (T0) in LPS group (P

Objective To probe into characteristics of medical assurance for medical service preparation, medical staff deployment and injury treatment/rescue for martial arts competitions in Beijing Olympic Games. Methods Collecting data of all injuries treated onsite of martial art venues and in clinics of such venues, for statistical analysis of the injury occasions, injury location, injury types and post-injury treatment. Results During the test games, injuries found in martial arts repertoire competitions account for 0. 92% of all athletes in the category, mostly waist and lower limbs injury; injuries found in sanshou competitions account for 12.4% of all athletes in the category, mostly blunt trauma on head/face, body, perineum and four limbs, along with skin lacerations and 16 heavily wounded transferred to hospitals for rescue. No injuries are found in official games of martial arts repertoire competitions; in sanshou competitions, injuries account for 5. 5% of all athletes of the category, without heavy injuries for hospital rescue. Conclusion Athletes tend to be exposed to greater risk of injury in sanshou than in repertoire competition, headcount of injuries and injury heaviness in test games are higher than official games, probability of injuries of athletes of middle level is higher than those of other levels. Medical staff of professional surgeons of multidisciplinary skills are recommended.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the correlative factors that would affect the prognosis of geriatric lower respiratory infection.METHODS A total of 101 geriatric patients diagnosed as lower respiratory infection were enrolled in emergency ICU.The laboratory tests such as blood chemical tests,C-reactive protein,and troponin T(cTnT)were obtained twice 2 hours and 24 hours after admission,respectively.Other parameters including general condition,clinical outcomes as well as APACHE Ⅱ and SIRS scores within 24 hours were recorded.RESULTS The ages,cTnT and SIRS score were negatively correlated to clinical outcome.CONCLUSIONS The ages,SIRS scores and cTNT levels are independent prognostic factors in geriatric lower respiratory infection.

Objective To discuss the function of Sijunzitang on relieving the exhaustion fatigue of muscle.(Methods Thirty-two) mice were divided into Quiet group,Fatigue group,Nature recovery group and Sijunzitang group.The mice in last three groups swam in the pool for 50 min every day.During exercise 0.2 mL Sijunzitang was injected into each mouse in Sijunzitang group every day.And the same dosage of normal saline was injected into other groups.After exercise,all the mice were killed and taken as material immediately.The technique of cytochemistry and Type MPV2 microspectrophotometer were used to test quantitatively the chemical components of different types(Ⅰ type,Ⅱ_A type and Ⅱ_B type) of muscle fibers in the quadriceps of mice after exhaustion exercise.(Results After) exhaustion exercise the content of glycogen and the activity of SDH in the muscle fibers in Fatigue group reduced remarkably (P

Objective Comparing the effects of steam sterilization on cyclic fatigue of stainless steel files. Meth-ods Fifty instruments of 25# stainless steel K files were randomly divided into 5 groups, which include 10 in each group. Group 1 was the blank control group, group 2 to 5 were subjected to 1, 3, 4, 5 steam sterilization cycles, then the files were tested by a custom-made device to assess cyclic fatigue and the number of cycles of failure (NCF) was calculated. Microstruc-ture of each file’s fracture surface was analyzed by Scanning Electron microscope (SEM). Results NCF in the 5 groups were 4 345.2 ± 384.2,3 937.9 ± 645.4,3 812.9 ± 532.5,3 626.2 ± 380.0,3 625.9 ± 565.6 respectively, and the differences among 5 groups were significantly different(F=2.598, P<0.05). After 4 or 5 times of steam sterilization, cyclic fatigue de-creased if compared with that in control group (P<0.05). Fracture surface in group 1 and group 2 was tough dimple structure and large numbers of regular, deep dimples were distributed on the surface. You could also see micro cavities clearly formed by fracture;Fracture surface in group 4 was dimple structure in brittle intergranular morphology. It is characterized by the presence of thin brittle precipitates, clean and smooth crystal interface, and a great sense of polyhedral stereo. Conclusion After 4 times of steam sterilization, cyclic fatigue strength of 25# stainless steel K files declined, which possessed the poten-tial risk of fracture.

Objective: To analyze the influencing factors for hospitalization costs among stroke patients with different subtypes, so as to provide the reference for reducing the economic burden of patients. Methods: Data of patients with hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke who were discharged from hospitals in Nanshan District, Shenzhen City from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2021 were collected through Hospital Information System. Hospitalization costs were analyzed between hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke patients, and factors affecting hospitalization costs among stroke patients with different subtypes were identified using a structural equation model. Results: A total of 10 298 patients with stroke were recruited, including 2 820 patients with hemorrhagic stroke (27.38%) and 7 478 patients with ischemic stroke (72.62%). The patients with hemorrhagic stroke had a median duration of hospital stay of 19.00 (interquartile range, 18.00) d, and a median hospitalization cost of 26 759.48 (interquartile range, 51 000.87) Yuan. The patients with ischemic stroke had a median duration of hospital stay of 12.00 (interquartile range, 10.00) d, and a median hospitalization cost of 12 199.87 (interquartile range, 13 290.20) Yuan. Structural equation model analysis showed that department of hospitalization, discharge status, ways of leaving hospital, surgery and hypertension had direct effects on hospitalization costs and indirect effects on hospitalization costs through duration of hospital stay among hemorrhagic stroke patients, and duration of hospital stay had the highest total effect (0.684), followed by surgery (0.632). Employment status, admission route, department of hospitalization, ways of leaving hospital, payment mode, surgery and dyslipidemia had direct effects on hospitalization costs and indirect effects on hospitalization costs through duration of hospital stay among ischemic stroke patients, and duration of hospital stay (0.746), surgery (0.424) and department of hospitalization (0.151) ranked the top three in total effects. Conclusion The hospitalization cost is relatively high among stroke patients in Nanshan District, and duration of hospital stay and surgery have great influence on hospitalization costs among stroke patients with different subtypes.

Objective To investigate and detect the immunity characteristics of a conserved sequence including 30 amino residues which is located in the C terminal of HPVL1 .Methods The immune model of mouse was establish with a polypeptide synthetized based on this sequence .The amount of CD3+ ,CD3+CD4+ or CD3+CD8+ lymphocyte of the mouse spleen was detected by Flow cy-tometry ,then the value of CD4+ /CD8+ were calculated .The cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay .Sample was took from the cell supernatant to detect the content of IL-4 and IFN-γby double antibody sandwich ELISA .Results (1)The amount of CD3+CD8+ lymphocytes and the value of CD4+ /CD8+ were significantly increased than control group(P<0 .05) .(2)The result of T cell proliferation showed no significant difference (P>0 .05) .(3)The level of IL 4 were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0 .01) .The content of IFN-γlevel showed no significant difference compared with control group (P>0 .05) .Conclusion The results showed that it was affirmative that the polypeptides induced humoral immunity ,which was worth to be furtherly studied as a preventive vaccine .But its cell immunogenicity is weak ,and the attenmpt to induce the response related to the cell immunogenicity was failed ,and the immunogenicity of the peptide remains to be improved .

Objective To investigate the clinical feature , pathologic characteristics and prognosis of urothelial carcinoma of bladder with squamous differentiation . Methods From Jan.2010 to Jun.2013, the pathological and clinical data of 96 cases of urothelial carcinoma of bladder with or without squamous dif-ferentiation were compared .Of the group with squamous differentiation , there were 39 males and 9 females with a median age of 70 (29 to 87) years.44 cases presented with painless gross hematuria .4 cases presen-ted with finding of bladder tumors in annual physical examination .TURBT, partial cystectomy and radical cystectomy were performed in 25, 8 and 13 cases, respectively.In addition, one case was only underwent bi-lateral ureteral skin gastrostomy .The last one only performed cystoscopy .In accordance with sex , age, path-ological stage and classification and surgical approach , 48 controls were selected .For the other group , there were 40 males and 8 females with a median age of 68 (39 to 86) years.45 cases presented with painless gross hematuria.3 cases presented with finding bladder tumors by annual physical examination .TURBT, par-tial cystectomy and radical cystectomy were performed in 28, 7 and 13 cases, respectively.All patients with retaining bladder had postoperative intravesical instillation for one year .Some patients with or without bladder performed 3-6 cycles chemotherapy with the GC protocol . Results In squamous differentiation group , there were 1 (2.1%) pTa, 25 (52.1%) pT1, 17 (35.4%) pT2, 4 (8.3%) pT3 and 1 (2.1%) pT4 tumors. Whereas, 1 (2.1%) pTa, 28 (58.3%) pT1, 16 (33.3%) pT2, 2 (4.2%) pT3 and 1 (2.1%)pT4 tumors were selected in the control group .There were 2 (4.2%) cases with low grade and 46 (95.8%) cases with high grade carcinomain in both groups .Patients were followed up with a mean duration of 16 and 12 months in squamous differentiation and control group , respectively .In squamous differentiation group , eight recur-rences were recorded with a mean follow-up of 12 months.Of the 3 died patients, only one died from bladder cancer.In control group, seven recurrences were recorded with a mean follow-up of 22 months, and no pa-tient died.For patients with TURBT, 3 year recurrence rate of patients with squamous differentiation was 49.5%, while the control was 34.8%.The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusions Urothelial carcinoma of bladder with squamous differentiation is at a high level of malignant and recurrence . The rate of myometrial invasion with squamous differentiation is higher than pure urothelial bladder cancer . Patients with squamous differentiation should be closely followed up .

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperoxia on the expression of β-defensin-2 mRNA in the lungs in rats. Methods Forty 21-day old male SD rats weighing 50-60 g were randomly divided into 5 groups ( n = 8 each): control group breathing room air (group C) and 4 hyperoxia groups breathing high concentration of oxygen (92%-94% O2 ) for 12, 24, 48 and 72 h respectively (group H1-4 ). The animals were sarificed at the end of O2 breathing. The lungs were removed for microscopic examination and determination of wet/dry lung weight ratio and expression of β-defensin-2 mRNA (by RT-PCR), total NF-κB p65 protein and NF-κB p65 protein in cell nucleus (by Western blot analysis). The level of activation of NF-κB was calculated. Results The W/D lung weight ratio was significantly higher in group H3 and H4than in group C. The lung injury scores were significantly increased and β-defensin-2 mRNA expression was significantly down-regulated in group H1-4 as compared with groups in a duration of hyperoxia dependent manner. The level of activation of NF-κB was up-regulated in group H1-4 compared with group C and peaked at 48 h of hyperoxia (group H3 ). Conclusion Inhalation of high concentration of O2 can induce lung injury by down-regulating lung β-defensin 2 mRNA expression. NF-κB signal transductinn pathway may not be involved in the underlying mechanism.

Anesthesiology rotation is an important part in resident standardization training of surgery. However, there are many problems in the teaching process. For example, the key points of teaching is not clear, the process of teaching is not coherent, and teachers and students lack interaction. The Rotation Record is introduced in order to solve those problems. The Rotation Record effectively reflects the fundamental process and major learning point of anesthesiology department which contains three items: the usage and recording of instrument; the communication and the basic knowledge and operating skills of anesthesia. The Rotation Record can initiate learning activity, emphasize important contents, supervise and urge teaching and improve the learning effect. By introducing Rotation Record, the assessment results in the surgical residency in anesthesiology has greatly improved compared to the previous ones, and has effectively improved the teaching quality of anesthesia.