Antiradiation drugs, also known as radioprotective agents, can prevent humans from radiation injury,reduce the clinical symptoms of radiation sickness,promote early recovery and reduce morbidity or mortality.Early developments of such agents focused on thiol synthetic compounds, such as amifostine (WR 2721).This compound reduced mortality, but its disadvantages, such as large use and high toxicity, limited its use in clinical practice.To find a suitable radioprotective agent is crucial to reducing side effects induced by ionizing radiation and increasing survival rate in patients during radiotherapy.In this paper, the classification and mechanism of radioprotective agents are reviewed and future developments in this field are predicted.

Objective:To observe the influence of the CD96 and CD71 expressions in the surface of leukemia stem cells (LSC) in the therapeutic effects and prognosis of the children with acute leukemia,and to clarify the relationships between the molecular biological characteristics of LSC in the children with leukemia and their therapeutic effects and prognosis.Methods:Eighty children with acute leukemia were selected as the subjects.Among them, 39 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and 41 cases were acute myeloid leukemia (AML).The CD96 and CD71 expressions on the surface of LSC were detected with flow cytometry;the therapeutic effects of the first cycle chemotherapy, the survival rate of 5-year, the incidence of infection after chemotherapy, the recurrence rate after chemotherapy, and the incidence of extramedullary infiltration of the children were observed and compared.Results: The CD96 expression on the surface of LSC was positive in 38 cases (47.5%) and the CD71 expression on the surface of LSC was positive in 45 cases (56.3%);the difference of positive expression rates of CD96 and CD71 was not significant (χ2=1.227, P=0.268).The positive expression rates of CD96 and CD71 on the surface of LSC of the children with AML were significantly higher than those in the children with ALL, and the differences were statistically significant (χ2=22.225, χ2=34.028, P<0.01).The distribution of therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the first cycle chemotherap, in the children with negative CD96 expression on the surface of LSC were superior to those with positive CD96 expression on the surface of LSC;the distribution of therapeutic effects and the clinical efficiency of the first cycle chemotherapy in the children with negative CD71 expression on the surface of LSC were superior than those with positive CD71 expression on the surface of LSC;the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=11.323, χ2=16.589, P<0.05;U=2.939, U=2.291, P<0.05).The survival rate of 5-year in the children with negative CD96 expression on the surface of LSC was higher than those with positive CD96 expression;the incidence of infection after chemotherapy,the recurrence rate after chemotherapy and the incidence of extramedullary infiltration were lower than those with positive CD96 expression.The incidence of infection after chemotherapy and the recurrence rate after chemotherapy in the children with negative CD71 expression on the surface of LSC were lower than those with positive CD71 expression,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (χ2=5.051,χ2=13.288, P<0.05).Conclusion: The expressions of CD96 and CD71 on the surface of LSC in the children with acute leukemia has relationship with the subtypes of the disease and the therapeutic effects of the first cycle chemotherapy, which can be used as markers for the diagnosis and evaluation of therapeutic effects.The expression level of CD96 is related to the prognosis of the patients, which can be used as an indicator for predicting the prognosis of patients.

A high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric( HPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for the simultaneous determination of four phenolic and salicylanilide anthelmintics including nitroxinil, oxyclozanide, closantel and rafoxanide in cattle and ovine tissues. Muscle, liverand kidney were extracted with acetonitrile-acetone(60:40, V/V)and fat with 1% triethylamine in acetonitrile, then the extract was purified with MAX solid-phase extraction column. Qualitative and quantitative analysiswas achieved by HPLC-MS/MS undernegative multiple reaction monitoring ( MRM) mode. Good correlation coefficients were obtained (R>0. 99) in the concentration range of 1-100 μg/L. The limits of detection (LOD) and limits of qualification (LOQ) for the four compounds were 1 and 2. 5 μg/kg, respectively. The mean recoveries at the four levels of LOQ, 0. 5 maximum residue limit (MRL), MRL, 2MRL were between 71% and 112%,with the intra-day relative standard deviation(RSD)in the range of 1. 1%-14. 0%and inter-day RSD in the range of 6. 4%-14. 7%. Forty samples from the market were analyzed with the method, only two samples were found to show phenolic and salicylanilide anthelmintics residues.

Objective To observe the clinical effect of treating adenomyosis uterine artery embolization (UAE)after interventional therapy for adenomyosis with Huayuxiaojie decoction. Methods A total of 40 patients with adenomyosis were randomly recruited into a control group and a treatment group. 20 patients in the control group were not given any medical treatment after interventional operation; while 20 patients in the treatment group were given the decoction of Huayuxiaojie after intervention. Changes of menstrual blood volume, menalgia degree, CA125 and uterine volume of all patients were investigated after the treatment. Results Patients in the treatment group showed significantly better results than the control group in the improvement of menstrual blood volume, dysmenorrhea, CA 125, and uterine volume (P＜0.05) .Conclusion Huayuxiaojie decoction was effective in relieving menalgia, adjusting menorrhagia, soothing bellyache,reducing fever of syndromes after interventional operation of adenomyosis.

Node negative breast cancer is a prevalent form of breast cancer .With the improvement of breast cancer screening and disease awareness ,the rates of node negative breast cancer are gradually increasing . Although node negative breast cancer patients have much lower recurrence rates as compared with node positive patients,node-negative breast cancer is unequal to a low risk disease .Thus,it is important for oncologist to esti-mate the risk factors of node negative disease ,to carry out risk assessment and to guide the best regimen for these patients.In current review ,we discuss the value of traditional prognostic factors and new prognostic factors ,such as the urokinase -type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,oncotype DX,MammaPrint and tumor associated macrophages ,on the predictive and treatment decisions in node negative breast cancer .

Objective To explore the significances of expression of tumor associated macrophages ( TAMs) and its correlation with microvessel density ( MVD) in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) .Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TAMs and MVD expression in 108 TNBC tissues and to analyze the cor-relation between TAMs with clinicopathological features ,prognosis and MVD.Results The expression of TAMs was correlated with the tumor size,lymph node metastasis,histological grade,TNM stage and MVD,but had no statistically significant association with age .TAMs was correlated with 5 year disease free survival ( DFS) and over-all survival( OS);MVD was correlated with 5 year DFS, while no correlation with OS .Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TAMs was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with TNBC .Conclusion High infiltration of TAMs indicated poor survival rate for patients with TNBC .The infiltration of TAMs was a new,important risk factor for TNBC recurrence .TAMs were closely related to MVD ,by promoting tumor angiogen-esis,thereby promoting TNBC growth ,invasion and metastasis ,and further affect the prognosis of patients with TN-BC.

Objective To summarize the clinical features and possible impacts of Goodpasture's syndrome in pregnancy on the pulmonary and kidney of the newborn and the mothers. Methods One patient diagnosed Goodpasture's syndrome in pregnancy hospitalized in Peking Union Medical College Hospital on August 23 in 2011 delivered a neonate with bullae of lung. And literatures including 8 cases of pregnancy complicated by Goodpasture's syndrome worldwide through Medline were reviewed. Results (1) Case report:one 31-year-old women presented with acute renal failure at 30+6 weeks of gestation and delivered a male infant with birth weight 1 900 g by caesarean section at 31+1 weeks of gestation. Diagnosis was confirmed as Goodpasture's syndrome with anti-glomerular basement membrane(GBM) antibodies in serum and renal biopsy after delivery. Then she was treated with methylprednisolone, cyclophosphamide, plasmapheresis and dialysis. The neonate showed the lung bullae in the right middle lobe and bilateral intraventricular hemorrhage but renal function was transient normal with anti-GBM as 113.1 EU/ml. The baby was treated by glucocorticoid for two months and clinical symptoms were improved. Anti-GBM antibodies and chest CT showed normal. After been followed up for two years, the baby was normal. (2) Literatures review:the main manifestations of Goodpasture's syndrome in pregnancy were malignant hypertension and renal failure but respiratory symptoms were not obvious. Treated with plasmapheresis, hematodialysis and glucocorticoid maybe have good effects. Most cases had premature delivery. Neonatal anti-GBM antibodies coming from mothers could result to cerebral, renal and pulmonary injury which could be treated by glucocorticoid. Conclusions The Clinical features of pregnancy complicating the Goodpasture's syndrome are malignant hypertension and renal failure. Diagnosis was depended on positive anti-GBM antibodies and renal pathological changes and treatment were depended on plasmapheresis, hematodialysis and glucocorticoid. Neonatal cerebral, renal and pulmonary injury resulting from anti-GBM antibodies coming from mothers should be followed up, and glucocorticoid should be taken if necessary.

Objective To compare the biochemical and immunological parameters and histopathological characteristics in the patients with autoimmune hepatitis (AIH),biliary cirrhosis (PBC)and AIH/PBC overlap syndrome,and to provide basis for working out the reference standard of clinical diagnosis and reasonable treatment.Methods 135 cases of autoimmune liver disease patients were selected,including 49 cases of AIH patients,43 cases of PBC patients, and 43 cases of AIH/PBC overlap syndrome patients. The biochemical, immunological parameters and histopathological changes of the patients were detected. The patients with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome were treated with different therapy methods including ursodesoxycholic acid (UDCA ) treatment,prednisone treatment and combination treatment with UDCA and prednisone,and the effectiveness of different treatment programs were evaluated.Results The activities of GGT and ALP and IgM level of the patients in the AIH/PBC group were significantly higher than those in AIH group,there were significant differences (P<0.05);the activities of ALT and AST and IgG level of the patients in AIH/PBC group was significantly higher than those in PBC group,there were significant differences (P<0.05).The detection rates of AMA and AMA M2 of the patients in AIH/PBC group were higher than those in AIH group, there were significant differences (P<0.05);the detection rates of ANA and SMA of the patients in AIH/PBC group were higher than those in PBC group,there were significant differences (P<0.05).There were high incidence of piecemeal necrosis (100.0%), liver cell rosette-like changes (83.72%)and bile duct lesions (69.77%)of the patients in AIH/PBC group.The effective percentage in combination therapy group was 85.7% which was significantly higher than those in various drug alone groups (P< 0.05 ). Conclusion The changes of biochemical and immunological indicators and pathological features of the patients with AIH/PBC overlap syndrome are in combination with the particular indicators of AIH and PBC which would provide the diagnostic basis for AIH/PBC overlap syndrome. The combined therapy for AIH/PBC overlap syndrome is effective and should be popularized.

Objective To evaluate the nutritional status of extremely low birth weight (ELBW) infants and the effects of nutritional support strategy alterations on their growth during hospitalization.Method From 2005 to 2014,clinical data of ELBW infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) in our hospital were retrospectively analyzed.The clinical data included their general status,enteral and parental nutritional support strategy and complications during hospitalization The patients were assigned into pre5 group and late5 group.Those who survived and discharged from 2005 to 2009 were the pre5 group,and those who survived and discharged fromn 2010 to 2014 were the late5 group.The independent t test and chi square test were used for statistical analysis.Result A total of 58 ELBW infants were enrolled in the study,including 18 patients in the pre5 group and 40 in the late5 group.No statistically significant differences existed between the two groups on gestational age,birth weight,Z score (weight for length and gender),birth length,head circumference and main complications during hospitalization (P ＞0.05).Pre5 group had higher incidence of small for gestational age (SGA) than late5 group (16/18 vs.25/40,P =0.037),while the EUGR ratio at discharge (14/18 vs.21/40,P =0.061) was similar.When compared with pre5 group,late5 group had larger amount of initial enteral feeding volume [4.4 ml/(kg · d) vs.2.4 ml/(kg · d),P =0.014] and feeding volume at the end of the first week [(19.8 ± 16.0) ml/(kg · d) vs.(12.2 ±9.5) ml/(kg · d),P =0.036].Similarly,the starting dose of amino acids in parenteral nutrition [2.0g/(kg· d) vs.1.0 g/(kg· d),P＜0.001],maximum dose of amino acids [4.0g/(kg.d) vs.3.5 g/(kg · d),P ＜ 0.001],total calories at the end of the first week [(82.6 ± 12.6) kcal/(kg · d) vs.(71.1±15.2) kcal/(kg· d),P=0.004] and the second week [(103.7 ±19.8) kcal/(kg· d) vs.(92.3 ± 17.9) kcal/(kg · d),P =0.041],the weight gain velocity from birth to discharge [(18.7 ± 2.9) g/(kg.d) vs.(16.9±2.8) g/(kg· d),P=0.031] and change of Z scores (AZ) [-0.6 (-1.0,-0.4) vs.-1.2 (-1.6,-0.8),P =0.004] showed significantl differences between the two groups,with better outcomes in late5 group.However,the duration of parenteral nutrition,the total amount of amino acids,the time reaching total enteral feeding,the length of hospital stay were similar between the two groups.Ten cases(61.1％)of infants in pre5 group were breastfed,and four of them used human milk fortifier (HMF) (fortified rate was 22％).32 cases (80％) in late5 group were breastfed and 23 cases used HMF (fortified rate was 57.5％).The time to initiate HMF in the late5 group was at (30.2 ± 13.2) days,and human milk amount was (89.9 ± 34.5) ml/kg,fortified duration was (32.8 ± 15.7) days.Conclusion The enteral feeding strategy were more vigorous in the last 5 years than before,the initial feeding volume,the increasing rate,the initial dosage of amino acid,and maximum dosage of amino acid had been increased.Human milk and HMF of preterm infants were preferred.The vigorous nutritional support strategy were effective for the weight gain of ELBW infants without obvious side effects during hospitalization.