Miscanthus sinensis Anderss is a perennial C4-grass. It is a promising bioenergy plant, which has been proposed as general feedstock for biomass and lignocellulosic biofuel production. In this study, the flower and leaf buds transcriptomes of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss were sequenced by the platform of Illumina HiSeq 2000. In total 98 326 Unigenes were generated by de novo assembly with an average length of 822 bp and N50 of 1 023 bp. Based on the NR, NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, GO and COG databases (Evalue < le-5), 74 134 (75.40%) Unigenes were annotated. A total of 45 507 Unigenes were mapped into different GO terms. In KEGG pathways identification, 36 710 sequences were assigned to 128 KEGG pathways. Sorghum bicolor (37 731, 60.86%), Zea mays (16 258, 26.22%), and Oryza sativa (3 065, 4.94%) showed high similarity to Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. And 24 photosynthesis-related enzyme genes were identified. The result provides a foundation for further characterizing the functional genes in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.
Biofuels ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; Poaceae ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Plant ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

Streptomyces S24 has broad spectrum against Aspergillus spp. in food and feed, such as Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Asperegillus alutacells. The objective of this study was to improve the production of antifungal substances produced by S24 and to test their inhibitory effects on Aspergillus flavus. By using one-factor-at-a-time experiment and orthogonal design method, we optimized the fermentation medium. The composition of an optimized medium for the production of antifungal substances contained (g/L): starch soluble, 10; Glucose, 40; yeast extract, 8; soybean powder, 24; KH2PO4 4; and CaCO3 0.8. As a result, the productivity of antifungal substances could reach to 10 235.45 microg/mL, and this value was 2.81 times higher than that of initial medium before optimization. Additionally, inhibitory effects of the products on Aspergillus flavus were analyzed. Antagonistic tests indicated that the antifungal substances greatly inhibited mycelium growth and spores germination of Aspergillus flavus. We observed through microscope that the mycelia grew abnormally, such as contorting, bulging, vacuole increasing and the cytoplasmic contents inside effusing and the spores appeared unusual, such as gathering, deforming, cytoplasmic contents inside effusing and fracturing.
Adsorption ; Antifungal Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Aspergillus flavus ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Aspergillus niger ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Culture Media ; chemistry ; Food Contamination ; prevention & control ; Streptomyces ; chemistry ; growth & development ; metabolism

Objective To evaluate the role of H1 receptor in inflammatory responses during ventila-tor-induced lung injury ( VILI) in rats. Methods Thirty clean-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 9-10 weeks, weighing 250-300 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), VILI group (group V) and H1 receptor antagonist clemastine group ( group Cle) . The animals were anesthetized and tracheostomized, and the rats in group C kept spon-taneous breathing. The rats were mechanically ventilated for 4 h with the tidal volume of 40 ml/kg, respira-tory rate 40 breaths/min, inspiratory/expiratory ratio 1 : 1, and inspired oxygen fraction ratio 21％ in group V. In group Cle, clemastine 0. 9 mg/kg was intramuscularly injected at 30 min before anesthesia, the ani-mals were tracheostomized after being anesthetized, and then the rats were mechanically ventilated with the same ventilator settings as group V. The animals were sacrificed at 4 h of ventilation, bronchoalveolar lav-age fluid ( BALF) was collected for determination of concentrations of total protein, interleukin-6 ( IL-6) , tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α) , and the lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination of pathologic changes and for determination of wet/dry weight ratio ( W/D ratio ) . Results Compared with group C, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF and W/D ratio were significantly in-creased in group V (P＜0. 05). Compared with group V, the concentrations of total protein, IL-6 and TNF-αin BALF and W/D ratio were significantly decreased in group Cle ( P＜0. 05) . The pathologic chan-ges of lung tissues were significantly attenuated in group Cle as compared with group V. Conclusion H1 receptor is involved in the process of inflammatory responses during VILI in rats.

Tinnitus and anxiety disorder are common clinical symptoms. Comorbidity between tinnitus and anxiety state is increasing year by year. The relationship between tinnitus and anxiety state has always been a hot topic, and this paper reviews the literature on the relationship between chronic subjective tinnitus and anxiety state in recent years.
Humans ; Tinnitus/diagnosis* ; Anxiety ; Anxiety Disorders/epidemiology* ; Comorbidity