Objective To detect the protein expression of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and its receptor (GnRH-R) in various endometrial tissues, and to investigate its significance. Methods Immunohistochemistry was employed to analyse the protein expression and localization of GnRH and GnRH-R from endometriosis(EMS), endometrial hyperplasia, endometrial carcinoma and control group. Results GnRH and GnRH-R are expressed at the protein level in all eutopic endometrium, in 50% ectopic endometrium and 92.3% endometrial hyperplasia, while the expressional rate in endometrial carcinoma are 58.8% and 82.4%, respectively. The majority of GnRH and GnRH-R existed in the plasma of glandular epithelium cells and some stroma cells. Conclusions There exists GnRH and its receptor proteins in endometrial tissues, and their abundant expression in endometriosis, endometrial hyperplasia and in endometrial carcinoma may imply that they could be used in clinical diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of narrow-band ultraviolet B (NB-UVB) on the expression of keratin 17 (K17) in the human keratinocyte cell line HaCaT.Methods Cultured HaCaT cells were irradiated with different doses (0,50,100,200,400 mJ/cm2) of NB-UVB followed by additional culture for 6,12 and 24 hours respectively.To explore the mechanisms underlying the effects of NB-UVB on K17 expression,some HaCaT cells were pretreated with PD98059 (an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase) followed by UVB radiation and additional culture as described above.Cell counting kit-8 (CCK 8) was used to evaluate the proliferation of,real time PCR to measure the mRNA expressions of K17 in,and Western blot to determine the protein expression of K17,Erk1/2 and phosphorylated Erk1/2 in,HaCaT ceils.Results Both the proliferation of and K17 expression in HaCaT cells were promoted by NB-UVB radiation at low doses (50,100 mJ/cm2),but inhibited by NB-UVB radiation at high doses (200,400 mJ/cm2).Significant differences were observed for the proliferative activity between HaCaT cells irradiated with NB-UVB at 100 or 400 mJ/cm2 and unirradiated HaCaT ceils at 12 and 24 hours (P ＜ 0.01 or 0.05).The phosphorylation of Erk1/2 was upregulated by NB-UVB radiation at 100 mJ/cm2,but downregulated by that at 400 mJ/cm2,and the upregulation induced by low dose NB-UVB could be suppressed by blocking the Erk 1/2 pathway.Conclusion The effects of NB-UVB radiation on K17 expression may be modulated by the Erk 1/2 pathway.

Miscanthus sinensis Anderss is a perennial C4-grass. It is a promising bioenergy plant, which has been proposed as general feedstock for biomass and lignocellulosic biofuel production. In this study, the flower and leaf buds transcriptomes of Miscanthus sinensis Anderss were sequenced by the platform of Illumina HiSeq 2000. In total 98 326 Unigenes were generated by de novo assembly with an average length of 822 bp and N50 of 1 023 bp. Based on the NR, NT, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, GO and COG databases (Evalue < le-5), 74 134 (75.40%) Unigenes were annotated. A total of 45 507 Unigenes were mapped into different GO terms. In KEGG pathways identification, 36 710 sequences were assigned to 128 KEGG pathways. Sorghum bicolor (37 731, 60.86%), Zea mays (16 258, 26.22%), and Oryza sativa (3 065, 4.94%) showed high similarity to Miscanthus sinensis Anderss. And 24 photosynthesis-related enzyme genes were identified. The result provides a foundation for further characterizing the functional genes in Miscanthus sinensis Anderss.
Biofuels ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genes, Plant ; Poaceae ; genetics ; metabolism ; RNA, Plant ; genetics ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Transcriptome

At present, the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 is still serious, and the prevention and control of this epidemic is taken seriously throughout the country. As one of the most common acute abdominal diseases in hepatobiliary surgery, gallstones with acute cholecystitis has sudden onset and rapid progression and thus requires early diagnosis and timely and effective treatment. During the prevention and control of the epidemic, patients should be admitted properly to reduce nosocomial infection. Gallstones with acute cholecystitis is often accompanied by pyrexia, and therefore, the presence or absence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection should be clarified. Treatment regimen should be selected appropriately and individualized treatment measures should be developed. While ensuring that patients receive timely and effective diagnosis and treatment, hospitals should adopt prevention and control measures for patients and their caregivers to reduce nosocomial infection. The personal protection of medical personnel should also be taken seriously, and scientific measures should be implemented to guarantee their safety.

Common bile duct stones are a common of digestive system disease, and as one of the long-term complications after Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy, it has attracted more and more attention from clinicians. Common bile duct stones after Billroth II subtotal gastrectomy have a complex pathogenesis, including neurological, humoral, and mechanical factors. Even though there are many methods to remove stones, there are still controversies over the selection of digestive endoscopy, surgical operation, or percutaneous transhepatic approach. Clinicians should fully evaluate the specific conditions of patients and formulate individualized treatment regimens to achieve the best treatment outcome.

Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is a key regulator of innate and adaptive immune response. The role of TLR4 in pancreatic diseases is a research hotspot in recent years, and a large number of studies have shown that TLR4 is closely associated with pancreatic cancer. This article mainly discusses the abnormal expression and regulation mechanism of TLR4 in pancreatic cancer and its potential in cancer treatment, so as to provide new ideas for the pathogenesis and treatment of pancreatic cancer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage in the treatment of hydrocephalus.

METHODSFifty-two cases of hydrocephalus randomized into two groups to receive laparoscopic assisted ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage (19 male and 7 female patients) and conventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt (20 male and 6 female patients). The catheterization time in the abdominal cavity, release time of intracranial hypertension, average hospital stay, postoperative pains, and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSLaparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage was performed successfully in all the cases without intraoperative conversion to open surgery. Compared with the conventional ventriculoperitoneal shunt, laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage was associated with significantly shortened catheterization time in the abdominal cavity, release time of intracranial hypertension, and average hospital stay (P<0.01) as well as lowered postoperative pain score at 4, 8, 16, and 24 h after the operation. The pain scores at 48 and 72 h postoperatively were comparable between the two groups. During the follow-up 3 months, the patients receiving laparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt were found to have significantly lower rates of peritoneal end obstruction and abdominal cavity infection than those having conventional shunt (3.8% vs 19.2%, P<0.01; 1.0% vs 23.1%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONLaparoscopic ventriculoperitoneal shunt with temporary external drainage is feasible and produces better clinical therapeutic effect for management of hydrocephalus.

Abdominal Cavity ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Hydrocephalus ; surgery ; Laparoscopy ; Male ; Treatment Outcome ; Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt ; methods

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical effect of laparoscopic splenectomy and pericardial devascularization (LSPD) in patients with portal hypertension and the long-term effect of LSPD. MethodsA total of 40 portal hypertension patients with Child-Pugh A/B liver function who received LSPD in The First Hospital of Jilin University from August to December 2017 were enrolled as surgical group, and 44 portal hypertension patients with Child-Pugh A/B liver function who received conservative treatment during the same period of time was enrolled as internal medicine group. The patients were followed up to June 30, 2019, and liver function parameters, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and portal vein thrombosis were recorded for all patients at each time point. The t-test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups; an analysis of variance was used for comparison between multiple groups, and the Bonferroni test was used for further comparison between two groups. The Kruskal-Wallis H test was used for comparison of continuous data with skewed distribution; between multiple groups, and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for further comparison between two groups. The chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between groups. ResultsAt 6, 12, and 24 months after discharge, compared with the internal medicine group, the surgical group had a significantly higher level of cholinesterase (t=3.527, 3.849, and 5.555, all P＜0.05) and a significantly lower Child-Pugh score (t=2.498, 2.138, and 2.081, all P＜0.05). Compared with the internal medicine group at 12 and 24 months after discharge, the surgical group had a significantly higher level of albumin (t=3.120 and 2.587, both P＜0.05) and a significantly lower incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (χ2=4.947 and 5.155, both P＜0.05). At 24 months after discharge, the surgical group had a significantly lower number of patients who had a significant increase in alpha-fetoprotein level than the internal medicine group (χ2=4.648, P=0.031). At 12 months after discharge, the surgical group had a significantly higher incidence rate of portal vein thrombosis than the internal medicine group (χ2=4.395, P=0.036). The surgical group had significant improvements in albumin (F=2.959, P=0.013), cholinesterase (F=11.022, P＜0001), prothrombin time (H=94.100, P＜0.001), and Child-Pugh score (F=3.742, P=0.003) from admission to 12 and 24 months after surgery. ConclusionIn portal hypertension patients with Child-Pugh A/B liver function, LSPD can improve liver function and reduce the incidence rate of upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and the high incidence rate of portal vein thrombosis can be effectively reduced by oral aspirin and rivaroxaban.

Objective To investigate the effect of self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal For-mula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets on uterine recovery in patients with residual intrau-terine tissue after childbirth.Methods A total of 120 patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth were randomly selected.According to the simple randomization method,60 patients were assigned to control group(n=60)and experimental group(n=60).In the control group,patients were treated with a placebo of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules combined with Misopros-tol Tablets.In the experimental group,patients were treated with self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets.The clinical efficacy,syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine,residual area of intrauterine tissue,uterine recovery indicators(sum of three uterine diameters and rate of uterine fundus descent),ultrasound blood flow parameters,matrix alloproteinase-9(MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),vaginal bleeding,adverse reactions,and uterine curettage rate were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment,there were statistically significant differences in the syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and residual area of intrauterine tissue compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and residual area of intrauterine tissue in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the sum of three uterine di-ameters between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The sum of three uterine diameters in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment(P＜0.05).The rate of uterine fun-dus descent in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the resistance index(RI),end-diastolic peak blood flow velocity(EDV),peak systolic blood flow velocity(PSV),and pulsatility index(PI)of the uterine spiral artery between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those be-fore treatment(P＜0.05).The EDV and PSV in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment,while the RI and PI were higher(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the serum levels of matrix metalloprotein-ase-9(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment(P＜0.05).The duration of vaginal bleeding in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group,and the amount of vaginal bleeding was better in the experimental group(P＜0.05).The uterine curettage rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth.It can improve clinical symp-toms,uterine blood circulation,reduce the residual area of intrauterine tissue,promote uterine re-covery,improve vaginal bleeding,reduce the rate of uterine curettage,and exert its effect by correc-ting the imbalance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.

Objective To investigate the effect of self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal For-mula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets on uterine recovery in patients with residual intrau-terine tissue after childbirth.Methods A total of 120 patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth were randomly selected.According to the simple randomization method,60 patients were assigned to control group(n=60)and experimental group(n=60).In the control group,patients were treated with a placebo of traditional Chinese medicine formula granules combined with Misopros-tol Tablets.In the experimental group,patients were treated with self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets.The clinical efficacy,syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine,residual area of intrauterine tissue,uterine recovery indicators(sum of three uterine diameters and rate of uterine fundus descent),ultrasound blood flow parameters,matrix alloproteinase-9(MMP-9),tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1),vaginal bleeding,adverse reactions,and uterine curettage rate were analyzed.Results The total effective rate of treatment in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).After 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment,there were statistically significant differences in the syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and residual area of intrauterine tissue compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The syndrome score of traditional Chinese medicine and residual area of intrauterine tissue in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the sum of three uterine di-ameters between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The sum of three uterine diameters in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment(P＜0.05).The rate of uterine fun-dus descent in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the resistance index(RI),end-diastolic peak blood flow velocity(EDV),peak systolic blood flow velocity(PSV),and pulsatility index(PI)of the uterine spiral artery between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those be-fore treatment(P＜0.05).The EDV and PSV in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment,while the RI and PI were higher(P＜0.05).There were statistically significant differences in the serum levels of matrix metalloprotein-ase-9(MMP-9)and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1(TIMP-1)between the two groups after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment compared with those before treatment(P＜0.05).The serum levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group after 1 week and 2 weeks of treatment(P＜0.05).The duration of vaginal bleeding in the experimental group was shorter than that in the control group,and the amount of vaginal bleeding was better in the experimental group(P＜0.05).The uterine curettage rate in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The combination of self-prescribed Paizhuo Qinggong Herbal Formula Granule combined with Misoprostol Tablets is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with residual intrauterine tissue after childbirth.It can improve clinical symp-toms,uterine blood circulation,reduce the residual area of intrauterine tissue,promote uterine re-covery,improve vaginal bleeding,reduce the rate of uterine curettage,and exert its effect by correc-ting the imbalance of MMP-9 and TIMP-1.