Objective: To compare the fracture resistance of pulpless teeth restored with three types of post core.Methods: A total of 21 recently extracted sound upper incisors were randomly distributed into 3 groups. In group A the teeth were restored with prefabricated glass fiber post and composite core; in group B with custom cast titanium alloy post and core; and in group C with Ni Cr alloy dowel core. The size and shape of posts were identical in the 3 groups. All teeth were fully covered with Ni Cr alloy cast crown. Fracture resistance was measured by applying a point force at 130 degrees to the long axis of the teeth. Results: Mean fracture threshold was (276.6?15.1)N in group A, (394.7?29.1)N in group B and (373.4? 53.8 )N in group C. In group B and C, however, fracture always affected the tooth itself,whereas in group A,the core always failed first. Conclusion: Fiber reinforced composite(FRC) post may meet the clinical need, FRC post combined with composite core may prevent tooth root from fracture.

Objective; To study the chromatic distribution of the chromatic value of Vitapan 3D- Master shade guide in color space. Methods: The color space of.Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide was measured and analyzed with CIE-1976-L* a* b. system and MINOLTA chromatic instrument (CR-321 ) under D65 standard source. Results: 26 shades of Vitapan 3D-Master could be divided into 5 groups according to the 3-dimensional layers. Inside the 2nd, 3th and 4th group, 6 shades distributed as equidistant ring circling M2 shade because their hue and chroma were different. The hue of L1. 5 and L2. 5 deflected to yellow, R1.5 and R2. 5 to red,that of M1-3 was intervenient. Conclusion: Vitapan 3D-Master shade guide is equidistant in color space and can be used more effeciently than Vitapan classical. Its chromatic value distribution perfectly and evenly covered color region of nature tooth.

Objective To investigate the effect of reinfusion of drained bile and pancreatic juice on the outcome of pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD).Methods The clinical data of 51 patients who received PD at the Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College from June 2005 to March 2009 were retrospectively analyzed.Nineteen patients received external drainage of bile and pancreatic juice ( ED group) and the other 32 patients received external drainage and intraintestinal administration of autologous bile and pancreatic juice (ID group).The daily volume of output of bile and pancreatic juice,intraoperative condition,tolerance of enteral nutrition,liver function and nutritional parameters of the 2 groups were detected.All data were analyzed by using chi-square test,Fisher exact test,independent t test,Mann-Whitney U test and one-way analysis of variance.Results The pulmonary infection rate of ID group was 3％ (1/32) after operation,which was significantly lower than 26％ (5/19) of the ED group (P ＜ 0.05).The output of pancreatic juice in the ID group was significantly lower than that in the ED group since postoperative day 4 ( t =7.143,9.244,8.808,7.915,6.461,14.097,15.038,P ＜ 0.05 ).There was no significant difference in the daily output of bile between the 2 groups.The incidence of diarrhea in the ID group was 9％ (3/32) after nutritional support,which was significantly lower than 37％ (7/19) of ED group (P＜0.05).The duration of achieving targeted enteral feeding in the ID was 3 days,which was significantly shorter than 4 days of the ED group ( U =145.000,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of total bilirubin ( TBil),direct bilirubin (DBil) and indirect bilirubin (IBil) were (261 ± 108 ),( 132 + 55 ) and ( 129 + 55 ) μmol/L in the ID group,and (239 ±92),( 12A ±46) and ( 116 ±46) μmol/L in the ED group before operation.The levels of TBil,DBil and IBil were (39 ± 19),(20 ± 10) and ( 19 +9) μmol/L in the ID group,and (55 ±22),(29 ± 12) and (26 ±11 ) μmol/L in the ED group at 12 days after nutritional support.There were significant differences in the decrease of TBil,DBil and IBil between the 2 groups ( t =7.324,8.437,5.827,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were (0.261 ± 0.021 ) g/L,(34.3 ± 2.8 ) mg/L,(3.08 + 0.26 ) g/L in the ID group,and (0.263 ±0.021)g/L,(33.8 +3.5)mg/L and (3.10 +0.27)g/L in the ED group before operation.The levels of serum prealbumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin decreased significantly after operation,and then got increased 3 days after nutritional support.The levels of serum albumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin were (0.238 ±0.025)g/L,(30.7 ±2.0)mg/L,(2.78 ±0.19)g/L in the ID group,and (0.222 +0.025)g/L,(29.3 ±2.1)mg/L and (2.63 +0.21)g/L in the ED group at 12 days after nutritional support.The levels of serum albumin,retinol binding protein and transferrin in the ID group were significantly higher than those in the ED group (t=4.615,6.097,4.913,P＜0.05).Conclusion Reinfusion of external drained bile and pancreatic juice after PD could enhance the tolerance of patients in early enteral nutrition,reduce incidence of pneumonia,promote decrease of serum bilirubin and improve the nutritional status.

Objective To explore the possible role and mechanism of the Kupffer cells (KCs) in liver allo-geneic transplantation at the early stage. Methods In vitro cell contact coculture system was established. Culture supernatants were collected respectively on the 1st, 2nd, 4th, 6th d after cocul-ture and the KCs and PBMCs were harvested on the 6th day after culture. The expression of HLA-G on the membrane of the KCs and PBMCs was detected with immunochemistry. Nitrate reduction test was used to determine the concentration of nitric oxide. IFN-γ, IL-10, TGF-β1 cytokine levels in the supernatants were also measured with ELISA. The proliferation of lymphocytes was evaluated with MTT. Results six days later, no HLA-G molecules were detected on the membrane of the KCs and PBMCs. In the experimental group containing KCs, the levels of NO, IL-10 and TGF-β1 was signifi-cantly increased(P<0. 05), while the levels of IFN-γ was relatively lower(P<0. 05) as compared to the experimental group without KCs. No IL-10 and IFN-γ were detected in the control group, and on-ly few NO and TGF-β1 was found in the control group with KCs. MTT test showed that the value of optical density was lower in the experimental group with KCs than that in any other group(P<0. 05).Conclusion No HLA-G is expressed on the membrane of KCs and PBMCs after contact coculture.KCs may participate in regulating production of NO and Th2/Th3-like cytokines and suppressing the proliferation of lymphocytes, through which KCs probably take part in inducing immunotolerance of liver transplantation in early stage.

Objective To document retrospectively long-term quality of life (QOF) and safety of living kidney donors.Methods A total of 219 living-related kidney donors which can be followed up had donated their kidneys between May 2004 and Sap.2011.The renal function,complications and QOF were estimaged.Results Donors included 104 men and 115 women with age from 19 to 66 years.Follow-up period was from 12 to 103 months.No cases died.The mean serum creatinine (Scr) was (84.0± 18.7) μmol/L and creatinine clearance (Ccr) was (1.23 ± 0.37) ml/s over 12 months postoperation.The average Ccr was lower in donors age over 50 years than in younger donors.The kidney function was still abnormal in 3 elder donors at end of the study.Thirty donors had hypertension including 5 newly cases.Microscopic hematuria was found in 4 cases.Hyperlipidemia developed in 3 cases.Mild anemia occurred in 2 cases.Femoral head necrosis occured in 1 case.Majority of 18.26％ donors (40 cases) reported weak healthy feeling (mild impact in 31 cases,moderate impact in 7 cases and severe impact in 2 cases).Thirty-five donors reported mild pain of incision (31 cases occasionally,and 4 cases frequently).Conclusion Living kidney donors have good long-term QOF and safety though there still exist risks of renal impact.Close follow-up is required especially in elderly donors.Compliance of donors needs to be further improved.

Objective To explore the relationship between thyroid hormone and colorectal adenomatous polyps (CAP) in middle-aged and elderly people.Methods We surveyed 3 042 middle-aged employees and retirees aged 45 years and over at a petrochemical enterprise of Ningbo.Their colonoscopic findings,body mass index,waist circumference and thyroid function were analyzed.Results Age and serum free triiodothyronine (FT3) of females with CAP were higher than those of the corresponding non-CAP group,so were age and waist circumference of males with CAP (P ＜ 0.05).Furthermore,these differences were statistically significant.The detection rate of CAP was significantly higher in males than in females (x2 =49.418,P ＜ 0.01).The detection rate of CAP was higher in females with higher levels of FT3.Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analyses showed the effects of thyroid hormone on the CAP differed by gender.Age and FT3 (OR =1.60,95％ CI:1.12-2.28,P =0.01) were correlated with CAP in females.However,only age and waist circumference were correlated with CAP in males.Conclusion Elevated FT3 may be a risk factor of CAP in elderly females.The detection rate of CAP may not be affected by FT3 levels in males.

Objective To analyze the characteristics of tuberculosis (TB) in renal-transplant recipients from our hospital, and summarize the corresponding experiences in diagnosis and management.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 61 documented post-transplant TB cases out of the 2842 patients who received kidney transplantation in the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University between Jan.1991 and Dec.2010.Results TB in the post-renal-transplant population in our hospital displayed the following characteristics:(1) High incidence (2.1％ ).54.1％ recipients were diagnosed within the first year post-transplant; (2) Lung was the most common site (77.0 ％).There was high prevalence (60.7 ％) of extra-pulmonary TB (lymphatic TB,23.0 ％; pleuritis,13.1 ％; graft,11.5％); (3) Fever (83.6 ％),cough (55.7 ％),sputum (41.0 ％) were the most common clinical manifestations.There were also emaciation (3.3 ％) and enlargement of lymph nodes (18.0 ％); (4) Chest X-ray and CT were of great value during TB diagnosis while purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD) skin test had little diagnostic value with a negative result in 56 cases (91.8 ％) ; (5) Liver function damage ( 16.4 ％),kidney function injury (39.3 ％) and peripheral nerve toxicity (3.3 ％) were the main adverse reactions of anti-tuberculosis chemotherapy,also the major cause of anti-TB failure; (6) Pre-transplant TB (17 cases) increased the probability of TB recurrence (4 cases,23.5 ％) post-transplantation; (7) The post-transplant TB patients were accompanied with cellular immune deficiency,resulting in overlapping infection of bacteria,viruses and fungi (19.7 ％); (8) 1- and 3-year patient/graft survival rate of patients with post-transplant TB was 85.2 ％/78.7 ％ and 85.2 ％/75.4 ％ respectively. The accumulative mortality rate reached to 14.8％,while overlapping infection was the major cause of death (66.7 ％).Conclusion Chinese renal transplant recipients still face a high risk of TB because of their immunecompromised state and epidemiological prevalence of the disease. For the high mortality rate and associated serious complications,rapid diagnosis and effective anti-TB chemotherapy are of great value for TB population.

Objective To explore the risk factors of invasive fungal infection after kidney transplantation and to evaluate their effect on prognosis. Methods Data of 2573 patients of kidney transplantation in our center from Jan 1994 to May 2008 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into case group and control group according to fungal infection after operation. Differences of age, preoperative conditions, complications after operation, drainage time, application of broad-spectrum antibiotics, and use of anti-rejection drugs were compared between these two groups to identify the risk factors of postoperative fungal infection. The impact of risk factor amount on the incidence and mortality of invasive fungal infection, as well as on the mortality of patients and graft loss rate was analyzed. Results Compared with control group, the number of aged patients elevated significantly, as well as the incidence of delayed graft function (DGF), acute rejection, CMV infection, liver function impairment, delayed incision healing, and myelosuppression went up significantly in case group. The incidence of long drainage time (>1 week), using broad-spectrum antibiotics (>1 week) and anti-rejection drugs was also increased in case group (P<0.01) . Multivariate Logistic regression showed that aging (≥60 years), DGF, delayed incision healing, myelosurppression, and using broad-spectrum antibiotics (>1 week) were independent risk factors for invasive fungal infection. With the risk factor number increasing, the incidence and mortality increased significantly (X2=91.2 and 18.1 ,respectively, P<0.01), the graft loss rate also increased significantly (X2=93.0, P<0.01). Conclusion Evaluaton of risk factors and prevention of fungal infection after kidney transplantation are very important for improving the prognosis.

Objective To analyze the risk factors affecting BK virus(BKV)infection after kidney transplantation.Methods Taking 90 renal recipients as objectives,urine and peripheral blood (PB)samples of which were taken for the BKV cytologieal test of urinary sediment and real-time PCR tests for BKV DNA of both urine and PB at 1,3,6,9 and 12 months after transplantation.Part of the renal-recipients had been received the graft biopsy.According to BKV DNA in urine,90 recipients were divided into two groups:BKV infected group and non-BKV infected group.Potential variables were compared between the two groups and analyzed by Logistic regression model multivariate analysis to assess and rank the BKV infection related factors.Results The positive rates of urine decoy cell,BKV viruria and viremia in 90 renal recipients were 42.2%(38/90),45.6%(41/90)and 22.2%(20/90),respectively.The proportion of the recipients who used FK506+MMF protocol in the BKV infected group was 68.3%(28/41),which was higher than that of the non-BKV infected group 40.8%(20/49,P＜0.01).Using FK506+MMF protocol was the independent risk factor impacting on BKV infection in renal recipients(X2=6.579,P=0.01,OR=3.123).Five cases of BK virus associated nephropathy(BKVAN)were diagnosed.Conclusion Using FK506+MMF can increase the possibility of BKV infection and then result in BKVAN in renal transplant recipients,intensively BKV monitoring is necessary for these recipients.

Purpose: Multiple pathways are involved in inducing liver fibrosis, which can damage the integrity of liver. Among them, miR-125b has been found to exert an activating action on hepatic stellate cells. Endoplasmic reticulum stress and autophagy lead to liver disorders. Here, we evaluated the therapeutic influence of miR-125b on the endoplasmic reticulum function in injured livers submitted to bile duct ligation. Materials and Methods: For inducing injury, bile duct ligation was done on miR-125b transgenic rats (miR-125b-Tg) in wild type rats. The rat T-6 cells received transfection of miR-125b mimic and Tunicamycin. Protein expressions were observed by western blot analysis. Results: Compared to wild type rats, liver-injured rats showed significant impairment of liver function as assessed by the total bilirubin levels. The miR-125b-Tg rats showed decrease in activity of aspartate transaminase and alanine transaminase. Liver tissues of miR-125b-Tg rats showed weaker fibrotic matrix formation. Upregulation of miR-125b decreased the bile duct ligation-mediated hepatic disturbances for the expressions of endoplasmic reticulum kinase, inositol-requiring kinase 1alpha, sXBP1, CHOP, LC3, p62, ULK, and caspase-3/-8/-9. T-6 cells transfected with miR-125b mimic and treated with Tunicamycin caused decrease in levels of cleaved caspase-3, sXBP1, CHOP, and LC3. The miR-125b signaling showed protective effect on the liver tissues subjected to injury and fibrosis histopathology. Conclusion This study demonstrates a novel insight into the miR125b-mediated stabilization of endoplasmic reticulum integrity, which slows the progression of injury-induced hepatic deterioration.