This study examined the antioxidant compounds and functional properties of superior potato (SP) after various cooking methods (sun drying: SD, roasting after sun drying: SR, hot-air drying: HD, roasting after hot-air drying: HR, boiling: B, roasting: R, and air-frying: AF) and compared with uncooked SP. As a result, the total phenolic contents (TPC) in the hot water extract (HWE) were the highest in SR. B showed the highest TPC in the ethanol extract (EE). In the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, S was the highest in the HWE, whereas R was the highest in the EE. At 50 μg/mL concentration, AF showed the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity in both HWE and EE compared to others. SP protected HepG2 cells against H 2O 2-induced DNA damage. Based on the results, the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity differed by the cooking method. Thus, the findings from the current study may provide suitable SP cooking methods for attaining their maximum biological activity.

Objectives: ：Among the various risk factors for suicide, geographic factors have different effects on males and females. This study aimed to identify differences between genders in spatiotemporal dependence and spatiotemporal patterns of suicide mortality over the preceding decade. Methods: ：This research analyzed the age-adjusted suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population, spanning from 2012 to 2021, for intentional suicides across each administrative district (229 Si, Gun, Gu) in Korea. Data were sourced from the National Statistical Office of the Korean Statistical Information Service. The Moran’s I in-dex for spatial autocorrelation of the suicide mortality rates was computed. An emerging hot spot analysis was conducted to examine the community-level spatiotemporal distribution patterns, thus providing insight into the re-gional clustering characteristics that reflect the temporal-spatial clusters of suicide mortality rates. Results: ：TIn males, the Moran’s I indices were almost above 0 (p-value<0.05) for most years, indicating sig-nificant spatial autocorrelation. Conversely, no significant regional clustering was observed among females dur-ing the same period. The emerging hot spot analysis, focusing on the temporal trends in the spatial distributionof male suicide mortality rates from 2012 to 2021, identified two distinct time series patterns and a total of 12 hot spot areas: seven new spots and five sporadic spots. Conclusions ：This study is the first to intuitively demonstrate the disparities in spatiotemporal dependencies and patterns of suicide mortality rates in Korea between genders. The findings highlight the necessity for tailoredsuicide prevention strategies that are sensitive to gender differences.

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, intractable functional disease. It is inferred that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may have favorable efficacy on IBS by gut microbial modification. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FMT for improving severity in patients with IBS. Methods: Patients who voluntarily wanted FMT were consecutively enrolled. The study subjects were classified by subtype of IBS by the ROME IV criteria. The IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of FMT. The subjects completed a questionnaire at baseline week 0 and weeks 4, 12, and 24 after FMT. FMT was performed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy using frozen stock stool solution. If the follow-up IBS-SSS achieved less than 75 points, it was defined as remission. Adverse events were also gathered. Results: Twenty-one subjects were included from October 2023 until July 2024. There were 7 patients with IBS-C, 10 patients with IBS-D, 2 patients with IBS-M, and 2 patients with IBS-U type. The mean SSS of the IBS-D group was 244.0±64.2, which was higher than IBS-C group (192.9±85.4). Alleviations in IBS-SSS after FMT were observed in 19 subjects (19/21, 90.5%) at week 4. At week 12, 71.4% (5/7) in the IBS-C group and 20.0% (2/10) in the IBS-D group achieved remission. The remission states were maintained up to week 24 and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions FMT might be an effective treatment option for improving symptoms of mild to moderate IBS, especially IBS-C.

Objectives: ：Among the various risk factors for suicide, geographic factors have different effects on males and females. This study aimed to identify differences between genders in spatiotemporal dependence and spatiotemporal patterns of suicide mortality over the preceding decade. Methods: ：This research analyzed the age-adjusted suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population, spanning from 2012 to 2021, for intentional suicides across each administrative district (229 Si, Gun, Gu) in Korea. Data were sourced from the National Statistical Office of the Korean Statistical Information Service. The Moran’s I in-dex for spatial autocorrelation of the suicide mortality rates was computed. An emerging hot spot analysis was conducted to examine the community-level spatiotemporal distribution patterns, thus providing insight into the re-gional clustering characteristics that reflect the temporal-spatial clusters of suicide mortality rates. Results: ：TIn males, the Moran’s I indices were almost above 0 (p-value<0.05) for most years, indicating sig-nificant spatial autocorrelation. Conversely, no significant regional clustering was observed among females dur-ing the same period. The emerging hot spot analysis, focusing on the temporal trends in the spatial distributionof male suicide mortality rates from 2012 to 2021, identified two distinct time series patterns and a total of 12 hot spot areas: seven new spots and five sporadic spots. Conclusions ：This study is the first to intuitively demonstrate the disparities in spatiotemporal dependencies and patterns of suicide mortality rates in Korea between genders. The findings highlight the necessity for tailoredsuicide prevention strategies that are sensitive to gender differences.

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, intractable functional disease. It is inferred that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may have favorable efficacy on IBS by gut microbial modification. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FMT for improving severity in patients with IBS. Methods: Patients who voluntarily wanted FMT were consecutively enrolled. The study subjects were classified by subtype of IBS by the ROME IV criteria. The IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of FMT. The subjects completed a questionnaire at baseline week 0 and weeks 4, 12, and 24 after FMT. FMT was performed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy using frozen stock stool solution. If the follow-up IBS-SSS achieved less than 75 points, it was defined as remission. Adverse events were also gathered. Results: Twenty-one subjects were included from October 2023 until July 2024. There were 7 patients with IBS-C, 10 patients with IBS-D, 2 patients with IBS-M, and 2 patients with IBS-U type. The mean SSS of the IBS-D group was 244.0±64.2, which was higher than IBS-C group (192.9±85.4). Alleviations in IBS-SSS after FMT were observed in 19 subjects (19/21, 90.5%) at week 4. At week 12, 71.4% (5/7) in the IBS-C group and 20.0% (2/10) in the IBS-D group achieved remission. The remission states were maintained up to week 24 and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions FMT might be an effective treatment option for improving symptoms of mild to moderate IBS, especially IBS-C.

Objectives: ：Among the various risk factors for suicide, geographic factors have different effects on males and females. This study aimed to identify differences between genders in spatiotemporal dependence and spatiotemporal patterns of suicide mortality over the preceding decade. Methods: ：This research analyzed the age-adjusted suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population, spanning from 2012 to 2021, for intentional suicides across each administrative district (229 Si, Gun, Gu) in Korea. Data were sourced from the National Statistical Office of the Korean Statistical Information Service. The Moran’s I in-dex for spatial autocorrelation of the suicide mortality rates was computed. An emerging hot spot analysis was conducted to examine the community-level spatiotemporal distribution patterns, thus providing insight into the re-gional clustering characteristics that reflect the temporal-spatial clusters of suicide mortality rates. Results: ：TIn males, the Moran’s I indices were almost above 0 (p-value<0.05) for most years, indicating sig-nificant spatial autocorrelation. Conversely, no significant regional clustering was observed among females dur-ing the same period. The emerging hot spot analysis, focusing on the temporal trends in the spatial distributionof male suicide mortality rates from 2012 to 2021, identified two distinct time series patterns and a total of 12 hot spot areas: seven new spots and five sporadic spots. Conclusions ：This study is the first to intuitively demonstrate the disparities in spatiotemporal dependencies and patterns of suicide mortality rates in Korea between genders. The findings highlight the necessity for tailoredsuicide prevention strategies that are sensitive to gender differences.

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, intractable functional disease. It is inferred that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may have favorable efficacy on IBS by gut microbial modification. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FMT for improving severity in patients with IBS. Methods: Patients who voluntarily wanted FMT were consecutively enrolled. The study subjects were classified by subtype of IBS by the ROME IV criteria. The IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of FMT. The subjects completed a questionnaire at baseline week 0 and weeks 4, 12, and 24 after FMT. FMT was performed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy using frozen stock stool solution. If the follow-up IBS-SSS achieved less than 75 points, it was defined as remission. Adverse events were also gathered. Results: Twenty-one subjects were included from October 2023 until July 2024. There were 7 patients with IBS-C, 10 patients with IBS-D, 2 patients with IBS-M, and 2 patients with IBS-U type. The mean SSS of the IBS-D group was 244.0±64.2, which was higher than IBS-C group (192.9±85.4). Alleviations in IBS-SSS after FMT were observed in 19 subjects (19/21, 90.5%) at week 4. At week 12, 71.4% (5/7) in the IBS-C group and 20.0% (2/10) in the IBS-D group achieved remission. The remission states were maintained up to week 24 and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions FMT might be an effective treatment option for improving symptoms of mild to moderate IBS, especially IBS-C.

This study examined the antioxidant compounds and functional properties of superior potato (SP) after various cooking methods (sun drying: SD, roasting after sun drying: SR, hot-air drying: HD, roasting after hot-air drying: HR, boiling: B, roasting: R, and air-frying: AF) and compared with uncooked SP. As a result, the total phenolic contents (TPC) in the hot water extract (HWE) were the highest in SR. B showed the highest TPC in the ethanol extract (EE). In the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, S was the highest in the HWE, whereas R was the highest in the EE. At 50 μg/mL concentration, AF showed the highest oxygen radical absorbance capacity in both HWE and EE compared to others. SP protected HepG2 cells against H 2O 2-induced DNA damage. Based on the results, the antioxidant compounds and antioxidant activity differed by the cooking method. Thus, the findings from the current study may provide suitable SP cooking methods for attaining their maximum biological activity.

Objectives: ：Among the various risk factors for suicide, geographic factors have different effects on males and females. This study aimed to identify differences between genders in spatiotemporal dependence and spatiotemporal patterns of suicide mortality over the preceding decade. Methods: ：This research analyzed the age-adjusted suicide mortality rate per 100,000 population, spanning from 2012 to 2021, for intentional suicides across each administrative district (229 Si, Gun, Gu) in Korea. Data were sourced from the National Statistical Office of the Korean Statistical Information Service. The Moran’s I in-dex for spatial autocorrelation of the suicide mortality rates was computed. An emerging hot spot analysis was conducted to examine the community-level spatiotemporal distribution patterns, thus providing insight into the re-gional clustering characteristics that reflect the temporal-spatial clusters of suicide mortality rates. Results: ：TIn males, the Moran’s I indices were almost above 0 (p-value<0.05) for most years, indicating sig-nificant spatial autocorrelation. Conversely, no significant regional clustering was observed among females dur-ing the same period. The emerging hot spot analysis, focusing on the temporal trends in the spatial distributionof male suicide mortality rates from 2012 to 2021, identified two distinct time series patterns and a total of 12 hot spot areas: seven new spots and five sporadic spots. Conclusions ：This study is the first to intuitively demonstrate the disparities in spatiotemporal dependencies and patterns of suicide mortality rates in Korea between genders. The findings highlight the necessity for tailoredsuicide prevention strategies that are sensitive to gender differences.

Background/Aims: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, intractable functional disease. It is inferred that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may have favorable efficacy on IBS by gut microbial modification. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of FMT for improving severity in patients with IBS. Methods: Patients who voluntarily wanted FMT were consecutively enrolled. The study subjects were classified by subtype of IBS by the ROME IV criteria. The IBS-symptom severity score (IBS-SSS) was used to evaluate the efficacy of FMT. The subjects completed a questionnaire at baseline week 0 and weeks 4, 12, and 24 after FMT. FMT was performed by esophagogastroduodenoscopy using frozen stock stool solution. If the follow-up IBS-SSS achieved less than 75 points, it was defined as remission. Adverse events were also gathered. Results: Twenty-one subjects were included from October 2023 until July 2024. There were 7 patients with IBS-C, 10 patients with IBS-D, 2 patients with IBS-M, and 2 patients with IBS-U type. The mean SSS of the IBS-D group was 244.0±64.2, which was higher than IBS-C group (192.9±85.4). Alleviations in IBS-SSS after FMT were observed in 19 subjects (19/21, 90.5%) at week 4. At week 12, 71.4% (5/7) in the IBS-C group and 20.0% (2/10) in the IBS-D group achieved remission. The remission states were maintained up to week 24 and no serious adverse events were reported. Conclusions FMT might be an effective treatment option for improving symptoms of mild to moderate IBS, especially IBS-C.