Blood-spleen barrier is an important part of the structure and function of spleen.In recent years,blood-spleen barrier gradually arouse people's attention and was often reported.This review focuses on the research progress of the structure and function of blood-spleen battier.

In the state of the stress,macrophage apoptosis is increased,function of secretion disordered and the ability of antigen-presenting redused,so the defense system is significantly reduced.This is one rea-son of complications including infection,sepsis,systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple or-gan failure.But mild heat stress may promote the immunological function of splenic macrophage.

Objective To predict and screen the B-cell epitopes on nucleoprotein(NP)of human avian H5N1 virus strain.Methods As NP nucleotide sequences of strain A/GD/01/06(H5N1)were sequenced,B-cell epitopes were predicted by the analysis of the flexible regions of secondary structure for NPprotein and by screening on B-cell epitopes for NP protein with methods of Hydrophilicity Plot by KyteDoolittle,Surface Probability Plot by Emini,and Antigenic Index by Jameson-Wolf.Then a screening method was established by Hierarchical cluster,Bivariate correlate and Quartiles in SPSS13.0.and the variation of amino acids in NP protein was appraised in epitope prediction.Resuits The computer-predicted most possible epitopes for NP protein were located within or nearby its N-terminal 317-326,452-457,467-473,367-370,491-498,375-378,171-177,48-53,245-250.76-104 and so on.NP protein in A/GD/01/06(H5N1)increased a glycoprotein domain(NES368-370)by the substitution of N370S and changed the bio-features.Conclusion Stepwise prediction of the B-cell epitopes for the NP protein based on multiple parameters is helpful for the molecular-immunology and drug-screening,and the substitution of N370 S in NP of A/GD/01/06(H5N1)varied its antigenicity but didn't change the epitope size(SNEN367-370).

Endoscopic Sphincterotomy (EST) is more popular because of slight trauma and early recovery,therefore,its complications are always neglected,and the abuse of EST occur now and then.This paper summarized the applications of EST and analyzed its complications in recent 10 years in our country,It demonstrates that EST should been correctly treated and appropriately used.

[Abstract ] CHD1L is a newly identified oncogene located at Chr 1q21,its oncogenic role in tumorigenesis is through unleashed cell proliferation, G1/S transition, inhibition of apoptosis and Chromatin instability .It is an independent biomarker that can affect tumour′s process, prognosis and survival rate.The underlying mechanisms of CHD1L activation may disrupt the cell death program via binding the apoptotic protein Nur77 or exterting relevant function by mediate CHD 1L′s target genes (ARHGEF9, TCTP, SPOCK1, and NTKL) .This paper mainly introduces its oncogenic role and research progress of related molecular mechanism .

AIM: To investigate the role of mild heat stress towards the immunological function of splenic macrophages and significance of BiP protein expression. METHODS: Primary cultured splenic macrophages were prepared and placed in 41 ℃ thermostat for thermal stress and restored to 37 ℃ after an hour. Heat stressed macrophages were separated into groups at time points of 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 180 min, and their BiP mRNA and BiP protein expressions were detected. At the same time, the phagocytic function, cytotoxicity and chemotaxis of the macrophages were detected. RESULTS: After heat stress, the expressions of BiP mRNA and BiP protein in splenic macrophages remarkably increased, and reached to peak after 30-60 min, still remained higher than control group after 120 min and restored to normal level after 180 min. At the same time, mild heat stress enhanced the phagocytotic, cytotoxicity and chemotactic activities of splenic macrophages, and reached to peak after 60 min then gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: The expression of BiP protein is enhanced after mild heat stress, synchronous changes happen both in BiP protein expression and cellular function. There is close relation between BiP protein expression and increased functions of splenic macrophages induced by mild heat stress.

Objective To report the clinical experience of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)in the emergency management of fulminant myocarditis.Methods The patient,an 11 year-old boy,had fever for 4 day and abdominal pain,vomiting for 1 day and anuria for 12 hours.Electrocardiogram showed Ⅲ atrial-ventricular block,multifocal ventricular rhythm,bundle branch block,convulsivum multifocal ventricular tachycardia,extensive low voltage,ST-T elevation at lead Ⅰ,AVR,V1,V2,V3;and there were ST-T intrusion,T wave inversion at lead Ⅱ,Ⅲ,AVR,AVF,V4～5.Blood creatine kinase was 2 161 U/L,reatine kinase isoenzyme 109 U/L,α-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase 612 U/L,lactate dehydrogenase 696 U/L,troponin Ⅰ 22.1 U/L.Echocardiogram showed right atrium 4.4 mm,right ventricular 2.3 mm,severe tricuspid valve regurgitation,left ejection fraction 33％,left ventricular fractional shortening 15％,ventricular wall motion dyssynchrony.Blood lactate was 4.0 mmol/L.The patient's condition was still unstable after using dobutamin,dopamine,milrinone,furosemide,large dose methylprednisolone,intravenous human immunoglobin,phosphocreatine and so on.ECMO was used for cardio-pulmonary support.It is necessary to monitoring the consciousness,temperature,heart rate,respiration,blood pression,SaO2,urinary volume,ariterial blood gas,blood electrolytes,blood lactate,blood glucose,liver function,renal function,blood routine,activated clotting time(ACT),lower extremity blood supply and so on.ACT was maintained at 160～200 s.Heparin was used persistently[5～10 U/(kg·min)].Results ECMO system had been successfully used for 7 days.The cardiac function of the patient was improved significantly.There was no complication,such as hemorrhage,infection,and embolism.Heart arrest in the patient occurred three times,ventricular fibrillation and ventricular flutter occurred one time respectively during ECMO.The rhythm was recovered by electric defibrillation and antiarrhythmic drugs.On day 20,the patient was discharged.At the time of hospital discharge,the patient demonstrated good activity,with normal myocardial enzymes.The echocardiogram showed the size of the cardiac chambers and the contractile function of the myocardia were normal.Electrocardiogram showed Ⅰ degree atrial-ventricular block,complete right bundle branch block.Two weeks later,the electrocardiogram demonstrated complete right bundle branch block.Echocardiogram showed septal thickening(0.9 cm).Two months later,the electrocardiogram was just as that of two weeks before.Echocardiogram showed septal thickening(0.7 cm).The children had no symptom after he was discharged and acted without limitation.Conclusion ECMO is a kind of effective treatment for fulminant myocarditis.The key to desirable therapeutic effect is the timing of its application.

3.00 and exposed to the solution containing 1500 mg/L peracetic acid for 30 min could completely killing the spores.Aerosol spraying with solution containing 1000 mg/L peracetic acid at a dose of 10 ml/m3 for 30 min caused over 90.0% decay rate of natural bacteria in indoor air.CONCLUSIONS Weikangshi peracetic acid has good stability and its germicidal efficacy is not affected.

Objective To explore the relationship between dopaminergic axon terminal and GABAergic neurons and explore the neuroanatomic mechanism of their effects in schizophrenia. Methods The co-location and the association of dopaminergic axon terminal and GABAergic neurons in the basolateral nucleus (BL) of rat amygdala were examined by using double labeling immunoelectron microscopic techniques. Dopaminergic axon terminal and GABAergic neurons were labeled with the antidopamine (anti-DA) and the anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase (anti-GAD) antibodies respectively. Results 43% of the DA-input synapses was observed to relate directly or indirectly to GAD-immunoreactive(IR) dendritic structures(DA/GAD), which includes single (38%), convergent (30%), serial (20%), and axoaxonic (12%) contact types.And 57% of the DA-input synapses was found to associate with unlabeled elements (DA/UE), which includes unlabeled perikarya (10%), dendrites (82%) and axons (8%). All of the synapses that show DA-IR terminals profiles were found to be symmetric (inhibitory) synapses.Conclusion These results suggest that the dopaminergic system in the BL of rat amygdala controls the mediations of the GABAergic interneurons via symmetric synapses. In addition, the dopaminergic axon terminal associates with the glutamatergic projection neurons and exerts influence on its activity.

Objective To explore the preparation and quality control of As2 O3 nanoparticle .Methods PEG‐PLA was used as the vector material to prepare As2 O3 nanoparticle with ultrasonic emulsification method ,and the VEGFR‐2 was coupled to obtain VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticle .The particle size distribution ,Zata potential ,loading efficiency (LE) ,encapsulation effi‐ciency(EE) ,drug release in vitro and stability was determined ,and morphological characteristics was observed by transmission elec‐tron microscope(TEM) .Tweety‐four hepatocellular carcinoma nude mices were randomly divided into VEGFR‐2/As2O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group and As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group ,by tail vein injection of nanoparticles .High performance liquid chro‐matography was used to determine content of As2 O3 .After 21 d ,six nude mices in each group were killed ,and the immunohisto‐chemistry and western blot method was used to detect the expression of VEGFR‐2 .Results The particle size of VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA was determined to be (141 .9 ± 13 .2)nm ,Zata potential was (10 .2 ± 1 .1)mV .It was found to spherical or oval shape , with uniform size and dispersibility under TEM .LE and EE was (5 .51 ± 1 .83)% and (62 .12 ± 5 .98)% ,respectively .Drug release in vitro showed that VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA exhibited controlled release effect ,with half of the release time as 10 h .Besides , VEGFR‐2/As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA showed a good stability in 3 days .Compared with As2 O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group ,the concen‐tration of As2 O3 in tumor and liver tissue was high ,the concentration of As2 O3 in blood ,heart ,kidney tissue was low ,the expression of VEGFR‐2 in tumor tissue was low in VEGFR‐2/As2O3‐PEG‐PLA nanoparticles group(P< 0 .05) .Conclusion The prepared As2 O3 nanoparticle using PEG‐PLA as vector and VEGFR‐2 as target showed uniform size ,high EE and LE ,good stability .And it preliminarily proved that VEGFR‐2 could be targeted in nude mice .